2. True
3. true
4.false
5. false
6. d= heat processing
7. c= brine
8. A = drip
9. d= pasteurization
10. b= storing
11. Thermal death time
12. sterilization
13. fermentation
What is food sterilization?
Sterilization is the complete destruction or elimination of all viable organisms in a food or any food product.
The method found to be most effective for the sterilization of packaged foods is heat disinfection. This method involves heating the food and its containers up to temperatures that eliminate any microorganisms that may damage the foods.
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What do the numbers 3 and 4 refer to?
i want the answer please i want the answerrrr
The correct answer is "Blood should not be written on the table. Blood is basic".
Solutions are ranked according to their acidity or basicity (alkalinity) using the pH scale. The scale is logarithmic since it is based on pH values, which means that a change of 1 pH unit corresponds to a ten-fold change in the concentration of H+ ions. The pH scale is frequently stated to range from 0 to 14, while it is conceivable to have a pH below 0 or over 14. Most solutions however fall within this range. Acidic substances have a pH value less than 7 while alkaline or basic substances have a pH value greater than 7. A pH value of 7 is said to be neutral. In the example, orange juice, vinegar and hydrochloric acid have pH values less than 7. Hence, these are acidic substances. However, since blood has a pH of 7.4, it is considered as slightly basic.
Therefore, the best choice is "Blood should not be written on the table. Blood is basic".
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describe two observation of water that provides evidence that water molecules are attracted to one another.
Water molecules are strongly attracted to each other owing to the cohesive forces.
Cohesion is the scientific term for the attraction of molecules towards other molecules of the same kind. Water molecules have significant cohesive forces as a result of their capacity to establish hydrogen bonds with one another.
When a container is filled to the brim with water, it forms a dome-like shape before it spills over the edges. The cohesive qualities of the water molecules, or their propensity to stick together, cause this dome-like shape to form.Water molecules form droplets on surfaces, such as dew drops, because their attraction to one another is stronger than that of other molecules.Light objects can float on water without sinking thanks to the surface tension caused by cohesion, such as water striders.Thus, water molecules have a strong cohesive force.
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Which of the following are roles that prokaryotes play in the environment? Select all that apply.
Group of answer choices
(a) parasitizing eukaryotes, causing diseases
(b) breaking down organic matter
(c) fixing oxygen into water to be used by plants
(d) going through fermentation to produce foods like sauerkraut and pickles
(e) metabolizing materials in extreme environments like very acidic or salty
Answer: All of them are correct except maybe d but that depends
Explanation:
Which of the following is the best title for this passage? A The Grand Canyon B Geology C Tilted Rocks D Unconformities
What is the activation energy of a reaction? (1 point)
O the amount of energy lost
O the amount of energy produced
O the maximum energy used by the reactants as the reaction proceeds
O the minimum energy required by the reactants for the reaction to proceed
Answer:
Explanation:
uyghy
IN YOUR OWN WORDS , summarize what Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is, how it is transmitted, treated, and found.
According to the research, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is an infectious disease of the CNS, produced by altered prion proteins that causes advanced dementia and leads to a rapid decrease in movement.
What is Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease?It is an encephalopathy associated with a spongiform degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS) and is related to the accumulation of altered prion proteins, that is, they have lost their normal function but have acquired the ability to transform the normal form into a pathological one.
In this sense, its transmission can be horizontal or vertical and its symptoms include:
DementiaMemory impairmentMuscle coordination problemsOn the other hand, its treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms such as involuntary muscle contractions, since it is considered to lead to death given that altered prion proteins are extremely resistant to commonly used disinfectant and sterilizing treatments.
Therefore, we can conclude that according to the research, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is an infectious disease of the CNS, produced by altered prion proteins that causes advanced dementia and leads to a rapid decrease in movement.
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Find a scientific theory of your choice and summarize it below
Based on this diagram, do you think that organisms of the same order will share a stronger evolutionary relationship than
organisms that share only the same phylum? Explain your reasoning using the results of your investigation.
From the diagram above, I dont think that organisms of the same ordershare a stronger evolutionary relationship than organisms in the same phylum. This is because, after kingdoms, the subsequent categories of increasing specificity are: phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Levels in taxonomic classificationAt each sublevel in the taxonomic classification system, organisms become more similar.Organisms that share similar physical features and genetic sequences tend to be more closely related than those that do not. Scientists use a tool called a phylogenetic tree to show the evolutionary pathways and connections among living organisms. Phylogenetic treeA phylogenetic tree is a diagram used to reflect evolutionary relationships among organisms or groups of organismsTaxonomical classificationTaxonomy is the scientific study of naming, defining and classifying groups of living organisms based on shared characteristics. There are seven main taxonomic ranks: kingdomphylum ( in animals )or division ( in plants )classorderfamilygenusspecies.
Use the correct terms to complete the statement about transcription.
Answers: (Golgi apparatus , nucleus , ribosomes , rough ER)
During transcription, a strand of mRNA is made based on the DNA template in the___________
The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and binds to
or in the _________ found on the _______ or in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes translate the mRNA message into proteins, which may enter
to be the ER to be modified. Proteins move to the____________processed and are then delivered to other locations in the cell or stored for later use.
During transcription, a strand of mRNA is made based on the DNA template in the nucleus.
The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and binds in the ribosomes found on the rough ER or in the cytoplasm.Ribosomes translate the mRNA message into proteins, which may enter to be the ER to be modified. Proteins move to the Golgi apparatus processed and are then delivered to other locations in the cell or stored for later use.How the strand of mRNA is copied based on the DNA template in the nucleus.For transcription to occur, there is this special enzyme known as RNA polymerase II which usually, frequently and most of the time initiate the sequence in the DNA strand; thereby, resulting in the production of the DNA template into mRNA. The whole of this process occurs in the nucleus.
In conclusion, a strand of mRNA is copied to mRNA based on the DNA template in the nucleus.
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the root hair originated from
While Lucas and Omar were watching a football game, a player was penalized for "clipping," meaning that he had hid an opposing player on the lateral knee area, causing hyperabduction at the knee joint. Lucas asked Omar what the big deal was bout clipping. What joint is most at risk? What anatomical elements are most likely to be injured from clipping? Be sure to be complete and thorough with your responses.
Answer: for "clipping," meaning that he had hid an opposing player on the lateral knee area, causing hyperabduction at the knee joint. Lucas asked Omar what the big
Explanation:
Label the diagram of the cell. Not sure if my answers are right so far.
Answer:
On the left... Chromatin
First of right... Ribosomes
Second... Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Third... Cytoplasm
Fourth... Lysosomes
What makes aquatic ecosystems different?
Answer:
Aquatic ecosystems perform numerous valuable environmental functions. They recycle nutrients, purify water, attenuate floods, augment and maintain streamflow, recharge ground water, and provide habitat for wildlife and recreation for people.
In this lab we first mixed some liver with hydrogen peroxide in test tube #1 and observed foaming letting it completely react. Then we poured off the remaining liquid into a second test tube #2. Next we added fresh liver to test tube #2 and no reaction (foaming) occurred because;
Question 6 options:
The liquid in test tube #2 was Oxygen.
The liquid in test tube #2 was water.
The liquid in test tube #2 was Hydrogen peroxide.
The liquid in test tube #2 was Catalase. ..
The liquid in test tube #2 was catalase. It is catalase because it will dismutate hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen so it will not react with the liver.
What is catalase?Catalase is an enzyme that will catalyze the reaction that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water. The enzyme needs a heme group and manganese as a cofactor. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong compound that has the function of protecting microorganisms but due to its toxicity it must be transformed into less dangerous products, so catalase is vital for this process.
Therefore, we can confirm that the liquid in test tube #2 was catalase. It is catalase because it will dismutate hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen so it will not react with the liver.
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HELP DUE Now The ozone layer protects us from the harmful effects of which type of radiation?
infrared
ultraviolet
radio
microwave
Answer:
ultraviolet radiation
Explanation:
Answer:
ultraviolet
Explanation:
Cells are able to pump ions across their membranes in opposition to a concentration gradient due to
A) the destruction of electrons within the cell
B) a drop in temperature outside the cell
C) an expenditure of energy by the cell
D) a vacuole formation within the cell
Cells are able to pump ions across their membranes in opposition to a concentration gradient due to an expenditure of energy by the cell; option C.
What is active transport?Active transport refers to a form of transport that occurs in the cell in which energy is expended in the form of ATP to transport molecules from one point to the other within the cell or outside the cell.
Usually, when energy is expended in the transport of molecules, it is done against the concentration gradient.
When molecules move down their concentration gradient, they move by simple diffusion.
Therefore, cells are able to pump ions across their membranes in opposition to a concentration gradient due to an expenditure of energy by the cell.
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how did scientists change society's view of smoking after 1960
Answer: They proved it causes cancer,
Explanation:
There was a change in the view on smoking after 1960. change was influenced by declaring tobacco as an addiction and that it can cause cancer. It started in the 1964.
Answer:
Explanation:
The major cause of the change that society had on its view on smoking since 1960 was because of scientific information wherein scientists found that smoking causes cancer.
Ever since scientists discovered that smoking is bad for the lungs and the body in general, over time there became fewer and less people who do it. The smoke of cigarettes contains around 70 chemicals called carcinogens. These are known to cause cancer. So, society has changed its view on smoking since 1960.
What does pH measure? Suppose a solution has a pH of 11. Is it an acid or base? Suppose a second solution has a pH of 8. What can be said about its relative acidity compared to the first solution?
How to solve?
pH measures how basic/acidic a solution is. The range is from 0-14 with 7 being neutral (not acidic or basic). 0 is the most acidic and 14 is the most basic.
A pH of 11 is basic, and a pH of 8 is relatively more acidic compared to the first solution (a pH of 8 is very close to neutral, and closer to acidic on the pH scale).
Question 18 of 30
How does scientific knowledge continue to change over time?
Answer:
through the history of science
Explanation:
If you want your friend to guess whether you have a bacteria or yeast sample by answering the clues you have about their properties like shape, size, composition.
What two clues you can give to make them easily distinguish between bacteria and yeast
b. What two clues you can give them to make them confused so that they can’t. decide whether they are bacteria or plant cell
The answers include the following:
The two clues you can give to make them easily distinguish between bacteria and yeast is that yeast has a single nucleus per cell, while bacteria does not have a nucleus.The two clues which can make them confused so that they can’t. decide whether they are bacteria or plant cell is that they both possess cell wall.What is Yeast?This is an organism which belongs to the fungus kingdom and is an eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms with the presence of one nucleus which is what differentiates it from bacteria as it possesses none.
Bacteria and yeast have cell wall which is the organelle responsible for maintaining their structural integrity while bacteria has no nucleus and yeast has one which differentiates them which is therefore the reason why it was chosen as the correct answer.
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If one parent Is heterozygous and the other pair is homozygous recessive the probability that their child will be homozygotes recessive is what?
The probability that a child will be homozygous if one parent is heterozygous and the other pair is homozygous is 50%.
How to determine the probability of a genetic cross?According to this question, one parent is heterozygous and the other pair is homozygous recessive. This means that the genotype of the heterozygous parent is Xx while the homozygous recessive is xx.
These two parents will cross as follows: Xx × xx
The gametes produced by the heterozygous parents are as follows: X and xThe homozygous parents will produce the following gametes: x and x2 Xx will be produced while 2 xx will be produced, hence, 50% of the children will have a homozygous genotype.
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Why does a gram stain cause gram positive bacteria to turn purple and gram negative bacteria to turn pink?
The thick strong layer of peptidoglycans present in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria generates the characteristic violet/purple color whereas Gram-negative cannot be colored by crystal violet.
What is gram staining?Gram staining is the process by which bacteria are differentially colored by crystal violet in the coloration protocol, which depends on the thick strong layer of peptidoglycan present in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria.
In conclusion, The thick strong layer of peptidoglycans present in the cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria generates the characteristic violet/purple color whereas Gram-negative cannot be colored by crystal violet.
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construct a food web for a hawk, snake, toads, chicken, grasshopper, termite,lizard, worms and green plants
A food web is a diagram that shows what is eaten by what in an ecological community and how food chains naturally connect to one another.
All life forms can be generically categorized by ecologists into one of two trophic levels: 1) the autotrophs, and 2) the heterotrophs. Autotrophs convert inorganic materials, such as minerals and gases like carbon dioxide, into organic matter in order to sustain their bodies, grow, develop, and reproduce.A food web's connections show the various feeding routes, such as how heterotrophs consume the organic matter produced by autotrophs and other heterotrophs to receive organic matter themselves. The different feeding strategies that connect an ecosystem into a single system of trade are depicted in a simplified way by the food web.Find the food web picture attached below.
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1. Consider how lettuce or spinach placed in water becomes firm and crisp. Use what you have learned about cell membranes to explain this observation. Be sure to include homeostasis in your explanation.
Lettuce or spinach becomes crunchy in water because it draws water back into its vacuoles.
How do they get crispier when you add water?Plant cells will be made up of an outer wall that is rigid in addition to the cell membrane, and will also have a vacuole in its center filled with water that is responsible for keeping the cell swollen. So when adding lettuce or spinach to a medium full of water, the water will enter the cell to maintain homeostasis in the medium, since there will be more water outside than inside.
This will then cause the cell to become swollen and firm, making the lettuce or spinach firm and crisp again.
Therefore, we can confirm that lettuce or spinach becomes crunchy in water because it draws water back into its vacuoles.
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5. Have you ever noticed that the shapes
of the continents roughly fit together,
like pieces in a jigsaw puzzle? Based
on what you have learned about plate
tectonics, explain how it's possible that
the continental land masses were once
joined together but are separate now.
Comparable sorts of plants and animals have been discovered in rocks of a similar age on the beaches of separate continents, implying that the continents were formerly linked. Fossils of Mesosaurus, a freshwater reptile, have been discovered in both Brazil and western Africa.
Plate tectonics is the hypothesis that the land masses on Earth are constantly moving. Alfred Wegener proposed the concept of continental drift, or the movement of Earth's land masses.Wegener proposed that the continents shifted toward and away from each other due to the Earth's rotation. Plates are constantly moving and reacting in a process known as plate tectonics.Mountains rise where plates press together, or converge, whereas continents fracture and seas form where plates pull apart, or diverge. The continents are embedded in the plates and drift passively with them over millions of years, resulting in profound changes in Earth's geography.Thus this is the meaning of Plate tectonic.
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Why do we use SI units in science?
Answer:
The SI system is used to exchange and sell goods all over the world. Science and research also use SI units to measure scientific quantities
Biodiversity is important for the sustainability of ecosystems. However, many of the human actions that are aimed at growing communities are decreasing the biodiversity of these areas, leaving populations and ecosystems vulnerable. As human populations grow, the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems they use may be transformed by the efforts of human beings and biodiversity losses typically accompany these processes. Which of these actions decrease biodiversity and threaten sustainability? Select ALL that apply
Pollution and Overexploitation of the natural environment are the actions that decrease biodiversity and threaten sustainability.
What factors decrease biodiversity and threaten sustainability?Climate change, Pollution, Destruction of habitats, Invasive alien species and Overexploitation of the natural environment are the actions that decrease biodiversity and threaten sustainability. Human activities can cause great damaged to the environment because human activities causes pollution which make the environment and biodiversity adversely affected. Burning of fossil produces carbondioxide which is a greenhouse gas which is responsible for the global warming and sea level rise.
So we can conclude that Pollution and Overexploitation of the natural environment are the actions that decrease biodiversity and threaten sustainability.
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Which of the following best describes the function of the enzyme Catalase?
Question 2 options:
Catalase is a poison produced by cells that is broken down by hydrogen peroxide
Catalase is a protein that is used by cells to slow down poisonous chemical reactions.
Catalase breaks down poisonous hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas.
Catalase puts together water and oxygen gas to make poisonous hydrogen peroxide.
Catalase breaks down poisonous hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas.
Functions of catalase enzymeAll enzymes, including catalase, are proteinous in nature. All enzymes also have their substrates, and they are quite specific with them. An enzyme that acts on a particular substrate may not act on another.
Catalase is an enzyme whose substrate is hydrogen peroxide. In cells, catalase helps with the homeostasis of hydrogen peroxide. Once the chemical starts building up beyond a certain concentration threshold, catalase starts breaking it down.
Catalase is able to break down hydrogen peroxide into two components - water and oxygen gas.
Thus, the option that best describes the function of the enzyme catalase is the third option.
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Why do the polypeptides made in prokaryotes always contain formyl methionine as the first amino acid?
Select one:
a.
The terminator tRNA adds methionine amino acid first.
b.
The terminator tRNA adds formyl methionine first.
c.
The initiator tRNA adds methionine amino acid first.
d.
The initiator tRNA adds formyl methionine first.
In translation process, the initiator tRNA adds formyl methionine first.
What is translation ?Translation is the formation of protein from m-RNA. Similar to mRNA synthesis, protein synthesis can be broken down into three stages: initiation, elongation, and termination.
The first stage of protein synthesis is the formation of an initiating complex.This complex in E. coli is composed of the short 30S ribosome, the mRNA template, three initiation factors (IFs; IF-1, IF-2, and IF-3), and a particular initiator tRNA known as tRNA Metf.Met-tRNAThe initiator tRNA, or I is a particular tRNA that carries the amino acid methionine.Instead of looking for the Shine-Dalgarno sequence, the eukaryotic initiation complex looks for the 5′ cap of the eukaryotic mRNA. It then follows the mRNA from 5′ to 3′ until the AUG start codon is found.Currently, the Met-tRNAi, mRNA, and 40S subunit complexes interact with the 60S subunit.To know more about RNA :
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