Differences in the melting point and pKa values between the maleic (Z- or cis-isomer) and fumaric (E- or trans-isomer) acid stem from differing in the orientation of carboxylic groups around the double bond.
Fumaric acid has a much higher melting point (287 degrees Celsius) than maleic acid (135 degrees Celsius). This is because maleic acid forms an intramolecular H-bond between the two carboxylic groups (due to their proximity to one another), which means that it cannot form such a bond with other molecules, weakening the intermolecular interactions and lowering the melting point.
Fumaric acid has pKa values of 3.03 and 4.44, while the values for maleic acid are 1.9 and 6.07. This means that the maleic acid will much more easily lose the first proton, but then lose the other one with more difficulty. This is again due to the proximity of the two carboxylic groups. The first proton is easily lost because upon its leave, the remaining one is bound through an additional H-bond to the other carboxylic group, making it more difficult to remove.
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HELP PLEASE!!!! Nitrogen has two isotopes, N-14 and N-15, with masses of 14.0031 amu and 15.001 amu respectively. If the atomic mass of nitrogen is 14.00674 amu, what is the abundance of each isotope? I
(If there is any work please include that in your answer so I get credit thank you)
The atomic mass of an element is a weighted average of its isotopes in which the sum of the abundance of each isotope is equal to 1 or 100%.
Let fraction of N-15 be x
then fraction of N-14 = 1-x
Formula for Calculating Isotope:
15.001x + 14.00031(1-x)=14.0067
on calculation:
x = 0.006403
so, % = 0.006403 x 100 = 0.6403 %
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Use the vent diagram below to identify where the listed characteristics belong.
The protons and neutrons' properties are depicted in the vent diagram.
Venn diagram :
The visual representation of information is represented by a Venn diagram. The proton and neutron are depicted in the provided Venn diagram.
The positive charge of a proton. The nucleus contains both protons and neutrons. The identity of the atom is determined by the proton.
Neutrons have a neutral charge. It contributes to the mass of the atom.
Therefore, The protons and neutrons' properties are depicted in the vent diagram.
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calculate the force of attraction in n between a cation with a valence of 2 and an anion with a valence of 3 the centers of which are separated by a distance of 6.9 nm
The force of attraction in between a cation with a valence of 2 and an anion with a valence of 3 would be 1.5 x [tex]10^{-10}[/tex] N.
Force of attractionAccording to Coulomb's law constant,
k = 9 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2
The magnitude of the charge of an electron is
e= 1.6 x 10^9 C
The magnitude of the electric force (F) between the cation and the anion is given by
F = k Q^2/d^2
= k 2e^2/d^2
= (9 x 10^9 Nm^2/C^2) x 10^9 x {2x (1.6 x 10^-19)^2}/ (2.5)^2
= 1.5 x 10^-10 N
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When purified cytochrome oxidase is exposed to cyanide, the cyanide binds reversibly and with high affinity to the enzyme’s active site. What will be the likely outcome if mitochondria are exposed to high levels of cyanide?.
The likely outcome if mitochondria are exposed to high levels of cyanide will be that the cyanide will prevent movement of electrons along the electron transport chain.
The majority of the chemical energy required to drive a cell's metabolic operations is produced by mitochondria, which are membrane-bound cell organelles (mitochondrion, singular). Adenosine triphosphate, a tiny molecule, serves as a storage container for the chemical energy generated by the mitochondria (ATP).
More than 90% of the energy in your body's cells is produced by mitochondria, which act as batteries in the cells. In high-energy-demanding organs including your heart, liver, muscles, and brain, mitochondria play a critical role. Mitochondria make about 25% of liver cells and 40% of heart muscle cells, respectively.
The unique compartments (organelles) in human cells called mitochondria are well recognised for acting as energy producers by disassembling food molecules and producing ATP, a fuel for the remainder of the cell
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The complete question is ''When purified cytochrome oxidase is exposed to cyanide, the cyanide binds reversibly and with high affinity to the enzyme's active site. What will be the likely outcome if mitochondria are exposed to high levels of cyanide?
A. The cyanide will prevent movement of electrons along the electron transport chain.
B. The cyanide will block movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
C. The cyanide will inhibit transfer of electrons from NADH to initiate electron transport.
D. The cyanide will prevent oxygen from reaching the mitochondrial matrix.
An organism that gets electrons from h2 and makes its own organic carbon from carbon dioxide is classified as a?
Answer:
Chemoheterotrophs
Explanation:
they use organic chemical substances AKA perform chemosynthesis. Many microscopic organisms do this.
If your heart beats at a rate of 72 times per minute and your lifetime will be 70 years, how many times will your heart beat during your lifetime?
Answer:
2,649,024,000
Explanation:
Multiply 72*60*24*365*70
the volume of water in a 100 ml graduated cylinder was recorded by several student in a group. their recorded volumes are similar, but vary by 0.01 ml
The volume of water in a 100ml graduated cylinder was recorded by several students in a group . thier recorded volumes are similar , but vary by 0.01 ml , this variation shows the uncertainty in measurements.
Uncertainty is defined as the quantification of the doubt about the measurement result. Error is the difference between a measurement result and the measured value and uncertainty describes the reliability of assertion that stated measurement result represents value of measured.
The marking on a 100 ml of graduated cylinder are every 1 ml . so the volume can be measured to the accuracy of ±0.01 ml .
Thus,The volume of water in a 100ml graduated cylinder was recorded by several students in a group . thier recorded volumes are similar , but vary by 0.01 ml , this variation shows the uncertainty in measurements.
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an atom is in its lowest energy state, or state, when its electrons are in the lowest possible energy levels. if an electron moves to a higher energy state the atom is said to be in a(n) state.
An atom's ground state is its lowest energy conceivable state, in which all of its electrons are at their lowest possible energy levels.
What degree of energy does an atom contain?The energy levels of the atoms match the rows of the Periodic List of Elements when you look at it. The last electrons of the two elements on the top row, hydrogen and helium, are filling their initial energy level.
The second energy level of the eight components in the second row is being filled. The chemical characteristics of an element are determined by its outermost electrons.
Starting with the level nearest to the nucleus, the energy levels were built up. By using the Aufbau Principle, electrons are filled in by moving from the initial lowest-energy level to a second, slightly higher energy level, and finally to the third, even higher energy level.
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About 10% of the water enters the atmosphere through
A bottle filled to the 25 mL mark contains 75 g of bromine. What is the density of the bromine?
Lesson 1, proportys of matter
Answer:Mass, weight, and volume
Explanation:All matter has certain properties that define it. There are six major physical properties. In order for us to measure or observe them, we do not need to change the composition of the substance. The six physical properties are color, density, volume, mass, boiling point, and melting point.
please help me consider the value of A with significant figures
Answer:
11.5 okkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk chutita
The road is 6 kilometers long. How
long is the road in meters?
Answer: It is 6000 meters
Explanation:
You multiply the length value by 1000
A student, Ken, is given a mixture containing two nitrate compounds . The mixture includes NaNO3 and Ca(NO3)2 . The mixture is 73.68% NO3 is by mass. What is the mass percent of NaNO3 in the mixture?
The mass percent of NaNO₃ in the mixture of the nitrate compounds 35.93 %.
What is the mass percent of NaNO₃ in a mixture of two nitrate compounds which includes NaNO₃ and Ca(NO₃)₂?The mass percent of NaNO₃ in a mixture of two nitrate compounds which includes NaNO₃ and Ca(NO₃)₂ is calculated as follows:
Mass percent of NO₃ = 73.68%
The number of parts of NO₃ in the mixture is 3 parts; 2 parts from Ca(NO₃)₂ and 1 part from NaNO₃.
1 part NO₃ = 73.68 %/3 = 24.56 %
Ca + Na = 100 - 73.8 = 26.2 %
molar mass of Ca = 40
molar mass of Na = 23
mass percent of Na = 23 * 26.2/53
mass percent of Na = 11.37 %
mass percent of NaNO₃ = 11.37 % + 24.56 %
mass percent of NaNO₃ = 35.93 %
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1. Based on our lab to find the volume of objects, which object had the greatest volume?
The cube, rectangular prism, cylinder, cone, pyramid, and sphere are the fundamental geometric shapes for which volume formulas are known.
Which object had the largest volume?An object's volume is the amount of space it occupies. Cubic meters are used to measure large volumes (m3). Cubic centimeters (cm3) or cubic millimeters are used to measure smaller volumes (mm3). For instance, a cup is said to have a 100 ml capacity if its brim can carry 100 ml of water used to describe volume. The 3-dimensional space inhabited by matter or encircled by a surface is measured by its volume.
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Explain the meaning of crude oil and petro chemicals
Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons whereas Petrochemicals are made primarily from hydrocarbons but also from other chemical substances.
A mixture of hydrocarbons known as crude oil is one that is found in naturally occurring subsurface reservoirs in the liquid phase and continues to be liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating equipment.Heating oils, gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels, lubricants, ethane, propane, and butane, as well as numerous other products utilised for their energy or chemical content, are all produced from crude oil through refinement.Crude oil is among the most significant fuel sources globally and historically made for more than a third of the world's energy use.Chemicals derived from petroleum and crude oil are known as petrochemicals.Olefins and aromatics are two categories for petrochemicals, which are substances made from petroleum.Products made from petrochemicals range in complexity from explosives to something as basic as plastic carry bags.Learn more about hydrocarbons here:
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I in Ca(IO3)2 is ?
Answer
And workout
Ca(IO3)2 is Calcium iodate
I in Ca(IO3)2 is Iodate.
The oxidation number of O in Ca(IO3)2 is -2. The oxidation number of I in Ca(IO3)2 is +5. The oxidation number of Ca in Ca(IO3)2 is +2. The oxidation state is the atom's charge after ionic approximation of its bonds. The oxidation number of H is +1 when combined with more electronegative elements (e.g. non-metals) it is -1 in when combined with less electronegative elements (e.g. metals).
Calcium iodates are inorganic compound composed of calcium and iodate anion. Two forms are known, anhydrous Ca(IO3)2 and the monohydrate Ca(IO3)2(H2O).
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Polyacrylamide is a water-soluble polymer whose aqueous solution containing 25 g/l develops an osmotic pressure of 0. 54 torr at 25◦c. Find the approximate molecular weight of the polymer sample.
draw the major organic product formed from the formation of acebutolol with hcl. acebutolol is a β blocker used to treat high blood pressure. omit any inorganic counterions.
The major organic product formed from the formation of acebutolol with hcl is show in the picture.
Organic products are the compounds containing carbon to nitrogen, oxygen and halogen bonds.
Acebutolol hydrochloride is a selective, hydrophilic beta-adrenoreceptor blocker with mild intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, used in the treatment of patients with hypertension and ventricular arrhythmias.
It is a white, off-white powder which is freely soluble in water and slightly less soluble in alcohol, used to trat heart problems.Acebutolol is a β--blocker used to treat high blood pressure as it provides low grade β simulation when sympathetic activity is high.Chemical name for Acebutolol HCL is C₁₈H₂₈N₂O₄ · HClTo know more about organic product,
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The actual temperature of a refrigerator is 37 deg f the tested temperature in deg f 39.1, 39.2, 39.2, 39.2, and 39.2 respectively this distribution shows
The actual temperature of refrigerator is 37°C and the tested temperature in °F 39.1, 39.2, 39.2, 39.2 and 39.2 respectively , this distribution show the Low accuracy and High precision.
Accuracy is defined as the , degree of closeness of the measured values to the actual value. In the given case the actual value is 37 °F and the measued values in °F are 39.1, 39.2, 39.2, 39.2, and 39.2, so here its shows the bad accuracy.
Precision is defined as the , closeness of measurements to each other measured values. Like in given case the measured values in °F are 39.1, 39.2, 39.2, 39.2 ans 39.2 , so, here there is a closeness in measured value so it show good precision .
Therefore,The actual temperature of refrigerator is 37°C and the tested temperature in °F 39.1, 39.2, 39.2, 39.2 and 39.2 respectively , this distribution show the Low accuracy and High precision.
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As the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft headed toward Saturn, it reached speeds of 5.2 kilometers per second. How many meters per minute did it travel at this speed?
The speed in number of meters per minute the spacecraft travel at the speed of 5.2 km per second is 3,12,000 meters per minute.
The speed is 5.2 km per second
We know that 1 kilometer per second is equal to 60000 meter per minute
So converting, we get 5.2×60000= 3,12,000 meters per minute
Conversion of units is the conversion between different units of measurement for the same quantity, typically through multiplicative conversion factors which change the measured quantity value without changing its effects.There is a multiplication factor introduced for the conversion of units through which it is converted.To learn more about unit conversion visit:
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Q+ is an ion of element Q. What has the highest value in the ion?
a. the nucleon number
b. the number of electrons
c. the number of neutrons
d. the proton number
The book says it's (the nucleon number) but I can't seem to know why.
The highest value of the ion is the nucleon number. The correct option is a.
What is nucleon number?The mass number of an element is so named because it represents the total number of protons and neutrons in the element.
The total number of protons and neutrons in an atomic nucleus is known as the mass number, also known as the atomic mass number or nucleon number. It is roughly equivalent to the atomic mass expressed in atomic mass units.
In the given ion Q+, the nucleon number has the highest value in the ion
Thus, the correct option is a.
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Which item can only be observed using some kind of instrument?
1.heat from the Sun
2.the planet Venus
3.a radio signal
4.an earthquake
As you were taking lettuce in the grocery store, you were surprised when water sprinklers suddenly went on, spraying fresh water on the produce. When you got back home, you immersed the lettuce in a salt solution, and within several minutes they became limp and soft. What are the explanations for the spraying procedure in the store, and your observation at home?.
The explanations for the spraying procedure in the store, and your observation at home will be that Lettuce cells are hypertonic to fresh water making them turgid and fresh-looking, but hypotonic to the salt solution, hence plasmolyzed.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which made up 71.53–73.50% of the total fatty acid content, were the main constituents of lettuce. With the exception of myristic and arachidic acids, the biofortified samples' fatty acid composition did not change statistically significantly from that of the control lettuce.
Indian lettuce is a broad term used to describe a number of Asian plants with leaves that differ in size and form. It is also known as the Goose vegetable, Tropical lettuce, Ku mak, Yao mak, Ku Mak Cai, Daun Panjang, and Sawi Rana.
Both taproots and fibrous root systems are possible in lettuce plants. Domesticated species' leaves occur in a variety of hues, ranging from pale green to dark red and purple; variegated kinds have also been created.
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The complete question is ''As you were taking lettuce in the grocery store, you were surprised when water sprinklers suddenly went on, spraying fresh water on the produce. When you got back home, you immersed the lettuce in a salt solution, and within several minutes they became limp and soft. What are the explanations for the spraying procedure in the store, and your observation at home?
A. Lettuce cells are hypotonic to fresh water making them turgid and fresh-looking, but hypertonic to the salt solution, hence plasmolyzed.
B. Lettuce cells are isotonic to fresh water making them turgid and fresh-looking, but hypotonic to the salt solution, hence plasmolyzed.
C. Lettuce cells are isotonic to fresh water making them turgid and fresh-looking, but hypertonic to the salt solution, hence plasmolyzed.
D. Lettuce cells are hypertonic to fresh water making them turgid and fresh-looking, but hypotonic to the salt solution, hence plasmolyzed.
Why is an acid able to produce ions in aqueous solution? assume that the general formula of an acid is given by ha, where a is usually a halogen or oxygen atom.
Acids separate into ions in water or other aqueous solutions. These are in charge of how electricity conducts through them. In the absence of water, acids do not dissociate hydrogen ions. We can therefore state that acids exclusively create ions in watery solutions.
The polar H-A bond breaks due to the attraction between H and the O of water
An aqueous solution is one in which water serves as the solvent. Chemical equations typically illustrate it by adding (aq) to the appropriate chemical formula. For instance, Na +(aq) + Cl might be used to indicate a solution of table salt, or sodium chloride (NaCl), in water (aq).
Aqueous solutions are those in which water serves as the solvent. Even though water is a great solvent, not everything readily dissolves in it.
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a student practicing for cross country meet runs 250 m in 30 s . what is her avarge speed
Answer:
8 1/3 m per second
Explanation:
You divide 250 by 30
Sodium phosphate reacts with sulfuric acid to form sodium sulfate and phosphoric acid. What is the stoichiometric coefficient for sulfuric acid when the chemical equation is balanced using the lowest whole-number stoichiometric coefficients?.
Answer:
dividing the number of moles of each reactant
Explanation:
When sodium (Na) is mixed with water, an explosion takes place. Based on its location on the periodic table, how will potassium (K) behave with water?
a) Potassium is in the same period as sodium and shares similar properties so it will explode.
b) Potassium has the same number of valence electrons as sodium so it will explode in water.
c) Potassium is a non metal but sodium is a metal so potassium will not explode.
d)Potassium is in the same group as sodium so it does not share similar chemical
properties and it will not explode.
Based on the location on the periodic table, potassium has the same number of valence electrons as sodium so it will explode in water (option B).
What is the periodic table?The periodic table is a tabular chart of the chemical elements according to their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties are in the same group (column).
On the periodic table, elements in the same group exhibits the same chemical properties because they possess the same number of valence electrons.
According to this question, when sodium (Na) is mixed with water, an explosion takes place. Since pottasium and sodium are in the same group, it will also explode when in a reaction with water.
Therefore, based on the location on the periodic table, potassium has the same number of valence electrons as sodium so it will explode in water.
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Four transmembrane regions changes conformation as gaba binds. which system is this process describing?
Ligand-gated ion channel is this process describing four transmembrane regions changes conformation as Gaba binds.
What are Gaba?In addition to being a ligand-gated ion channel, the [tex]GABA_A[/tex] receptor ( [tex]GABA_A[/tex] R) is an ionotropic receptor. Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, is its endogenous ligand.
The postsynaptic cell's [tex]GABA_A[/tex] receptor opens up to chloride ions (Cl) and, to a lesser extent, bicarbonate ions (HCO3); this selective permeability is known as the [tex]GABA_A[/tex] receptor.
Depending on the membrane potential and the differential in ionic concentration, this may cause ionic fluxes across the pore. When the receptor is active, Cl will flow into the cell if the membrane potential is greater than the equilibrium potential, sometimes referred to as the reverse potential, for chloride ions.
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A particle went around a circular track of radius 12.0 m. It traveled one and a half revolution in under 29.4 s. What is the distance travelled and the magnitude of displacement of the particle?(in meters)
Answer:
Displacement is the shortest distance travelled from the initial point to the final point. After half revolution the displacement is the length of the diameter which is equal to 2r. Hence the displacement is 2r.