The three processes that change one rock to another are crystallization, metamorphism, and erosion and sedimentation.
The three main elements of the rock cycle are metamorphism, erosion, and crystallization.
Crystallization:
In the earth or on the surface, magma cools and solidifies to form igneous rocks. Crystallization occurs as the magma cools, resulting in the formation of various crystals at various temperatures. For instance, olivine crystallizes from magma at temperatures substantially greater than those at which quartz does.
Sedimentation and Erosion:
Rocks at the surface of the Earth are broken down into smaller bits through weathering. These sediments are moved from one location to another by erosion in the form of running water, ice, and gravity. The accumulating sediment must be crushed and bonded together in order to form a sedimentary rock.
Metamorphism:
A rock undergoes metamorphosis when it is subjected to intense heat and pressure inside the Earth yet does not melt. The rock's texture and mineral makeup may change as a result of metamorphism. A metamorphic rock may therefore have a new mineral composition or structure.
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Need help very fast on this hard question
A sample of baking soda contains 34.48 g of sodium, 1.51 g of hydrogen, 18.02 g of carbon, and 72.00 g of oxygen.
a. What is the total mass of the sample? ______________g
Remember the addition rule for sigfigs
b. What is the percent by mass of each element in baking soda? Remember the sigfig rule for division
Sodium ______________%
Hydrogen ______________%
Carbon ______________%
Oxygen ______________%
Follow sigfig rules for division; answers will be marked incorrect by the computer if you do not use the correct sigfigs in your final answer
Answer:
The total mass is "126.01"
The sodium is "0.2736"
The hydrogen is "1.20"
The carbon is "14.30"
The oxygen is "57.14"
- From my chemistry teacher, we did this in class
the reaction of cr2o3 with silicon metal at high temperatures will make chromium metal. $$ the reaction is begun with 74.00 g of si and 116.00 g of cr2o3.
The limiting reactant is Cr₂O₃ and the left mass of the excess reactant after the reaction is complete is 41.847 grams.
Solution:The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
2Cr₂O₃(s) + 3 Si(s) → 4Cr(l) + 3SiO₂(s)
Moles of Si = Mass Si / Molar mass Si
= 74 g / 28.0855 g/mol
= 2.634 mol
Moles of Cr₂O₃ = Mass Cr₂O₃ / Molar Mass Cr₂O₃
= 116 g / 151.99 g/mol
= 0.763 mol
Since Cr₂O₃ is in a lesser amount, so it is the limiting reactant and hence the excess reactant is Si.
The amount of Si used to reactant with limiting reactant is:
= 116.00 g of Cr₂O₃ ×( 1 mol of Cr₂O₃/ 151.99 g of Cr₂O₃)× (3 mol Si / 2 mol Cr₂O₃) × ( 28.0855 g Si / 1 mol Si)
= 32.153 g Si
Amount of excess reactant(Si) left = 74.00 g - 32.153 g = 41.847 g
So, after the reaction is completed, 41.847 g of excess reactant(Si) is left.
What is a limiting reactant?Another name for a limiting reagent is a limiting reactant. The reactant having the lowest mole for one molecule is known as a limiting reactant or limiting reagent. When the reaction will end is determined by a limiting reactant. It is basically the reactant that is consumed first in a chemical reaction, which limits the amount of product that can be produced. The mole ratios from the balanced chemical equation are used in each of the numerous methods for identifying the limiting reactant.
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The full question is :
"The reaction of Cr₂O₃ with silicon metal at high temperatures will make chromium metal.
2Cr₂O₃(s) + 3 Si(s) → 4Cr(l) + 3SiO₂(s)
The reaction is begun with 74.00 grams of Si and 116.00 grams of Cr₂O₃. What is the limiting reactant? How many grams of the excess reactant is left after the reaction is complete? "
maryann and josh left a cup of ocean water in the sun. When they returned a day later only salt was left in the cup. Which best explains what happened to the ocean water and n the cup?
If Maryann and josh left a cup of ocean water in the sun, when they return a day later and observe only salt in the cup, it could mean that the water has evaporated.
What is evaporation?Evaporation is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase. Evaporation can also be defined as the process in which a liquid or solid is converted into vapour.
Factors affecting evaporation include the following;
The following factors affect the rate of evaporation of a liquid;
TemperatureWind speedSurface areaHumidityWhen a liquid is exposed to large surface area, the rate at which it evaporates will increase.
Thus, if Maryann and josh left a cup of ocean water in the sun, when they return a day later and observe only salt in the cup, it could mean that the water has evaporated.
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Exclusive of compounds with double bonds, four hydrocarbons are constitutional isomers of cis− and trans−1,2−dimethylcyclopropane. Select the names of these four compounds
The names of these constitutional isomers are cyclopentane, methylcyclobutane, ethylcyclopropane, and 1,1-dimethylcyclopropane.
Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formula. This means that they have the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms, with a general formula of:
[tex]C_{5} H_{12}[/tex]
When we consider the possible structures, the first option is cyclopentane, the simplest five-membered ring. When we reduce the ring to four carbons, we have the methylcyclobutane and when we reduce it to three carbons, we can arrange the other two carbons in an ethyl group or we can put two methyl groups on a single carbon atom to get the final two constitutional isomers.
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Those 2 Question say...
1. Which substance is the most soluble at 100°C
and at most at 0°C
PLEASE HELP
Answer:
Water,
Explanation:
Water is one of the best liquids. It has an effect that called van der Waals forces lets geckos stick to stuff, and it's essential for life.
help asap!! will give brainlist!!! 25 Points!!
The solution can still take an additional 30 grams of KCl before the solution becomes saturated.
What is solubility?The term solubility refers to the fact that a substance is able to dissolve in water. In fact we define the solubility of a substance as the amount of a substance that is able to dissolve in a given amount of a solvent.
Thus the solution is made when the solute is dissolved in a solvent. The solubility curve shows the impact of temperature on the solubility of a substance. For some substances, the solubility may even be increased as temperature increases and for some substances, the solubility is decreased as the temperature increases.
If we study the solubility curves, we can see that the solubility of KCl at 80 degrees Celsius is 50g/100gH2O. This implies that if we dissolve about 20 grams of the solid KCl in 100g of water at 80 degrees, the solution can still take an additional 30 grams of KCl before the solution becomes saturated.
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I need help with this chemistry question.
If the percent by mass of carbon in sucrose is 42.2%, then how many grams of carbon are in a 30.0 g sample of sucrose?
_______________ g
Use the correct sigfigs in your answer or the computer will mark it incorrect
Answer:
12.66g
Explanation:
42.2% of 30.0g
=42.2/100 * 30.0
=0.422*30.0
12.66g
4 a Write a word equation for the reaction of lithium with
water.
b The pH of the water changes. Why?
The word equation for the reaction of lithium with water is:
Lithium + Water → Lithium hydroxide + Hydrogen
The pH of water changes due to the solution being basic because of the dissolved hydroxide.
Due to its lower density than water, lithium floats on the surface while fizzing and emitting hydrogen gas. It gradually transforms into a colorless solution of lithium hydroxide and disintegrates.
In this reaction, 2 moles of Li react with 2 moles of water to form 2 moles of LiOH and 1 mole of hydrogen gas.
Therefore, the correct equation is
2Li + 2H₂O→ 2LiOH + H₂
As, before the pH of water is nearly neutral but with the formation of lithium hydroxide which is a strong base the pH changes to basic.
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12. which property of a mixture could be used to tell the difference between a
container of salt water and a container of distilled water?
a. a mixture is not uniform.
b. a mixture contains more than one identifiable particle.
c. a mixture looks different than the pure substances from which it is made.
d. a mixture has different melting and boiling points than the pure substances
from which it is made.
Option (d) a mixture has different melting and boiling points than the pure substances from which it is made.
This property of a mixture can be used to tell the difference between a container of salt water and a container of distilled water as the two given mixtures are homogeneous mixture as they have a uniform composition throughout the substance.
The properties of the mixture i.e. the melting point and boiling point of a mixture vary depending on the particles present in it.The particles of the pure substances in a homogeneous mixture can't get separated due to their small size.The resultant of mixing two pure substances giving a new product without inseparable pure substance is termed as Solution.Therefore the given two mixtures are solution and hence they have different melting and boiling points than the pure substances from which they are made of.
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Scientists have been concerned about a set of industrial chemicals called cfc's (chlorofluorocarbons) because they:____.
Scientists have been concerned about a set of industrial chemicals called CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) because they are harmful to the environment by altering the ozone layer that covers the atmosphere.
What is the ozone layer?The ozone layer is a very tiny layer present in the atmosphere that contains O3 molecules, which serve to absorb the radiation of UV rays, and this layer can be damaged by CFCs.
In conclusion, scientists have been concerned about a set of industrial chemicals called CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) because they are harmful to the environment by altering the ozone layer that covers the atmosphere.
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When a substance reacts chemically to create a new substance, will that new substance have the same physical and chemical properties as the initial substance? Explain your answer.
When a substance reacts chemically to form a new substance, that new substance will have different physical and chemical properties from the starting substance.
When a chemical change occurs, atoms in substances are recombined to form a new substance. This recombination of atoms creates new substances.
The new substances have a different composition than the composition of the first one.
Since the chemical and physical properties of a substance depend on how atoms are combined in a substance when this combination of atoms changes, the physical and chemical properties of the new substance also vary from those of the starting substance.
Therefore, when a substance reacts chemically to create a new substance, that new substance will have different physical and chemical properties from that of the initial one.
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Sodium phosphate reacts with sulfuric acid to form sodium sulfate and phosphoric acid. What is the stoichiometric coefficient for sulfuric acid when the chemical equation is balanced using the lowest whole-number stoichiometric coefficients?.
When sodium phosphate reacts with sulfuric acid, forming sodium sulfate and phosphoric acid, the stoichiometric coefficient for sulfuric acid in the balanced chemical equation is 3.
In every balanced chemical equation, the total number of individual atoms on the reactant side must be equal to the total number of individual atoms on the product side. The stoichiometric coefficient is the number written in front of each reactants and products that tells how many moles of each are needed in the reaction.
The chemical equation for the given reaction is:
[tex]Na_{3} PO_{4}[/tex] + [tex]H_{2} SO_{4}[/tex] = [tex]Na_{2} SO_{4}[/tex] + [tex]H_{3} PO_{4}[/tex]
Put the necessary stoichiometric coefficient to balance each element.
Balancing Na:
[tex]2Na_{3} PO_{4}[/tex] + [tex]H_{2} SO_{4}[/tex] = [tex]3Na_{2} SO_{4}[/tex] + [tex]H_{3} PO_{4}[/tex]
Balancing P:
[tex]2Na_{3} PO_{4}[/tex] + [tex]H_{2} SO_{4}[/tex] = [tex]3Na_{2} SO_{4}[/tex] + [tex]2H_{3} PO_{4}[/tex]
Balancing S:
[tex]2Na_{3} PO_{4}[/tex] + [tex]3H_{2} SO_{4}[/tex] = [tex]3Na_{2} SO_{4}[/tex] + [tex]2H_{3} PO_{4}[/tex]
Notice that H and O are already balanced.
Hence, the balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
[tex]2Na_{3} PO_{4}[/tex] + [tex]3H_{2} SO_{4}[/tex] = [tex]3Na_{2} SO_{4}[/tex] + [tex]2H_{3} PO_{4}[/tex]
where 3 is the stoichiometric coefficient of sulfuric acid, [tex]H_{2} SO_{4}[/tex].
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If you add a chunk of zinc to a beaker of acid and zinc shavings to another beaker of acid, the sample with the zinc shavings will react faster. What property causes the increase in rate?.
Answer: surface area
Explanation:
The smaller the surface area the faster the rate of reaction. The zinc shavings have a smaller surface area of reactants compared to the large piece of zinc. The smaller surfaces area of reactants ensures that it comes into close proximity with the acid solution for reaction to take place.
The titration of 25. 00 ml of 0. 2215 m hcl required 28. 84 ml of naoh for neutralization. What is the molarity of naoh?
The molarity of the NaOH solution is 0.192 M.
The reaction between HCl and NaOH looks like this:
[tex]HCl + NaOH[/tex]→[tex]NaCl + H_{2} O[/tex]
So NaOH and HCl react in a 1:1 ratio, which means that the amount of HCl is equal to the amount of NaOH. We can calculate the amount of HCl using its volume and molarity:
c = n/V, so n = c * V = 0.2215 M * 0.025 L = 0.0055375 mol of HCl and NaOH
So now we can calculate the molarity using the volume of NaOH:
c = n/V = 0.0055375 mol / 0.02884 L = 0.192 M
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Three students are given a 200g object to weigh on a balance and record the following masses: 150g, 151g, 150g. What can be said about the accuracy and precision of the balance?
The accuracy and precision of the balance are 50%, 51%, and 50%.
What is the percent error?Percent error is the calculation of the difference between the actual result and the estimated result.
Given that the following masses are calculated by three students are 150g, 151g, 150g
The weight of an object is 200g
The percent error will be
actual value - estimated value / estimated value x 100
1. 150 - 200 / 200 x 100 = 50
2. 151 - 200 / 200 x 100 = 51
3. 150 - 200 / 200 x 100 = 50
Thus, the accuracy and precision of the balance is 50%, 51%, and 50%.
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define uniform velocity, instantaneous velocity, uniform acceleration. show how, from the velocity time graph for a body
Answer:
The velocity at that particular instant is the instantaneous velocity. Uniform velocity is when the distance being covered is changing uniformly with time
Explanation:
Which are radioactive isotopes of oxygen?
(hint: add protons until the name changes to oxygen. then, add neutrons until the
isotope is radioactive.)
select one:
a.0-17 and 0-18
b. 0-13 and 0-19
c.0-14 and 0-16
d.o -16 and 0-19
O-13 and O-14 are the radioactive isotopes of oxygen among the given options.
Isotopes are the variations of differences in the atoms which are classified as belonging to the same element. An element is determined by the proton numbers in nucleus, therefore all isotopes of same element will have same protons number and different neutrons number.
Radioactive isotopes are also called as radioisotope. These are the forms of elements which are unstable and emits the radiations so that they can be transformed into a form which is more stable.
O-15 or Oxygen-15 is also a radioisotope which is used in the positron emission tomography (PET). Oxygen has several radioactive isotopes, each used for different purpose in different fields. O-14 is radiogenic, it is produced by the decay of the other atoms. O-14 is also a positron emitter
O-13 and O-14 undergoes the electron capture for their nuclear decays and they have short half lives of about 100 seconds.
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In the 1800s, one of the statements in john dalton's atomic theory was that atoms are indivisible. later experimental evidence led to the discovery of subatomic particles such as neutrons, electrons, and protons. what happened to the indivisible atom part of dalton's atomic theory, and why? the entire theory was discarded because dalton's scientific reputation was ruined once new evidence invalidated part of his theory. the indivisible atom part of the theory was discarded because consensus of data must exist for theories to be valid. the theory remained unchanged because dalton was correct regarding all other statements within the accepted scientific theory. the theory remained unchanged because new data is discarded if it doesn't fit within the accepted theory.
In 1800s, the john Dalton's atomic theory was that atoms are indivisible. later on , The indivisible atom part of the theory was discarded because consensus of data must exist for theories to be valid.
The Dalton's theory has some postulate which states that :
1) The atoms are the smallest form of matter and are the indivisible.
2) Each atom of same element have same and different atoms must be different types of element.
3) Atoms can not be created nor be destroyed but can be mix match.
4) Compound form from different elements combine in specific ratio.
now, the first postulate , has already been proving wrong by experiments like Rutherford's gold foil experiment and Thomson's discovery of electron.
Science is based on experiments and testings. in case of Dalton's atomic theory . it was not completely wrong but the only part that atom is indivisible was wrong.
therefore only this part was discarded that : The indivisible atom part of the theory was discarded because consensus of data must exist for theories to be valid.
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a substance known as aerogel has one of the lowest known densities of any solid. around 2004, nasa used aerogel to obtain interstellar dust from the tail of a comet. how many pounds of aerogel are in a cubic foot? the density of aerogel is 3.0 mg/cm^3. do not enter "pounds" as part of your answer.
0.19 pounds of aerogel are in a one cubic foot.
Aerogels are a class of synthetic porous ultralight material derived from a gel, in which the liquid component for the gel has been replaced with a gas, without significant collapse of the gel structure.
Here a substance known as aerogel has one of the lowest known densities of any solid. around 2004
So, density=mass/volume
Volume = 1 cubic foot 1 cubic foot = 28316.8 cubic
Density is given 3.0 mg/cm³, volume = 1×10⁻⁶
Mass= 0.16miligram mass in cubic meter is 160 gm
0.19 pounds of aerogel are in a one cubic foot.
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(HELP!) This is a conversion problem (listed in the photo below) that needs work shown. I figured out the correct overall answer, but I'm pretty sure I used calculations that you are not supposed to use when solving it professionally.
The using conversion factor the time it takes the slug to run a marathon of 26.2 miles is 148 days
What is conversion factor?Conversion factor is a ratio or factor usaed to convert from one physical units to the other.
How long will it take a slug to run a marathon 26.2 miles?The time it takes the slug to run the marathon is t = d/v where
d = distance and v = speed of slugGiven that
d = 26.2 miles and v = 0.0229 mm/s,Using conversion factor from the table, we convert the distance to mm.
So, d = 26.2 miles
= 26.2 mile × 5280 ft/1 mile × 1 in/12 ft × 2.54 cm/1 in
= 351373.44/12 cm
= 29281.12 cm
= 29281.12 cm × 10 mm/1cm
= 292811.2 mm
So, the time t = d/v
= 292811.2 mm/0.0229 mm/s
= 12786515.2838 s
We now use conversion factor from the table to convert this time to days
t = 12786515.2838 s × 1 min/60 s × 1 h/60 min × 1 day/24 hours = 12786515.2838 s × 1 day/86400 s
= 147.99 days
≅ 148 days
So, using conversion factor the time it takes the slug to run a marathon of 26.2 miles is 148 days
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highlight all the atoms of the four functional groups by clicking on them. when you click on each atom, it will change color. to deselect an atom, click on it again. do not highlight any bonds.
H-S
PO4
O-H
NH2
A functional group is a group of atoms bonded together in a specific way that can replace a hydrogen atom in a hydrocarbon. The molecule shown here contains four functional groups (−OH−OH, −SH−SH, −NH2−NH2, and −OPO2−3−OPO32−) attached to a carbon chain that is six carbon atoms long.
In chemistry, what are the four functional groups?Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and arenes are the four distinct hydrocarbon functional groups.A functional group is a collection of atoms or bonds that define the function of the hydrocarbon to which they are attached. Alcohol, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, halogens, and double and triple covalent bonds are some examples.A functional group is a group of atoms in a molecule that have distinct chemical properties independent of the molecule's other atoms. Covalent bonds connect the atoms in a functional group to each other and to the rest of the molecule. Phosphate: The addition and release of phosphate groups to and from ADP and ATP is how cells store and expend chemical energy.
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Describe what the whole number is called that comes before a compound and what its purpose is.
The whole number that comes before a compound is called a coefficient and it is used to balance the compound in a chemical equation.
What is a chemical compound?Chemical compounds is defined as those substances which are made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined together.
The combination of two compounds that reacts are called the reactants while the compounds that are formed are called the products.
The reaction that leads to the formation of products needs to be balanced using whole numbers in front of the chemical compounds.
For example,
[tex]H_{2}[/tex] +[tex]O_{2}[/tex] --->[tex]H_{2} O[/tex]
To balance the above equation, the whole number 2 is inserted infront of hydrogen and the water molecule that is formed. That is,
[tex]2H_{2} +O_{2} --- > 2H_{2} O[/tex]
Therefore, the whole number that comes before a compound is called a coefficient and it is used to balance the compound in a chemical equation.
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Consider the model of a sodium atom. An orange circle labeled upper n a is surrounded by three concentric circles. The innermost ring has dots at the north and south positions. The next ring has eight dots, evenly spaced, with dots aligning with those in the inner ring. The outermost ring has one dot at the north position. Which feature does the model show accurately?.
Consider the model of a sodium atom. An orange circle labeled upper n a is surrounded by three concentric circles. The innermost ring has dots at the north and south positions. The next ring has eight dots, evenly spaced, with dots aligning with those in the inner ring. The outermost ring has one dot at the north position. The distribution of electrons in different shells feature does the model show accurately.
Using the atomic number of each element, we may depict its atomic structure. Therefore, you must first know the atomic number of sodium in order to depict its atomic structure.
The sodium atom has a number of 11. Any element's atomic number describes how many electrons are present in one of its atoms.
Always start your sentence with the element's atomic number. Knowing an object's atomic number also lets you know how many protons and electrons it contains. The number of protons and electrons is the same as it is in every stable atom. Consequently, you are also aware of the quantity of electrons.
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The complete question is ''Consider the model of a sodium atom. An orange circle labeled upper N a is surrounded by three concentric circles. The innermost ring has dots at the north and south positions. The next ring has eight dots, evenly spaced, with dots aligning with those in the inner ring. The outermost ring has one dot at the north position. Which feature does the model show accurately?
A) the size of the electrons in different shells
B) the shapes of the orbitals in different shells
C)the distribution of electrons in different shells
D)the orientation of the orbitals in different shells
Study the chemical reaction.
This formula shows a reaction between iron and oxygen.
What should the values of x and y be in order to balance
this reaction?
Answer:
B
Explanation:
left side has 3 Fe and 4 oxygen
PLease help love it to be over 9th answering please and thank you!!!
Answer:
search from website please
Testing for pH levels can be useful in a variety of ways. Healthcare professionals may use pH tests on saliva or urine samples to help diagnose disorders. pH tests are also performed in the home on water samples from, for example, swimming pools.
3. pH strips measure the number of
__ in a solution.
Answer choices:
ions
charges
protons
A sample of 0.2655 g of an unknown monoprotic acid was dissolved in 25.0 ml of water and titrated with 0.0950 mnaoh. the acid required 30.0 ml of base to reach the equivalence point.
The molar mass of the monoprotic acid is 93.16 g/mol.
Because the acid (HA) is monoprotic, it reacts with NaOH like this:
[tex]HA + NaOH[/tex] → [tex]NaA + H_{2}O[/tex]
The ratio in which HA and NaOH react is 1:1. This means that the amount of NaOH expended will be equal to the amount of acid in the sample.
c = n/V, so n = c x V = 0.0950 M x 0.0300 L = 0.00285 mol of NaOH and HA
From this, we can now calculate the molar mass of the acid.
n = m/M, so M = m/n = 0.2655 g / 0.00285 mol = 93.16 g/mol
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A quasi-equilibrium process is a process during which a system never remains in equilibrium at all times.
a. true
b. false
step 3 of this protocol describes using a minimal amount of boiling solvent to dissolve your impure solid. why is it important to use only a minimal amount of solvent?
Using a minimum amount of solvent is important because it minimizes the amount of material lost by retention.
Why must only a small amount of the required solvent be used for recrystallization?
In order to support the objective of recovering the greatest possible amount of crystals, the amount of solvent used during crystallization is typically kept to a minimum.
Since heat can push some solids over the edge and completely dissolve them, crystallization occurs most frequently in solids with moderate solubility at low temperatures. Accordingly, in practice, a certain amount of the compound will dissolve in the mother liquor at low temperatures. Depending on the solubility profile of the compound, this amount may be significant. Utilizing the least amount of hot solvent possible reduces the amount of compound lost to the mother liquor.
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Which quantity expresses the sum of 22.1 g + 375.66 g + 5400.132 g to the correct number of
significant figures?
1) 5800 g
2) 5798 g
3) 5797.9 g
4) 5797.892 g
The quantity that expresses the sum of the given parameters is =5797.9g. That is option 3.
Calculation of the give figureSummation is the addition of figures to achieve a significant figure.
Significant figures on the other hand is the representation of digits in numbers that are reliable and accurate.
The given figures include the following:
= 22.1 g + 375.66 g + 5400.132 g
= 5797.892
= 5797.9g
5797.9g is the correct significant figure because the digit at the second decimal place is greater than five which is counted as one and is added to the next figure making it up to 9.
Therefore, the quantity that expresses the sum of the given parameters is =5797.9 g .
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