Answer: Carbon Dating though measuring Carbon-14 levels
Explanation:
Scientist measure the age of a fossil determined on the Carbon-14 level compared to the Carbon-12 level. This method works because:
All organisms after their death stop replenishing the amount of carbon in their body. That means that they will have an equal amount of carbon-12 and carbon-14 until they die. Unlike carbon-12, carbon-14 is unstable and overtime will go through beta decay. Overtime, a carbon-14 neutron will become a proton and release an electron, transforming into nitrogen-14.This leads to a drop in carbon-14 level, and because of this, geologist compare the level of carbon-14 to carbon-12 to determine how long it has taken to reach such stage.How big were the neo-assyrian, persian, and zhou polities in comparison to one another? place them in order from smallest to largest, measured as their maximum extent, east to west.
The largest empires, in order from smallest to largest, are: Zhou, Neo-Assyrian and Persian.
What were these kingdoms?The Zhou dynasty was the third Chinese dynasty in its traditional history, which was the last in which the dynasties of kings occurred. This dynasty was within what we now know as China, occupying part of its center. This dynasty is divided into two: Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou.
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the last and largest phase of Assyria to occur in the Iron Age. It was one of the largest empires in the world, they had as an idea the domination of the world leading them to dominate the ancient Near East, parts of the Arabian peninsula and North Africa, among other parts through which it spread.
Finally, we have the Persian empire, which is one of the most recent, which was a series of imperial dynasties that centered in what we now know as Iran. Which after the revolution in this country the monarchy was overthrown and replaced by the Islamic Republic.
Therefore, we can confirm that the largest empires, in order from smallest to largest, are: Zhou, Neo-Assyrian and Persian.
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how can microscopes help you see cells? first, think of a. good place to collect a sample of cells
Microscopes helps to see cells by magnifying the sample using the different magnification strength of lens.
Microscopes- A laboratory tool called a microscope is used to look at items that are too tiny to be seen with the human eye. The study of tiny objects and structures under a microscope is known as microscopy. The microscope has 4 objective lenses: Scanning (4x), Low (10x), High (40x), and Oil Immersion (100x).
Cell- The analysis of structure and function of cells is known as cell biology, and it is based on the idea that a cell is the basic building block of all life. A thorough grasp of an organisms and tissues that cells make up is made possible by concentrating on the cell.
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Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated. True or false?.
The statement: Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated, is true.
Positive feedback mechanism occurs for the maintenance of homeostasis. The positive feedback functions to amplify of increase the output of a reaction. For the maintenance of homeostasis, the positive feedback directs the body towards equilibrium.
Stimulus is any signal that stimulates the body to react or simply produce an action. For example, when the body suddenly touches any hot object, the touch acts as a stimulus, for which the action produced is to remove the hand instantly. The nerve cells acts in this process of carrying the signals inside the body.
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Structures called _________ house blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon. these passages run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
Structures called the perforating canals house blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon.
What are perforating canals?The blood vessels that go via the central canals can link to the blood vessels in the periosteum that covers the bone through perforating canals, which act as conduits. Trabeculae, or thin, atypically formed plates, are organised in a latticework network to make up trabecular bone.
Osteocytes are found in lacunae that are located in between calcified lamellae in trabeculae, just like osteons are in osteons. Similar to osteons, trabeculae have canaliculi that link the osteocytes. However, each osteocyte can exchange nutrients with neighboring blood vessels since each trabecula is only just a few cell layers thick. Therefore, a central canal is not required.
Therefore, perforating canals house blood vessels that carry blood vessels from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon.
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where do rain shadow deserts form
Answer: Rain shadow deserts are created when mountain ranges lie parallel to moist, coastal areas.
Explanation: im smart
Which of these are gymnosperms?
(A) conifers
(B) cycads
(C) ginkgoes
(D) all of these
chromosomes align at the equator of the cell...
1). Cytokinesis
2). Metaphase
3). telophase
Which phases of cellular respiration occur in the mitochondria?
Answer:
G2 phase occurred in mitochondria
the best-known bacteriophage community is that of the gut virome. a virome is a community of viruses within a host ecosystem (for example, the human or other animal intestinal tract).the gut community receives continual influx of new bacteria and phages while shedding present members. some prophages of pathogenic bacteria express virulence factors such as the shiga toxin of shigella or of e. coli o157:h7, whereas other prophages may protect the gut bacteria from superinfection by some of the many types of phages present in the gut. identify the evidence provided for the positive effects of phages. choose one or more: a. phage particles may suppress over-reactive t cells and tumor formation. b. phages may contribute beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase enzymes for healthy colon function. c. phage infection may increase bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. d. phages may limit bacterial numbers, thus maintaining gut homeostasis. e. phages may attack and erode biofilms such as pseudomonas aeruginosa.
B.) Phages may contribute beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase enzymes for healthy colon function.
D.) Phages may limit bacterial numbers, thus maintaining gut homeostasis.
Phage- Bacteriophages, or phages as they are commonly called, are viruses that only infect and multiply in bacterial cells. They are regarded as the most prevalent biological agent on earth and are widely distributed throughout the environment.
Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase- UDP-alpha-D-galactose to substrates having a terminating beta-N-acetylglucosamine (beta-GlcNAc) residue is transferred by the beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase. Involved in the production of glycolipid and glycoprotein carbohydrate molecules.
Homeostasis- The capacity of an organism to retain internal stability in response to external changes is known as homeostasis. The finest illustration of homeostasis is the body's internal temperature.
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When purified cytochrome oxidase is exposed to cyanide, the cyanide binds reversibly and with high affinity to the enzyme’s active site. What will be the likely outcome if mitochondria are exposed to high levels of cyanide?.
(A) "The cyanide will prevent movement of electrons along the electron transport chain." will be the likely outcome if mitochondria are exposed to high levels of cyanide when purified cytochrome oxidase is exposed to cyanide, the cyanide binds reversibly and with high affinity to the enzyme’s active site.
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a collection of protein complexes and other molecules that connect protons (H+ ions) across a membrane with the transfer of electrons (through redox processes, where both reduction and oxidation occur concurrently) from electron donors to electron acceptors. a collection of proteins found in mitochondria's inner membrane.
Four multi-subunit big enzyme complexes and two mobile electron carriers work together to transport the electrons from NADH and FADH2 to the ETC. The electron transport chain's enzymes are mostly membrane-bound.
It takes energy to move electrons via the electron transport chain. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is synthesized by using the energy from redox processes to produce an electrochemical proton gradient.
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Question correction:
When purified cytochrome oxidase is exposed to cyanide, the cyanide binds reversibly and with high affinity to the enzyme's active site. What will be the likely outcome if mitochondria are exposed to high levels of cyanide?
A. The cyanide will prevent movement of electrons along the electron transport chain.
B. The cyanide will block movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
C. The cyanide will inhibit transfer of electrons from NADH to initiate electron transport.
D. The cyanide will prevent oxygen from reaching the mitochondrial matrix.
Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. How could one hormone have opposing effects on different organs?.
Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. One hormone could have opposing effects on different organs as e. cells in the different tissues would have epinephrine receptors coupled to different signaling pathways.
A hormone uses a cell signaling pathway to induce a response from a cell and help in the proper functioning of the cell. It depends on the receptors of the hormone in different cells that decide which signaling pathway will be taken by a hormone.
A hormone will have two opposing actions in two different cell types based on the receptors present for that hormone on these cells. The receptors for epinephrine in the muscle cells activate a signaling pathway that stimulates the production of glycogen. Yet, the receptors for the same hormone i.e epinephrine present in the airways inhibit the salivary gland activity.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. How could one hormone have opposing effects on different organs?
a. Cells in the tissues that are suppressed do not express an epinephrine receptor.
b. Cells in responsive tissues have signal transduction pathways.
c. Only responsive tissues are exposed to the epinephrine in the blood stream.
d. Cells in tissues that are not responsive contain enzymes that break down epinephrine when it enters the cell.
e. Cells in the different tissues would have epinephrine receptors coupled to different signaling pathways.
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Biological fluids regulate ph values using __________. This is achieved by accepting _________ when ph is low and donating _________ when ph is high.
Biological fluids regulate pH values using buffers. This is achieved by accepting H⁺ ions when pH is low and donating H⁺ ions when pH is high.
pH is the potential of hydrogen, that gives an idea about the acidity of basicity of a solution. pH can have values ranging from 0 to 14. A pH value of 7 is neutral. Values below 7 are acidic and values above 7 are basic.
Buffers are the solutions that have the ability to resist any change in pH when any acidic or basic component is added to them. A buffer solution consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The human body consists of natural buffer, which is blood.
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(Giving BRAINLIEST!) Which example is most clearly narrated in third-person omniscient point of view?
A. I wasn't the only one who thought something fishy was going on with those two
B. Valerie couldn't believe her ears: the performance had ben canceled
C. Even if you think you're prepared, its a good idea to go over your lines before the show
D. Everyone, including Daniel, believed that he wad destined for greatness.
The example that is most clearly narrated in third-person omniscient point of view is as follows: everyone, including Daniel, believed that he wad destined for greatness (option D).
How is the third-person omniscient point of view used in writing?The third person omniscient point of view is the most open and flexible POV available to writers. As the name implies, an omniscient narrator is all-seeing and all-knowing.
It is a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in the story.
Therefore, an example that is most clearly narrated in third-person omniscient point of view is Everyone, including Daniel, believed that he wad destined for greatness
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8. The definition of diffusion is the movement of molecules across a membrane from an area of
high concentration to an area of low concentration. According to this definition, is the cell in
Model 1 undergoing diffusion? Explain.
Yes, According to this definition, the cell in Model 1 is undergoing diffusion from a higher concentration inside the cell to an area of low concentration outside the cell.
What happens when the cell undergoes diffusion?Water is diffusing through the cell from a greater concentration to a lower concentration. This would keep on until the water concentration on both sides of the membrane was equal (dynamic equilibrium is established).Due to their size, the sugar molecules are not diffusing. Through channel proteins, which run on ATP for energy, sugar molecules can enter cells.A special kind of diffusion takes place here which is known as osmosis.Osmosis is defined as the passage of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane from an area with a greater water concentration to one with a lower concentration of solution (i.e., lower concentration of water).To learn more about Osmosis visit:
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3. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular
respiration?
* 17 points
O
A. The reactants of cellular respiration and photosynthesis are the same but their
products are different.
B. Cellular respiration is one of the steps in the process of photosynthesis.
C. Photosynthesis is one of the steps in the process of cellular respiration.
D. The reactants of cellular respiration are the products of photosynthesis and the
reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration.
Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. How could one hormone have opposing effects on different organs?.
Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. One hormone could have opposing effects on different organs as e. cells in the different tissues would have epinephrine receptors coupled to different signaling pathways.
Hormones can help a cell to perform various specialized functions after it activates the receptors of the cell through which signal pathways are activated for the cell.
The receptors of a cell are linked to different cell signaling pathways and this is the reason that a hormone can produce two opposing effects in different types of cells.
The epinephrine hormone activates receptors of muscle cells that help in signaling pathways for the production of glycogen. The same epinephrine, in the airways, couples with a receptor that activates an inhibitory pathway for muscle contraction.
In this way, hormones help specialized cells to perform their functions by activating different signaling pathways.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. How could one hormone have opposing effects on different organs?
a. Cells in the tissues that are suppressed do not express an epinephrine receptor.
b. Cells in responsive tissues have signal transduction pathways.
c. Only responsive tissues are exposed to the epinephrine in the blood stream.
d. Cells in tissues that are not responsive contain enzymes that break down epinephrine when it enters the cell.
e. Cells in the different tissues would have epinephrine receptors coupled to different signaling pathways.
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please help me. i have my biology test tomorrow and im faIIing really behind. i want to be a marine biologist, so if i dont pass this, i might not be able to get into coIIege.
the 3 large biological molecules listen in #2 are: carbohydrates (sugars), proteins, and lipids
what process builds those molecules, what breaks them apart, and what molecule/compound is used to do so?
Answer:
1 anabolism
2 catabolism
3 enzymes
what is the difference in the molecular structure of table sugar vs. chains of starches, such as those found in potatoes?
The sugar and the starch both are carbohydrate but there are differences is well. Sugar is in the form of monosaccharide while the starch is in the from of polysaccharide.
What is the difference in the molecular structure of table sugar vs. chains of starches, such as those found in potatoes?
The molecular structure of sugar is C12H22O11. Generally this formula is known as for the sucrose but the sucrose means the sugar molecule contains 12 atoms of carbon, 22 atoms of hydrogen and 11 atoms of oxygen.
Actually both these sugar and starch are the carbohydrates but there is a great difference between them. Sugar have the ability to form simple carbohydrate molecules like monosaccharides while starches form more complex carbohydrates linked together by different bonds.
So we can conclude that the sugar and the starch both are carbohydrate but there are differences is well. Sugar is in the form of monosaccharide while the starch is in the from of polysaccharide.
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Which of the following is not true about cells?
Which of the following is not true about cells?
All living cells always come from other living cells.
All living thing begins life as a single cell.
It takes many cells to make a living organism.
The cell is the basic unit of the structure and function of life.
How does the function of the receptor (carrier) protein differ from that of a carrier protein?
Answer:
In biology, a carrier protein is a type of protein that transports a specific substance through intracellular compartments, into the extracellular fluid, or across cells as opposed to channel proteins, which is another membrane transport protein, that is less selective in transporting molecules.
Explanation:
……….?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.
Answer:
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Explanation:
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You are doing a study on the enzymatic effects of lysosomes and want to follow the whole process from the formation of the enzymes to their use in the lysosome. In what location of the cell would you begin this observation?.
You are doing a study on the enzymatic effects of lysosomes and want to follow the whole process from the formation of the enzymes to their use in the lysosome. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the place where this observation will begin.
As all enzymes are proteins hence we will begin with the endoplasmic reticulum to study the whole process from the formation of enzymes. The endoplasmic reticulum is the site that plays a central role in the synthesis of a protein.
Ribosomes, the sites where proteins are formed after the translation of mRNA, are present on the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). After the synthesis of a protein, the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) also transports the proteins to the Golgi apparatus where the protein is packaged and processed.
Hence, to study the formation of enzymes, we will start with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) whose membrane is the place where all proteins are made.
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1. Joy lips a coin 100 times to see if she gets 50 heads and 50 talls
Answer:
uhhhh please give more context in the comments so I can help
Explanation:
you didn't give enough context for me to answer your question, if you want me to give an answer, please put the entire question and i can help
what is the
function of Petiole
Explanation:
The stalk of the leaf is called petiole.
Functions :-
(i) It helps to hold the leaf blade to the light.
(ii) It also helps the blade to flutter in wind.
dose-dependent effects of calorie restriction on gene expression, metabolism, and tumor progression are partially mediated by insulin-like growth factor-1. cancer med. 1, 275–288
Calorie restriction (CR) is a properly-installed nutritional intervention for delaying growing old and inhibiting most cancers in a lot of animal fashions.
Calorie food regimen regimens in numerous forms are the maximum generally advocated method in human beings for stopping or reversing obesity, an difficulty of developing situation withinside the United States (where >35% of ladies are obese) and at some point of the world. Obesity will increase the threat of growing and/or loss of life from a number of diseases, along with breast cancers in postmenopausal ladies.
The useful results of CR, normally regarding a 20–40% discount in general strength intake, however isonutrient for vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids relative to an advert libitum fed manipulate food regimen regimen) on mammary tumor burden in experimental fashions are properly documented.
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Following which political perspective do people argue that drug laws reflect the interests of the rich and powerful and criminalize poor people and minorities?
People who hold a radical left political stance contend that drug laws penalize minorities and the poor while serving the interests of the wealthy and powerful.
Describe drugs and give examples:A drug is a chemical compound that, when administered to a living entity, has a biological effect. In pharmacology, a drug is often a chemical compound with a well-known structure. A chemical substance known as a pharmaceutical medicine is used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose illnesses as well as to enhance wellbeing. It is also referred to as a drug or medicine.
What are the three primary drugs?Drugs by category:
Depressants - slow down the central nervous system's activity.Hallucinogens - affect how you experience touch, taste, sound, smell, and sight.Stimulants hasten the central nervous system's operation.To know more about Drug visit:
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in a nutrient addition plant experiment, a scientist adds (1) nitrate to the media and the plant shows significant growth or (2) phosphate to the media and no significant growth is noted. what conclusion can be made about the nutrients in relation to this plant?
The conclusion can be made about the nutrients in relation to this plant is that the nitrogen is a limiting nutrient.
Reason why Nitrogen is the limiting factor- In most natural systems, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the predominant rate-limiting nutrients and the main ingredients of agrochemical fertilizers.
Fertilizers- Material, whether natural or manufactured, that contains the chemical components that help plants grow and produce more. Fertilizers may restore chemical components that previous crops removed from the soil or increase the land's inherent fertility.
Nutrient- The body requires nutrients for energy, building blocks, and the regulation of bodily functions. Based on biochemical characteristics, there are six main categories of nutrients: carbs, proteins, fats, water, vitamins, and minerals.
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Q. In a nutrient addition plant experiment, a scientist adds (1) nitrate to the media and plant shows significant growth or (2) phosphorus to the media no significant effect is noted. What conclusion can be made about the nutrients in relation to this plant?
a)Phosphorus is a limiting nutrient.
b)The plant had an excess of nutrients, limiting its growth.
c)The plant does not require nitrogen.
d)Nitrogen is a limiting nutrient.
e)The plant does not require phosphorus.
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put cells,organism,tissues,organelles,organ system and organ in order from smallest to largest
Many salad dressings contain a combination of olive oil and some sort of vinegar. You usually have to shake or mix these salad dressings well because the olive oil separates from the vinegar. Since the vinegar won't mix with the olive oil, what can you conclude about VINEGAR?
Due to difference in their density and polarity, vinegar and olive oil do not mix with each other. Thus, oil is hydrophobic whereas vinegar is hydrophilic.
What is vinegar?Vinegar is commonly known as acetic acid (CH3COOH). Vinegar contains around 6 to 8% of acetic acid in water. It is hydrophilic i.e. polar in nature. Vinegar is commercially manufactured by the technique called fermentation.
Vinegar is widely used in industries as well as it has domestic uses. It is commercially used as flavouring agent in the preparations of many food items. It is widely used as a food preservative. It is also used in certain beverages, nutritional drinks and in salad dressings.
Thus, vinegar has many practical applications.
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When incorporated into a polypeptide chain not at the n or c terminus, _______ would make the charge of the polypeptide more positive.
When incorporated into a polypeptide chain not at the n or c terminus, Arginine would make the charge of the polypeptide more positive.
Arginine- One of the 20 amino acids required for human ribosomal protein production is arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid). Arginine has a variety of important jobs in the body besides being a fundamental component of numerous proteins, making it essential for good health.
Polypeptide Chain- An unbroken, continuous chain containing amino acids connected by peptide bonds is referred to as a polypeptide. The peptide bond joins the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amine group of the following amino acid to produce an amide.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:
Q. Which of the following amino acids would, when incorporated into a polypeptide chain (not at the N or C terminus), make the charge of the polypeptide more positive?
A. Alanine
B. Arginine
C. Aspartate
D. Serine
E. Cysteine
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