A line manager at a brewery sets a target for the minimum number of beer cartons that have to be shipped out by the end of each day. this is an example of an operational goal.
What is the operational goal?
The long-term performance and strategy of an organization are driven by its operational goals. We'll show you how to define operational goals in this post and make sure they align with your overall plan. Every aspect of your strategic strategy should have operational goals integrated into it.Operational objectives often referred to as tactical objectives in business, are short-term goals that, when attained, help an organization get closer to its long-term objectives.It is quite different from a firm's strategic objectives, which are its longer-term goals, yet they are still connected because a corporation can only achieve its strategic goals after meeting its operational goals. Based on an organization's goal, middle managers typically define operational targets for the subsequent six to twelve months.They must be measurable and precise in order to offer clear guidelines for how particular procedures should be carried out on a daily basis. This word in business is frequently used in relation to operational planning and strategic management.To learn more about operational visit:https://brainly.com/question/20916293
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difference between money and bitcoin
Answer:
control
Explanation:
The main difference of Bitcoin from traditional currencies lies in the fact that no one controls Bitcoin as it is decentralized. It allows Bitcoin to be an independent peer-to-peer money system that can function regardless of anyone's wishes.
Bitcoin is a type of cryptocurrency, a digital currency. It is a virtual form of money and can be used to buy things. You can also transfer it from the bank. Bitcoin is related to currency, but it is not money.
Money is a currency that you keep in your wallet. Money is touchable as it can be held in your hands, unlike Bitcoin.
Money is a currency that you hold or keep with yourself. But Bitcoin is like a digital currency you cannot hold it. You can only store it on a computer.
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The invisible hand principle indicates that competitive markets can help promote the efficient use of resources true or false?.
The Invisible Hand Principle suggests that competitive markets can help facilitate the efficient use of resources even when each market player cares only about their self-interest rather than about the overall efficiency of resource usage. True
What is the principle of the invisible hand?The invisible hand is characteristic of laissez-faire, representing the "let do/let go," approach to the market. In other words, the approach maintains that the market will find stability without government or other interventions pushing it into unnatural patterns. The invisible hand upgrades individual self-interest and competition.
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What is the SOLVE method of conflict resolution? What does each letter stand for and mean?
As the SOLVE method of conflict resolution, each letter stands for the followings:
Self-serving fairness interpretationsOverconfidenceLitigationVerdictEscalation of commitmentWhat is a conflict resolution?A Conflict resolution is best defined as the informal or formal process that two or more parties use to find a peaceful solution to their dispute. that is, when the parties in a conflict needs to come to a mutual resolution to end the conflict in a peaceful way.
In a typical Conflict resolution such as arbitration, the neutral third party known as the arbiter serves as a judge responsible for resolving the dispute between the conflicting party.
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the fictional taj mahal indian grocery store had sales of us$50,000 in august and us$62,000 in september. there are 10 full-time workers in the store, each of whom worked 40 hours a week. in august, the store also employed four part-time workers, each of whom worked 15 hours a week. in september, eight part-time workers were employed, each for 10 hours a week. assuming there are four weeks in each month, and sales dollars are the output measure, what was the change in productivity from august to september?\
The change in productivity from August to September is 18.84%
Sales in August = $50000
Sales in September = $62000
Calculating productivity in August:
Productivity = Sales/Work done by employees
= 50000/(4*(10*40+4*15))
=50000/1840
=$27.17
Calculating productivity in September:
= 62000/(4*(10*40+8*10))
=62000/(4*480)
=62000/1920
=$32.29
Change in productivity = (32.29-27.17)/27.17*100
=18.84%
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A bank statement computes an account's ending balance by adding all
to the beginning balance.
O A. amounts of cash purchases
B. amounts of cancelled checks
C. withdrawals and debits
D. deposits and credits
A bank statement computes an account's ending balance by adding all to the beginning balance with respect to deposits and credits. Thus, option D is correct.
What is a bank statement?A bank statement can be described as the part where the transactions that are related to the bank that is in relation to the withdrawal or the payment of the funds.
When calculating a profile's closing balance on a bank account, deposits and credits are added to the opening balance will be considered.
This means that the account will have the entry of the deposit and the withdrawal, which are represented by the debit and the credit balance. Therefore, option D is the correct option.
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A substitute in production is a good that is _____ another good, and a complement in production is a good that is _____ another good.
A substitute in production is a good that is produced in place of another good, and a complement in production is a good that is produced together with another good.
What do you understand by substitute in production?
Substitutes offer consumers choice in purchasing decisions by providing equally good alternatives, thus increasing utility. However, from a company's perspective, substitute products create rivalry.As a result, businesses may incur high marketing and promotional costs as they compete for market share, which in turn reduces operating profits. Some companies are even stopped by substitute products that far exceed their own offerings.What do you understand by complement in production?
Complements in production are two or more goods that are produced together using a given resource. The production of one good automatically triggers the production of another, often as a by-product. Both goods are simultaneously produced from the same source. The production of one good does not preclude the production of another, as would be the case with substitutes in production. In fact, it supports the production of the other. Make one, make both.To learn more about demand, refer to:
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If buyers and sellers both expect future prices to increase, what will happen to the current equilibrium price?.
If buyers and sellers both expect future prices to increase, the current equilibrium price will decrease.
What is a equilibrium price?
When two lines cross in a diagram, that intersection usually means something. On the graph, the point where the supply curve (S) and the demand curve (D) intersect is the equilibrium. The equilibrium price is the only price where consumers' wants and producers' desires match—that is, the amount of a product that consumers want to buy (quantity demanded) equals the amount that producers want to sell (quantity supplied).
This mutually required quantity is called the equilibrium quantity. At any other price, the quantity demanded does not equal the quantity supplied, so the market is not in equilibrium at that price. It should be clear from the previous discussions of surpluses and shortages that if a market is not in equilibrium, then market forces will push the market into equilibrium.
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How does a market economy answer the 3 basic economic questions?
A market economy answers the 3 basic economic questions, Key terms. In its purest form, a market economy answers the three economic questions by allocating resources and goods through markets, where prices are generated. In its purest form, a command economy answers the three economic questions by making allocation decisions centrally by the government.
An economy is a system of interconnected production and consumption activities that ultimately determine the allocation of resources within a group. The production and consumption of goods and services as a whole meet the needs of the people who live and work there.
A nation's economy is the wealth it derives from business and industry. The Japanese economy grew by more than 10% every year. 3. Uncountable nouns. The economy is about using the minimum amount of money, time, or other resources necessary to accomplish something and not wasting anything. Economic growth increases government capacity and the supply of public goods. As the economy grows, the state taxes these revenues, providing the capacity and resources necessary to provide the public goods and services that citizens need, such as health care, education, social protection, and basic public services. You can get
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the two ways that a corporation can be classified by purpose are a. general and limited. b. profit and not-for-profit. c. state and federal. d. publicly held and privately held
The two ways that a corporation can be classified by purpose are profit and not-for-profit. In general, for-profit businesses sell goods or offer services. A non-profit group typically uses donations, events, and corporate sponsors to fundraise. In general, for-profit businesses aim to give consumers a good or service while also turning a profit.
The goal of a nonprofit organization is to assist the community without thinking about making a profit. A non-profit organization is a group that was established with the intention of making a profit, and in which no part of the organization's revenue corporation is given to its directors, officials, or members.
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when small discusses how customers crave personal interaction, knowledge of the person who created the garment, and want unique, humanness in their clothing, what is he describing?
He is describing the product research of the garment.
Customers crave personal interaction, knowledge of the person that created the garment, and want unique, humanness in their clothing, from knowing every inch of the details as people prefer product quality and characteristics and type of clothing it has offered.
Product or market research is done so as to choose the unique pattern that satisfies the wants and comfort of the consumer otherwise they have lot of options and opportunity cost existing with them. Describing the best of all can help grab sales easily.
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The way you use your money reveals your true priorities. Knowing that, how could having budget categories help you prioritize your money ?
The way that a person would use the money that the have would show their priorities because it would show how they would have to list the budgets they have to take care of more pressing needs.
How budgeting can help usThe term budgets has to do with the creation of a financial plan that would have to do with the needs that a person has and the way that it would be spread over the amount of money that they have.
This is important because it helps to ensure that one would not have to spend carelessly. It helps to track the expenses of a person and also create financial stability.
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the managerial accountant at xyz company told her friend that the company expects to announce a major recall in a few weeks. the friend promptly sells all her stock in xyz. the accountant violated which ima requirement? (check all that apply.)
The managerial accountant at internal company told her friend that the company expects to announce a major recall in a few weeks. . The friend promptly sells all her stock in internal
What kind of information is offered by managerial accounting?The sort of accounting known as managerial accounting is used by managers and other decision-makers inside an organisation to provide them with financial information. Financial measures used in managerial accounting frequently include revenue, sales, operational costs, and cost controls.
The discipline of management accounting, often known as managerial accounting, is useful in giving the management financial information and the right resources to aid managers in decision-making.
The basic goal of managerial accounting is to help a company's management accomplish its planning, organising, directing, and controlling duties effectively.
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What is the main idea of the "Invisible Hand" theory?
Society progresses when producers and consumers think about the government first and themselves second.
Society progresses when producers and consumers act in their own self-interest.
The main idea of the "Invisible Hand" theory is that Society progresses when producers and consumers act in their own self-interest.
What is Free Market?This refers to the market enterprise that exists when pricing is the main determinant of a market
Hence, we can see that The main idea of the "Invisible Hand" theory is that Society progresses when producers and consumers act in their own self-interest.
This is because this posits that markets find equilibrium without external factors and influences.
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"you are a shareholder in a c corporation. the corporation earns per share before taxes. once it has paid taxes it will distribute the rest of its earnings to you as a dividend. assume the corporate tax rate is and the personal tax rate on all income is . how much is left for you after all taxes are paid?"
The U.S. taxation system for C corporations is related to the idea of double taxation. So,the answer is $0.98.
These businesses pay corporation taxes first. Any dividend payments made to shareholders are thus subject to further personal taxation.
Before tax earnings of Corporation = $2.33 per share
Corporate tax rate = 40%
Tax paid by corporation = $2.33 * 0.40 = $0.932 per share
Dividend paid by corporation = $2.33 - $0.932 = $1.398
Personal tax rate = 30%
Tax paid by shareholder on dividend income = $1.398 * 0.30 = $0.4194 per share
Amount left after all taxes are paid = $1.398 - $0.4194 = $0.9786
Hence, answer is $0.98
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the prohibits employers from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities with regard to applications, hiring, discharge, compensation, advancement, training, or other terms, conditions, or privileges of employment
The prohibits employers from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities with regard to applications, hiring, discharge, compensation, advancement, training, or other terms, conditions, or privileges of employment American with Disabilities Act of 1990
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 forbids discrimination on the basis of physical or mental impairments in all spheres of public life, including the workplace, educational institutions, and public spaces. The rule in the workplace applies to both potential candidates for open positions and present employees.
What does the 1964 Title VII Civil Rights Act entail?Employment discrimination based on racial, ethnic, religious, sexual, and national origin is illegal under Title VII.
What constitutes discrimination according to the EEOC?You are protected from employment discrimination under the laws upheld by the EEOC if you are subjected to any of the following: Unfair treatment due to your race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, gender identity, and sexual orientation), national origin, disability, age (40 or older), or genetic information.
What does the ADA Amendments Act ADAAA intend to accomplish?Originally passed by Congress in 1990 (as the Americans with Disabilities Act-ADA), the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act (ADAAA) protects people with disabilities against discrimination in the workplace, as well as in settings like schools and other public places.
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meg is considering a move to a foreign country and wants to deed her property to her son, christian, who’s 16. which of these must occur to make this transfer legal?
The deed must be signed by Meg, and her signature must be recognized to make this transfer legal.
What is deed?A deed is any written legal document that passes, affirms, or confirms an interest, right, or piece of property and is signed, witnessed, delivered, and in some places, sealed. It is frequently related to transferring ownership of property.A deed is a document that certifies property ownership.A property deed, sometimes known as a house deed, is a formal document that certifies or transfers ownership of real estate, such as a house or piece of land. The deed certifies the property's ownership and names the grantor (seller) and grantee of the property (buyer).Learn more about deed here:
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Balance sheets prepared in other countries using international accounting standards (ifrs) might use different account titles than are allowed for us. gaap, such as:________
Balance sheets use different accounting Standards such as make financial statements more comparable and eliminate differences in financial reporting among countries.
SIGNIFICANCE OF BALANCE SHEET
A balance sheet provides you with a quick overview of your company's financial situation at any given timeA balance sheet, together with an income statement and a cash flow statement, may aid business leaders in assessing the financial health of their organisation.A balance sheet provides you with a quick overview of your company's financial situation at any given time.To learn more about balance sheets, Click the links
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a five-year project has an initial fixed asset investment of $315,000, an initial nwc investment of $25,000, and an annual ocf of −$35,000. the fixed asset is fully depreciated over the life of the project and has no salvage value. if the required return is 11 percent, what is this project’s equivalent annual cost, or eac? (a negative answer should be indicated by a minus sign. do not round intermediate calculations and round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)
The project's EAC is -59,979.65 and NPV is -221, 678.6.
What is meant by "Equivalent Annual Cost" (EAC)?The annual cost of owning, running, and maintaining an asset over the course of its life is known as the equivalent annual cost, or EAC. EAC is frequently used by businesses to make capital budgeting decisions since it enables them to compare the cost-effectiveness of different assets with different lifespans.
Depreciation = 315000/5 = 63000
NPV= -(3,15,000 + 25000) + [tex]\frac{-35000 + 63000}{1+0.11}[/tex] + [tex]\frac{-35000 + 63000}{ 1.11^{2}}[/tex] +[tex]\frac{-35000 + 63000}{ 1.11^{3}}[/tex] +
[tex]\frac{-35000 + 63000}{ 1.11^{4}}[/tex] + [tex]\frac{-35000 + 63000}{ 1.11^{5}}[/tex] = -221, 678.6
The project’s equivalent annual cost is:
EAC = [tex]\frac{-221678.6 X 0.11}{(1-1.11)^{-5} }[/tex] = - 59,979.65
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James could also explore the possibilities of financing through a government agency that advises and assists small businesses. This organization is known as.
James might also look into the possibility of financing from a government organization that provides guidance and support to small enterprises. This organization is known as the SBA (Small Business Administration).
Providing capital for investments, purchases, or commercial endeavors is the process of financing. Banks and other financial institutions are in the business of lending money to investors, companies, and people so they can achieve their goals.
The U.S. government's Small Business Administration (SBA) assists the nation's small businesses in order to grow and develop the economy. The SBA has spent much of its time since it was founded in 1953 advising people who want to start and grow their own businesses.
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The complete question is given below
James could also explore the possibilities of financing through a government agency that advises and assists small businesses. This organization is known as
a. SCORE
b. the Better Business Bureau
c. the SBA
d. the DEA
a website offers a place for people to buy and sell emeralds, but information about emeralds can be quite imperfect. the website then enacts a rule that all sellers in the market must pay for two independent examinations of their emerald, which are available to the customer for inspection. 1) how would you expect this improved information to affect demand for emeralds on this website? 2) how would you expect this improved information to affect the quantity of high-quality emeralds sold on the website?
1) In the hypothetical situation, the more accurate information will result in higher demand for emeralds on this website. Customers would be able to distinguish between high-quality and low-quality emeralds as a result. The clients would have the assurance that they are purchasing a high-quality product with this kind of information.
2) There will probably be a greater availability of fine emeralds. This is so that when consumers are confident in the quality of the product, dealers may ask for a greater price for emeralds.
Step 1 of Part (a): Define incomplete information.
Imperfect information occurs when either the buyer or the seller, or both, are uncertain about the features of what they are buying and selling.
Explanation of solution in Part (a) Step 1.
Since clients can now choose the precise grade of gemstones from the vendor, there will be a rise in demand for emeralds on the website as a result of the improved information. Because the vendor will pay for the expense of the gemstone quality inspection, the buyer will also feel secure in the emeralds' quality.
The seller's website screening method will expand the emerald market.
Step 2 of Part (b): Define incomplete information.
When one or both parties are uncertain about the details of what they are buying and selling, it is said that there is incomplete information.
Step 2 of Part (b): Solution explanation.
Since customers will be able to order high-quality gemstones from the merchant thanks to the audit strategy, it is expected that demand for high-quality emeralds will rise on the website as a result of the improved information. The seller will also be able to charge a higher price based on the audit report in order to make significant profits. The purchaser will be willing to pay a higher price because they are confidence in the quality of the item they are purchasing.
The seller's online examination method is probably going to cause the market for high emeralds to soar.
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Suppose the dealer incentive per vehicle for honda’s acura brand is thought to be bell-shaped and symmetrical with a mean of $3,200 and a standard deviation of $200. Based on this information, what interval of dealer incentives would we expect approximately 95% of vehicles to fall within?.
Based on this information, dealer incentives of approximately 95% of the vehicles fall within $2800 and $3600.
This is calculated by using empirical rule.
What is empirical rule?The empirical rule, often referred to as the 68-95-99.7 rule, is a shortcut used in statistics to remember the proportion of values that fall within an interval estimate in a normal distribution: 68%, 95%, and 99.7% of the values fall within one, two, and three standard deviations, respectively. When not all the data is accessible, the empirical rule is typically the main tool used to determine outcomes. When all the data are accessible, it enables statisticians or data analysts to understand where the data will fall. The empirical rule aids in gauging a data set's degree of normality.Therefore, according to empirical law, with a normal distribution, 95% are within two standard deviations.
We have,
Mean = $3,200
Standard deviation = $200
95% = mean ± 2 x standard deviation = 3200 ± (2 x 200) = (2800, 3600)
Hence, dealer incentives of approximately 95% of the vehicles fall within $2800 and $3600.
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determine which of the definitions on the right go with the entity on the left. retailer retailer drop zone empty. wholesaler wholesaler drop zone empty. merchandiser
Answer:
Retailer > An intermediary that buys products from manufacturers or wholesalers and sells them to consumers
Wholesaler > An intermediary that buys products from manufacturers and sells them to retailers
Merchandiser > Earns net income by buying and selling products
Explanation:
Last year, boxer, inc. earned net income of $175,000 and had 50,000 shares of stock outstanding. the dividends per share were $1.19. what is the dividend payout ratio?
Last year, boxer, income earned net income of $175,000 and had 50,000 shares of the stock outstanding. the dividends per share were $1.19, the dividend payout is 34%.
What is net income?Net income refers to amount an individual or business makes after deducting costs, allowances and taxes.
In commerce, net income is what business has left over after all the expenses, including the salary and wages, cost of goods or raw material and taxes. For an individual, the net income is “take-home” money after deductions for the taxes, health insurance and retirement contributions. Net income should ideally be greater than expenditure to be indicative of financial health.
How to calculate net incomeTo calculate net income, take gross income — the total amount of the money earned — then the subtract expenses, such as taxes and interest payments.
For individual, net income is the money you actually get from your paycheck each month rather than the gross amount you get paid before payroll deductions. You may have some other sources of the income such as Social Security checks, side jobs or investment income which can add to your net income.
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what does the greenbook research industry trends (grit) report detail? a. provides insights by contrasting supplier (marketing research firm) views with buyer (client) views on useful types of research methods. b. provides insights on supply-side and client-side pricing issues. c. compares and contrasts different approaches on survey methodologies. d. provides insights by contrasting supplier (marketing research firm) views on issues with buyer (client) views.
Gives information by contrasting the opinions of the customer (the client) and the supplier (a marketing research company) about appropriate categories of research methodologies.
What exactly is an industry-trend green book?
The GRIT (Greenbook Research Business Trends) report, which shows where the market research industry is now, where it's heading in the future, and how you may adapt to these changes, is without a doubt one of the top and most thorough surveys of the sector.
This most recent edition, which has been available annually since 2011, focuses on Q3–Q4 of 2017 and provides a useful and trustworthy picture of the worldwide market research business. You can use it as a tool for strategic planning for the coming year. Here, we take a look at some of the main market research industry trends for this year, as identified by the most recent study.
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are typically embedded in unique routines and practices that have evolved and accumulated over time such as effective work teams. group of answer choices organizational capabilities reputational resources intangible resources tangible resources
Intangible resources are typically embedded in unique routines and practices that have evolved and accumulated over time such as effective work teams.
What are Intangible resources?
The resources a company has that cannot be transported or handled, like equipment or physical property, are referred to as intangible assets. Patents, trademarks, copyrights, goodwill, and other intangible assets are among them. Despite the fact that they aren't tangible objects that you can touch, they have a lot of worth for your company. You must identify, oversee, and amortise your intangible assets as a business owner.The resources a company holds that are not physical but nonetheless have real value are known as intangible assets. Intellectual property owned by a company, such as music, designs, trademarks, software licences, motion pictures, client lists, and franchises, is a typical example of an intangible asset.These are the assets that an organisation develops over time as a result of specific practises and routines.To know more about Intangible resources visit:
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5 . calculating percentage change transcript on april 1, the price of gas at bob’s corner station was $3.70 per gallon. on may 1, the price was $4.20 per gallon. on june 1, it was back down to $3.70 per gallon. between april 1 and may 1, bob’s price increased by , or . between may 1 and june 1, bob’s price decreased by , or . suppose that at a gas station across the street, prices are always 20% higher than bob’s. in absolute dollar terms, the difference between bob’s prices and the prices across the street is when gas costs $4.20 than when gas costs $3.70. some economists blame high commodity prices (including the price of gas) on interest rates being too low. suppose the fed raises the target for the federal funds rate from 2% to 2.5%. this change of percentage points means that the fed raised its target by approximately .
Between April 1 and May 1, Bob’s price increased by:- $4.20 -$3.70 = $0.5
Or (0.5)/3.7 =13.51%
Between may 1 and june 1, bob’s price decreased by , or . suppose that at a gas station across the street, prices are always 20% higher than bob’s.
Between May 1 and June 1, Bob’s price decreased by:- $4.20 -$3.70 = $0.5
Or (0.5)/4.2 =11.9%
The relationship between two pieces of data is described using percentages and percentage points. A percentage point measures the actual amount of change, whereas a percent refers to the pace of change.
2.5%- 2% = 0.5% ,this change of 0.5 percentage points means that fed has raised its target by approximately 0.5/2 =25%
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The loanable funds theory categorizes all market participants (consumers, businesses, governments, and foreign participants) as net _________ or _________ of funds.
The loanable funds theory categorizes all market participants (consumers, businesses, governments, and foreign participants) as net suppliers or demanders of funds.
What is the loanable funds theory?The theory describes that the loanable funds are all the income that individuals and organizations have decided to save and loan out rather than spend on consumption. The loanable funds theory is based on the market's interest rates and the various components that they influence, hence a Supply and demand are discussed as the key parts of this theory.
In conclusion, the theory mainly categorizes all market participants (consumers, businesses, governments, and foreign participants) as net suppliers or demanders of funds.
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The _____ stated that not only would the united states prohibit non-american intervention in latin american affairs, but it would also police the area and guarantee that latin american nations met their international obligations.
The Monroe Doctrine stated that not only could us limit non-American intervention in Latin American affairs, however, it would additionally police the location and guarantee that Latin American nations met their international responsibilities.
Police usually are accountable for keeping public order and protection, enforcing the regulation, and stopping, detecting, and investigating crook activities. those features are called policing.
Police officers should constantly be capable of working under stress, preserving composure, and having sound judgment and choice-making capabilities at some point in times of need. They ought to be able to reason, weigh the consequences, and remember options, before choosing the maximum logical path of movement.
The total shape of POLICE is Public officers for legal Investigations and crook Emergencies. they're uniformed folks who are chargeable for maintaining regulation and order intact. they are a set of employees who are there to put in force legal guidelines, to save you any type of civil sickness, keep lives and punish criminals.
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What is the difference between equality of opportunity and equality of condition.
There are many differences between equality of opportunity and equality of condition. Few of them are listed below:
Equality of opportunity
Equal opportunity, also called equality of opportunity in political theory, the idea that people should be able to compete on equal terms or "level playing field" for favored positions and positions.
Proponents of equal opportunity believe that this principle is compatible with and indeed can justify certain inequalities in outcome, but there is considerable disagreement about the extent and which inequalities it justifies and how it does so.
Equality of condition
Equality of condition (Lynch & Baker, 2005) is “the belief that people should be as equal as possible in relation to the central conditions of their lives” (p. 132). Those who strive for equality of conditions aim to equalize the possibilities of people in a given situation.
Inequality can occur in education when teachers evaluate their students without considering the five dimensions of a level playing field: resources; respect and recognition; love, care and solidarity; Power supply; and work and learn.
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think about a 5-year annuity with a positive payment and discount rate. in an ordinary case, the first payment would occur one year from now and the fifth payment would occur five years from now. what would happen to the present value if the payments were shifted such that the first payment occurs today and the fifth occurs four years from today?
PV would be increased if the present value if the payments were shifted such that the first payment occurs today and the fifth occurs four years from today.
How PV should be calculated?PV of ordinary annuity = Amount[tex]*[(1-((1+r)^-n))/r)[/tex]
PV of annuity due = Amount + (Amount[tex]*[(1-((1+r)^-(n-1)))/r))[/tex]
Now, we can take an example to know what would happen to the present value if the payments were shifted such that the first payment occurs today and the fifth occurs four years from today:
We will take
Amount = 200
Interest rate (r) = 8%
Years (n) = 5
Solving both the annuities:
PV of ordinary annuity = 200*[(1-((1+8%)^-5))/8%) = 798.5
PV of annuity due = Amount + (200*[(1-((1+8%)^-(5-1)))/8%)) = 862.4
We can see that if the payments were shifted such that the first payment occurs today and the fifth occurs four years from today that is a situation of PV of an annuity due then the PV would increase.
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