This paper reviews the pertinent literature from 1970 to 2020 and presents a bibliometric analysis of research trends in the application of solid-state fermentation in the bioprocessing of agro-industrial wastes.
What is agro-industrial wastes?Bioactive chemicals and nutrients abound in agro-industrial wastes and residues. As a result, they should be viewed as "raw material" rather than "wastes" for other industrial operations because such wastes have a variety of constituents, including proteins, carbohydrates, and minerals. As a result of the presence of such nutrients in these wastes, bacteria might flourish under favorable conditions. Through fermentation processes, the microbes may be able to utilise the waste as a source of new raw resources for growth.
In SSF methods for the creation of a variety of substantial useful compounds, the agro-industrial wastes can be utilized as a reliable support. Trash products from the agricultural and agro-based industries can lower production costs and contribute to waste recycling, which helps to protect the environment.
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you have a beaker in which there is a 0.85% sodium solution on one side of a semi-permeable membrane and a 3% sodium solution on the other side of a semi-permeable membrane. in this beaker, there is a(n)
Water will move to the side of the beaker where 3% sodium solution is present from the side where 0.85% sodium solution is present to dilute the sodium on the side of 3% solution through semi-permeable membrane.
What is semi-permeable membrane?
Only some molecules can flow across a semipermeable membrane, which prevents the passage of other molecules. In essence, a semipermeable barrier serves as a filter. Different kinds of semipermeable membranes can filter out molecules of different sizes. A biological or synthetic material can be used to create a semipermeable membrane.
Diffusion is the overall transfer of anything (such as atoms, ions, molecules, or energy) from a region of higher concentration to one of lower concentration. Diffusion is fueled by a gradient in the chemical potential or Gibbs free energy. It is possible for molecules to diffuse "uphill" from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration, similar to spinodal breakdown.
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Select the chemical in an energy blend that has a strong influence on the processing of energy nutrients
Carbohydrates are a chemical in an energy mix that has a strong influence on energy nutrient processing
What are Energy Nutrients?Its main function is to provide energy to cells. The food groups with this type of nutrients are: carbohydrates and lipids. Carbohydrates: responsible for providing at least 50% of energy for our body. That's why it's so dangerous to practice a protein-based diet.
What are energy carbohydrates?Carbohydrates are called carbohydrates or sugars. Carbohydrates have an energetic and structural function and are part of the formation of nucleic acids.Carbohydrates have energy function, structural function and participate in the formation of nucleic acids. Carbohydrates can be classified as monosaccharides, disaccharides or polysaccharides, with monosaccharides being the simplest carbohydrates. Glucose is the best-known monosaccharide.
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You observe an object outdoors that grows larger when it is raining and moves in the wind. How do you know if this object is alive?
A.
You need to observe it eating.
B.
You already know it's alive because it moves.
C.
You need to observe all of the characteristics of life, not just some of them.
D.
You need to come back next week and see if it has reproduced or grown more.
You can know if this object is alive by observing all of the characteristics of life, not just some of them and is therefore denoted as option C.
What is a Living thing?These are the organisms which possess life and are able to perform some characteristics such as movement, reproduction etc. Living things comprises of plants, animals and other forms according to their different features.
All living organisms are able to move, reproduce, respire etc which is why all of the characteristics of life, not just some of them should be observed and is the reason why option C was chosen.
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The triplet codes needed to specify a specific polypeptide chain are found in the.
Answer:The answer is gene.
Explanation:Please give brainliest if right.
how can cells benefit from diffusion
Answer: Cells depend on diffusion to get the nutrients they need to develop and obtain energy as well as to rid themselves of waste materials.
Hope this helped! :)
Which is true?
1. Half f the moon is always in shadow and half is always illluminated (lighted)
or
2. The phases of the moon are caused by the shadow of earth
Answer:
The phases of the moon are caused by the shadow of earth
A biologist discovers a new signal transduction pathway in fruit flies that involves a protein kinase cascade. As part of a grant proposal he writes to obtain funding for further work on this pathway, the biologist proposes research to look for phosphatase enzymes. Why?.
Phosphatases are regulators of signal transduction pathways.
The biologist must find the enzymes that control the signaling cascade by removing phosphate groups from molecules. Protein phosphatases can act as both immediate and delayed signal transduction regulators, attenuating or boosting signaling.
Protein kinases and phosphatases are enzymes that catalyze the transfer of phosphate from one substrate to another. A protein kinase catalyzes the -phosphate transfer from ATP (or GTP) to its protein substrates, whereas a protein phosphatase catalyzes the phosphate transfer from a phosphoprotein to a water molecule. Despite the fact that both families of enzymes are phosphotransferases, they catalyze opposite processes to modify the structures and activities of numerous prokaryotic cellular proteins and eukaryotic cells.
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how is the energy stored in polysaccharides mobilised?
Plants store carbohydrates in long polysaccharides chains called starch, while animals store carbohydrates as the molecule glycogen. These large polysaccharides contain many chemical bonds and therefore store a lot of chemical energy.
Since these large polysaccharides have many chemical bonds, they can store a lot of chemical energy. Whenever these compounds are decomposed all through metabolic activities, the energy in the chemical bonds is released and can be used by cells.
What is a polysaccharide?Polysaccharides are important types of biomolecules. They are long chains of carbohydrate molecules made up of many smaller monosaccharides.
Many polysaccharides are used by organisms to store energy. While energy-producing enzymes only work on monosaccharides stored in polysaccharides, polysaccharides generally fold together and they may contain many monosaccharides in a dense area.
The high energy carbon-hydrogen covalent bonds between the monomers in a polysaccharide store the energy.
The breaking of these bonds is what causes the energy used to generate ATP to be released. The higher the energy content of the polysaccharide, the more of these bonds there are.
Thus, this way, the energy stored in polysaccharides is mobilized.
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Explain why both magnification and resolution are important in order to see a microscopic organism.
Both magnification and resolution are important to see a microscopic organism so as to obtain both an enlarged as well as clear image of the organism.
Magnification is the ability of the microscope to enlarge or zoom the image of the specimen. The power of magnification varies in each type of microscope. The electron microscopes have the highest magnification power.
Resolution is the ability of microscope to distinguish between two closely placed points. The better a microscope can differentiate more is its resolution power and higher is its image clarity. Hence both magnification and resolution are necessary for an enlarged and clear image.
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I am a fruit with high water content. People serve me at picnics and barbecues in the summer. i am a low calorie fruit with Vitamin C. What Plant Am I?
Answer:
It may be Orange or Guava
A good research or experiment in science must be reproducible, otherwise, the outcome of such an experiment might become inadmissible within the scientific community. It is a core principle of the scientific method that similar results should be obtained when an experiment or observational study conducted in one place is repeated in another place with the same procedure. Hence, an experiment must be reproducible in science in order for the outcome of such an experiment to be part of the general scientific knowledge. tant to our society? Explain your answer.
Answer: Reproducibility is essential to science because it allows for more thorough research while replicability confirms our results. Many studies and experiments exist, leading to many different variables, unknowns, and things out of your control or that you cannot guarantee.
Explanation:
The group of bacteria that lack rigid cell walls and take on irregular shapes is: ____.
a. rickettsias
b. chlamydias
c. mycoplasma
d. mycobacteria
the answer is mycoplasmas
Two pure-breeding mutant plants produce white flowers. When they are crossed, all of the progeny have wild-type purple flowers. What does this genetic complementation tell you?.
We can infer from the genetic complementarity that more than one gene is involved in phenotypic determination.
Offspring of two different organisms with homozygous recessive mutations exhibit wild-type traits due to genetic complementation. The interaction of two different strains of an organism with homozygous recessive mutations that produce the same trait but do not occur on the same (homologous) gene is referred to as complementation. The progeny display the wild-type phenotype when two organisms with different homozygous recessive mutations that result in the same mutant phenotype mate or cross.
Two pure-breeding mutant plants producing white flowers gave birth to progeny that were wild-type purple blossoms, proving that more than only the white genes are involved in the production of color phenotypes. That is, phenotypic variation is regulated by a recessive gene despite the fact that neither parent expresses this gene.
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The prefix that is added to the word autotroph to denote organisms which can use inorganic compounds in the environment to fix carbon dioxide with hydrogen atoms to make sugar is.
The prefix that is added to the word autotroph to denote organisms which can use inorganic compounds in the environment to fix carbon dioxide with hydrogen atoms to make sugar is 'litho'.
The term autotrophs refer to organisms that can make their own food. When we add the prefix 'litho' before autotrophs then the term becomes 'lithoautotrophs'.
In the field of science, lithoautotrophs can be described as a type of autotrophic microorganisms that get their required energy from inorganic substrates such as carbon dioxide. In this manner, they also fix carbon dioxide in the environment. The lithoautotrophs carry out such reactions that they take in carbon dioxide and release hydrogen. In this way, they fix carbon dioxide. Sugar, in the form of glucose, is produced also in this reaction which the lithoautotrophs use for carrying out other functions.
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i very really need help
Viruses and bacteria can infect human cells. Bacteria are living organisms, while viruses are not. How do you think the treatment for viral and bacterial illnesses differ? How do you think they affect healthy body cells? Explain your response.
which of the following statements about infertility are correct
''The infertility is the failure in which the female can not be able to get pregnant after 1 year.'' is the correct statement about infertility.
Which statement about infertility is correct?Infertility is defined as the failure of the reproductive system which maybe in male or it maybe in female. Due to the infertility the female can not be get pregnant after the 12 months. The infertility is very common disease in the male caused by problems in the ejection of semen. The cause of the infertility maybe due to the slow movement of sperm, absence or low level of sperm. Medicines and drugs maybe the cause of infertility. PCOS is the most common cause of the infertility in the females. Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) occurs when a woman's ovaries stop working normally before she is 40.
So we can conclude that ''The infertility is the failure in which the female can not be able to get pregnant after 1 year.'' is the correct statement about infertility.
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What term is used to describe the pattern of base pairing between one dna strand and its partner in a duplex?.
Complementary term is used to describe the pattern of base pairing between one dna strand and its partner in a duplex.
The alignment of the nitrogenous bases in the DNA molecules is known as complementary base pairing.Double-stranded DNA is also known as duplex DNA. This indicates that two DNA sequences' nucleotides have joined forces and then coil to form a double helix. This double-stranded form makes it easier for genetic material to be duplicated in a stable manner, which is necessary for cell division.Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer made of two polynucleotide chains that coil around one another to form a double helix and which contains the genetic material necessary for all known creatures, including many viruses, to develop, function, grow, and reproduce.To learn more about DNA.
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The body performs many processes that depend upon energy and could not occur without a supply of atp. How does the energy from atp power the cellular reactions?.
The body performs many processes that depend upon energy and could not occur without a supply of ATP. ATP powers cellular reactions by y transferring a phosphate group to another molecule in a process known as phosphorylation.
ATP also known as adenosine triphosphate is a molecule that is found in the cells of living organisms. ATP releases energy to start the different cellular processes. It itself stores energy from the breakdown of food.
It does not exactly store the energy but acts as a source of transport to deliver energy where it is required within the cell. It also provides energy energy releasing reactions but need a little energy to initiate.
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Guyss plss I need your help
Creating a planet: Fill up the data needed in your created planet.
My planet is called__________. It is located in the_________. The weather is_________ it would have________ kinds of organisms. The individual who live there are called _________.
The individual look like this (drawing)
The planet looks like this (drawing)
My planet is earth and it has many characteristics which make it suitable for living.
My planet is called EARTH. It is located in SPACE. The weather is SEASONAL so it would have MULTIPLE kinds of organisms. The individual who lives there is called HUMANS, ANIMALS, and PLANTS.
The earth is the third largest planet in the world occupying the mass land percentage filled with water mostly about 79% and the remaining part is composed of land and plants and animals and humans.
The earth is very suitable for living and having a life because there are many different seasons on the earth which favor a variety of organisms whether in form of plants or animals and also provide a large land area for the survival of the animals and plants and the earth is divided into 3 layers as core which is the innermost layer and mantle which is in between and crust which is the surface layer and its variety of mountains, volcanoes, oceans, canyons, plains, rivers, streams and plateaus and also it provides plenty of oxygen for breathing purposes and earth gravity is uniform and doesn't change very often so this planet also provides stability and there are 7 continents on the earth which are Asia, Austrailia, Europe, Antarctica, Africa, North America, and South America.
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The mutational mechanism that results in the production of antibodies that bind antigen with higher affinity is called _____.
Answer:The answer is Somatic hypermutation.
In plant cells, food is stored in the form of starch, fat or __________.
please can i have help on this science question
Protein is the correct answer
Please help!
How could patenting a gene affect the progress of science?
How could patenting a gene affect society?
What is gene ownership? When is gene ownership ethical?
Patenting a gene may affect scientific progress by hampering research investigations and they also affect society, while the expression of gene ownership makes reference to this patent process, which has been considered unethical in many different countries.
What does DNA ownership mean?The term 'DNA ownership ' can be defined as the process of patenting a gene for commercial and/or research purposes, which is considered unethical because it hampers the investigations of such nucleotide sequences.
In conclusion, patenting a gene may affect scientific progress by hampering research investigations and they also affect society, while the expression of gene ownership makes reference to this patent process, which has been considered unethical in many different countries.
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Which statements did both Aristotle and Ptolemy assume? Select two options.
From the point of view of evolution of living organisms, which of the following set of animals is a correct sequence of evolution?
Answer:
Shark — Tortoise — Otter
Explanation:
Scientific Method Mini Project
Use steps 1,2 and 3 of the scientific method to work towards finding a solution for the observation below.
You observed the following event:
While sitting in the park on a quiet summer day, you noticed large flocks of birds flying away from the city.
Write your answers at the bottom of this page. Number each step and give it the appropriate title. Save it on your device, then upload it into TEAMS Assignment.
***Be sure that step 3, your possible solution, is only based on the information that was collected in step 2.
Answer:
The scientific method is something you probably use in your life more often than you realize, often without even thinking of it.
What is role of science in daily life?
Science has day to day contribution in our life. It is involved in breathing, exhaling, brushing of teeth, cooking, bathing etc. It developed the standard of livings.
Fasting is the very beneficial health practice followed from ancient times. In India, it is also consider as religious practice from ancient times and they scientifically proved good for health.
I will choose fasting as it improve overall fitness, blood sugar management, improve immunity and detoxify the body. By doing so, my health get improved and my body get detoxify naturally.
Explanation:
When genes are on different chromosomes, what percentage of gametes produced by a double heterozygous individual will be recombinant?.
50% percentage of gametes produced by a double heterozygous individual will be recombinant.
Describe a gamete:A zygote is a sexual cell of a plants or animals. Animals' male and female gametes are referred to as sperm and ova, respectively. Each ova and sperm cell carries one copy of each chromosome, making them haploid cells. A sperm and an ovum combine during fertilization to create a fresh diploid creature.
How are gametes created?A germ cell divides into two parts during meiosis (reduced division), which results in the production of four gametes. A diploid (i.e., containing paired chromosomes) zygote is produced during fertilization by combining the male and female gametes.
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From which tissue does a fingernail derive?
a) epidermis
b) dermis
c) hypodermis
d) smooth
e) muscle
From epidermis tissue, a fingernail is derived Option A
This is further explained below.
What is epidermis tissue?Generally, The epidermis is composed of a variety of cell types, including the following: Keratinocytes are responsible for the production of the protein keratin, which is the primary constituent of the epidermis.
Keratinocytes may be found in the epidermis. Melanocytes: Melanocytes are responsible for the production of melanin, the pigment found in your skin.
Langerhans cells: Langerhans cells are responsible for preventing foreign substances from penetrating the skin.
In conclusion, The tissue of the epidermis is what gives rise to a fingernail.
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Which taxonomic domain includes multicellular photosynthetic organisms? see concept 1.2 (page)
Eukarya taxonomic domain includes multicellular photosynthetic organisms.
Multicellular organisms classified as Eukarya include the kingdom Plantae and several types of algae, which can manufacture their own sustenance when exposed to light. Eukarya include protists, which are single-celled organisms like microalgae, as well as well-known plants, animals, and fungi. Their cells have a membrane-based internal structure, and the DNA is maintained in a nucleus.
All living things fall within the domain super kingdom category in the current classification system. Three major categories make up the domain. These are:
1. Archaea
Prokaryotes are classified as archaea, although they differ from bacteria in that their plasma membranes contain several types of lipids. The cell wall of archaea contains many forms of RNA but lacks peptidoglycan.
2. Microbes
It also includes single-cell prokaryotes, however, they differ from archaea in that they have different cell walls, RNA, and plasma membrane lipids.
3. Eukarya
It includes all monocellular and multicellular eukaryotes.
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If heavy exercise produces lots of co2 in the body, will the blood become more acid or more basic?.
If heavy exercise produces lots of co2 in the body, will the blood become more so they breathe faster to prevent the blood from becoming too acidic.
The two main organs that control the pH of the blood are the kidneys and the lungs, frequently both at once. The cells of the body include numerous chemical buffering systems. Through the act of exhaling carbon dioxide, which can occasionally result in changes within seconds, the lungs can quickly help adjust blood pH. For instance, when exercising, a person produces more carbon dioxide and so breathes more quickly to keep the blood from getting excessively acidic.By excreting acids in urine, the kidneys control the blood's pH. Additionally, they generate and control bicarbonate, which raises the pH of the blood. These changes could take hours or days, taking longer than those brought on by breathing.To learn more about blood.
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