p53 is activated when a DNA get damage which result in production of a Cdk inhibitor is preventing the cells from continually progressing through the cell cycle.
Through the phosphorylation of the target genes, such as the tumour suppressor protein retinoblastoma, the synthesis of cyclin/CDKs regulates the cell-cycle progression.Cyclins collaborate with an enzyme family known as the cyclin-dependent kinases to control the cell cycle's activities (Cdks). A Cdk that is not bound to a cyclin is inactive, but when it is, it becomes a functioning enzyme that can alter target proteins.Mitosis and interphase are the two phases that make up the cell cycle. The majority of the cell's activity during interphase is devoted to the tasks that distinguish it from other cells. The stage of the cell cycle known as mitosis occurs when a cell divides into two daughter cells.To learn more about cell cycle.
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What is biology and other branches of pure science
Answer:
biology is the study of living things and other branches of pure science include physic and chemistry.
The word helix means spiral. what does this tell you about the structure of dna, which is a double helix macromolecule?
The DNA is double helix macromolecule, that means it has two strands of spirals joined together by hydrogen bonds.
DNA is the Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is the main genetic material present in the majority of the organisms. The double helix are joined together by hydrogen bonds, giving the DNA a spiral staircase like appearance. These two strands are anti-parallel in nature.
Hydrogen bonds are the non-covalent bonds. These are usually intermolecular bonds, however they can be intramolecular as well. The bond is formed between one hydrogen atom and another electronegative atom of some other molecule, like fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen.
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If gtp hydrolysis occurs on a tubulin molecule at the plus end of a microtubule protofilament before another tubulin molecule is added, what typically happens?.
The microtubule depolymerizes will happen when gtp hydrolysis occurs on a tubulin molecule at the plus end of a microtubule protofilament before another tubulin molecule is added.
The harmful effects of microtubule depolymerizing and polymerizing substances lead to apoptosis after mitotic arrest, and these effects are more pronounced in cancer cells than in healthy cells. In reality, a number of microtubule inhibitors are often used in clinical settings.
Microtubules provide a variety of purposes. For instance, they are crucial parts of cilia and flagella and provide the structured, rigid components of the cytoskeleton that provide shape to many cells (cellular locomotory projections). During cell division, they take role in the development of the spindle (mitosis).
Three different spindle microtubule types—kinetochore microtubules (green), astral microtubules (blue), and interpolar microtubules—frame the spindle's overall shape (red). The fast-growing (plus) end and the slow-growing (minus) end are the two different ends of the polarised structure known as microtubules.
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Why should closing the iris diaphragm improve your ability to determine the thread color
By closing the iris diaphragm, it reduces the amount of external light, improving the image.
What does the iris diaphragm do?The iris diaphram is a shutter that may be adjusted to control how much light enters the condenser. The angle affects the condenser's Numerical Aperture (NA). One of the key settings on the microscope is this diaphragm, often known as the aperture diaphragm.
The condenser's iris diaphragm controls the angle at which light is directed onto the specimen. The amount of light that enters the condenser may be regulated using the iris diaphram, which functions as a shutter. The condenser's numerical aperture is impacted by the angle (NA).
When the iris diaphragm is closed, the specimen will get less light, but contrast will increase.
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Practice:organelle identification Complete the table by writing the name of the cell part besides it’s structure/function
The correct matching of the cell organelles and their functions are:
1. Stores material within the cell - vacuole2. Closely stacked, flattened sacs (plants only) - chloroplast /granum3. The sites of protein synthesis - ribosome4. Transports materials within the cell - vesicles5. The region inside the cell except for the nucleus - cytoplasm6. Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions in a eukaryotic cell - nucleus7. Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy from sunlight and gives plants their green color - chloroplast8. Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and invading viruses or bacteria - lysosome9. Small bumps located on portions of the endoplasmic reticulum - ribosomes10. Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and waste products - vesicle11. Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape inplants, fungi, most bacteria and some protists - cell wall12. Produces a usable form of energy for the cell - mitochondria13. Packages proteins for transport out of the cell - Golgi body14. Everything inside the cell including the nucleus - cytosol15. Site where ribosomes are made - nucleolus16. The membrane surrounding the cell - plasma membrane17. Provides support for the cell, has two “subparts” - Lipid bilayer18. Name for the collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells -Chromosome/chromatinWhat are cell organelles?Cell organelles are specialized structures found within the cells which perform specific functions.
Cells organelles are considered as small organs or mini-organs within cells.
The cell organelles may be classified into:
membrane-bound organelles, andnon-membrane-bound organelles.Some of the cell organelles and their function include:
Mitochondria - produces energy in the form of ATP for the cellNucleus - stores the genetic informationEndoplasmic reticulum - synthesizes proteins and lipidsGolgi apparatus - packaging and distribution of biomolecules.Lysosome - digestion of molecules and foreign materials.Ribosomes - they are the sites of proteni synthesisLearn more about cell organelles at: https://brainly.com/question/25742135
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Note that the complete question is given below:
Complete the following table by writing the name of the cell part or organelle in the right hand column that matches the structure/function in the left hand column. A cell part MAY be used more than once.
Stores material within the cell vacuole
Closely stacked, flattened sacs (plants only) chloroplast /granum
The sites of protein synthesis ribosome
Transports materials within the cell vesicles
The region inside the cell except for the nucleus cytoplasm
Organelle that manages or controls all the cell functions
in a eukaryotic cell nucleus
Contains chlorophyll, a green pigment that traps energy
from sunlight and gives plants their green color chloroplast
Digests excess or worn-out cell parts, food particles and
invading viruses or bacteria lysosome
Small bumps located on portions of the endoplasmic
reticulum ribosomes
Provides temporary storage of food, enzymes and waste
products vesicle
Firm, protective structure that gives the cell its shape in
plants, fungi, most bacteria and some protests cell wall
Produces a usable form of energy for the cell mitochondria
Packages proteins for transport out of the cell Golgi body
Everything inside the cell including the nucleus cytosol
Site where ribosomes are made nucleolus
The membrane surrounding the cell plasma membrane
Provides support for the cell, has two “subparts” Lipid bilayer
Name for the collection of DNA in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells Chromosome/chromatin
What is the benefit of asexual reproduction
Benefits of asexual reproduction involve: the biological female only needs one guardian, themselves. You'll be more efficient with your time and energy because they don't need a companion.
flat topped rocks high above sea level are called plateaus
true
false <-- i think its false
Answer/ true
Explanation:A plateau is a flat, elevated landform that rises sharply above surrounding area on at least one side.
cheng, r. k. y. et al. structural insight into allosteric modulation of protease-activated receptor 2. nature 545, 112-115, doi:10.1038/nature22309 (2017).
Structural insight into allosteric modulation of protease-activated receptor 2:
Abstract:
Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a own circle of relatives of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) which are irreversibly activated via way of means of proteolytic cleavage of the N terminus, which unmasks a tethered peptide ligand that binds and turns on the transmembrane receptor domain, eliciting a cell cascade in reaction to inflammatory alerts and different stimuli.
PARs are implicated in a huge variety of diseases, together with most cancers and inflammation1,2,3. PARs had been the concern of most important pharmaceutical studies efforts3. however the discovery of small-molecule antagonists that efficaciously bind them has proved challenging. The best advertised drug concentrated on a PAR is vorapaxar4, a selective antagonist of PAR1 used to save you thrombosis.
The shape of PAR1 in complicated with vorapaxar has been said previously5. Despite collection homology throughout the PAR isoforms, discovery of PAR2 antagonists has been much less successful, despite the fact that GB88 has been defined as a vulnerable antagonist6. Here we document crystal systems of PAR2 in complicated with awesome antagonists and a blocking off antibody.
The antagonist AZ8838 binds in a completely occluded pocket close to the extracellular floor. Functional and binding research monitor that AZ8838 famous gradual binding kinetics, that's an appealing characteristic for a PAR2 antagonist competing in opposition to a tethered ligand.
Antagonist AZ3451 binds to a far flung allosteric webweb page outdoor the helical bundle. We recommend that antagonist binding prevents structural rearrangements required for receptor activation and signalling.
We additionally display that a blocking off antibody antigen-binding fragment binds to the extracellular floor of PAR2, stopping get admission to of the tethered ligand to the peptide-binding webweb page. These systems offer a foundation for the improvement of selective PAR2 antagonists for a variety of healing uses.
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A bacterium does not continuously swim at one speed in one direction. Different arrangements and structures of flagella contribute to changes in speed and direction when necessary. How does motility relate to flagellation?.
Different arrangements and structures of flagella contribute to changes in speed and direction when necessary. Motility relates to flagellation as:
Polar flagella (in any one or both the poles of the bacterium) makes the organism move very quickly in a particular direction.Peritrichous flagella (present all over the cell) helps the organism in rotation and tumbling.Amphitrichous flagella ( present in bulk at both the ends) move the organism slowly as these flagella work alternately and hence stop periodically to change directions).Flagella is a hair like structure present in both prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic cell. It helps in motility. An organism can have a single flagella or multiple and these can be arranged in various ways.
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The organelle responsible for the biosynthesis of proteins that are destined for secretion by the cell is the.
The organelle responsible for the biosynthesis of proteins that are destined for secretion by the cell is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
Proteins are the polymers of amino acids. These are biomolecules that are largely required by cells as they perform various activities inside the cell. They have structural, catalytic repair and various other roles.
ER is the cell organelle whose membrane is continuous with the nucleus. The ER is of two types Rough ER and Smooth ER. The rough ER is composed of various ribosomes on its surface. These ribosomes are involved in the mechanism of protein synthesis. That is why Rough Er is said to be involved in protein synthesis.
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Explain why the gases came out of the leaf when it was put into warm water
Explanation:
the leaf is using light to uphold photosynthesis when underwater. oxygenating the leaf is one of the steps in this experiment.
you are investigating the bubbles forming in the water which are caused by oxygen .so plants don't breathe using lungs as we humans do they just take in and evict air.
If stranded in a boat In the middle of the ocean, why is it not a good idea to drink sea/salty
water?
A. Salt water makes you go crazy because the salt attacks brain cells
B. Salt water makes you less thirsty because your cells gain water through osmosis
C. Salt water makes you more thirsty because your cells lose water through osmosis
D. Salt water makes you more thirsty because your cells will gain water through osmosis
which of the following does NOT describe what happens to the number of atoms during a chemical reason?
Answer: No new atoms are created, and no atoms are destroyed. In a chemical reaction, reactants contact each other, bonds between atoms in the reactants are broken, and atoms rearrange and form new bonds to make the products.
Explanation:
Differentiation requires __________ of particular genes to produce populations with __________ capabilities that form tissues.
Differentiation requires inactivation of particular genes to produce cell populations with limited capabilities that form tissues.
Despite this chromosome-wide suppression, certain genes manage to avoid X inactivation: in mice and women, around 3% and 15%, respectively, of X-linked genes are expressed biallelically. From a few percent of the expression from the active allele to about equal expression, the expression from the inactive X allele varies.A function for these genes in the evolution of sex differences in particular characteristics is suggested by discrepancies in the identity and distribution of escape genes between species and tissues. The increased expression of escape genes in females compared to males suggests that these genes may have female-specific functions and may be in charge of some of the X aneuploidy-related traits.To learn more about genes.
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Explain how the cell membrane,nucleus and the mitochondrion maintain homeostasis
By controlling gene expression, the nucleus aids in a cell's homeostasis. In contrast to the outside, homeostasis is a constant condition that exists inside the cell.
To fuel the synthesis of proteins and other biological components, cells need a steady flow of energy in order to maintain homeostasis. The cell membrane, which isolates the cell from its surroundings, is one of the components that make up the internal structure of the cell. Genes, which are stored in the nucleus, are expressed to regulate protein synthesis. The microenvironment of the nucleus regulates the timing of gene transcription and keeps protein synthesis in step with the needs of the cell. In order to maintain the ideal conditions for optimal performance, mitochondria also contribute to the maintenance of the cell's environment (homeostasis). Free calcium is stored and released to do this. Mitochondria control both cell division and cellular proliferation.
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testosterone treatment restores vestibular function by enhancing neuronal survival in an experimental closed-head repetitive mild traumatic brain injury model
Testosterone treatment restores vestibular function by enhancing neuronal survival.
How testosterone treatment restores vestibular function?The primary anabolic steroid and sex hormone in men is testosterone. In humans, testosterone is necessary for the development of the testicles, the prostate, and secondary sexual characteristics such increased bone and muscle mass and the growth of body hair. Additionally, testosterone influences both sexes' moods, behaviors, and ability to avoid osteoporosis. Low testosterone levels can lead to male abnormalities such brittleness and bone loss.
The androstane class steroid testosterone has ketone and hydroxyl groups at positions 3 and 17, respectively. The body creates it from cholesterol through a variety of activities before the liver transforms it into inactive metabolites.
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what types of bonds or interactions could asparagine form with another amino acid in the chain in order to form a quaternary structure with another protein chain?
Asparagine can form hydrogen bonds polar amino acids to stabilize structure the chain in order to form a quaternary structure with another protein chain.
Since the amide group may absorb two and donate two hydrogen bonds, asparagine has a high potential to form hydrogen bonds. Both the surface and proteins' inside contain it. In glycoproteins, asparagine is a frequent location for the attachment of carbohydrates.Noncovalent connections between adjacent surface hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas on the polypeptide subunits hold the quaternary structure together. In addition, salt connections can be created by basic and acidic side chains.As in the tertiary structure, where many polypeptides are bound together to create a single functional unit known as a multimer, the quaternary structure is also stabilised by non-covalent interactions and disulfide bonds.To learn more about protein chain.
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major problems commercial farmers encounter
These are just a few, there are others but these are some main ones with climate change being #1 of the most major one
describe the genotype ratio for their offspring?
describe the phenotype ratio for their offspring?
Answer:
Dd 50%
DD 25%
dd 25%
Has dimples 75%
No dimples 25%
Explanation:
I don't know if you have to turn the percents into fractions. You probably do. Have a great day!
The form of associative learning in which organisms learn the association between two stimuli and then, as a result, learn to anticipate events is called conditioning?.
The form of associative learning in which organisms learn the association between two stimuli and then, as a result, learn to anticipate events is called classical conditioning.
Classical conditioning is a type of learning in which two stimuli are associated with each other. One of the stimuli is an unconditional one whereas the other stimuli is a neutral one. Classical conditioning is a form of unconscious learning where a response is generated from two stimuli perceived to be linked to each other.
Classical conditioning is observed in humans as well as in animals.
One example to understand classical conditioning is the learning of a dog to salivate both in response to food as well as also by seeing the person who brings the dog food.
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1. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere absorb heat and then re-radiate heat back to Earth's surface. If the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases, Earth's temperature would
A.
decrease.
B.
stay the same.
C.
increase.
D.
vary randomly.
1) the cell becomes hyperpolarized; 2) cell receives signals at the dendrites; 3) k gates close; 4) na gates close, and k gates open; 5) na gates open; 6) threshold of excitation
Correct order: ( 2,5,6,4,3,1 )
2) cell receives signals at the dendrites;
5) Na+ gates open;
6) threshold of excitation
4) Na+ gates close, and K+ gates open;
3) K+ gates close;
1) the cell becomes hyperpolarized;
Hyperpolarization:
first, cell receives signals at the dendrites;
then Na+ gates open;
then, threshold of excitation
then, Na+ gates close, and K+ gates open;
then, K+ gates close;
then, the cell becomes hyperpolarized;
How does a nerve cell become hyperpolarized?
A hyperpolarized state is reached by the cell after the generation of an action potential. When a nerve cell becomes hyperpolarized, it enters a refractory phase that lasts for around 2 milliseconds, during which time it cannot produce any more action potentials.
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smelling cookies baking will likely make you hungry because the gi tract communicates with the system. digestive muscular endocrine central nervous
Satiety and satiation are first influenced by sensory and cognitive elements, such as anticipation of the food or drink being ingested, its flavor, texture, and aroma, as well as any links with prior experiences that may emerge.
Post-ingestive variables begin to work after the meal or drink enters the stomach. At first, satiation is brought on by signals sent from the distended stomach to the brain. Hormones that aid in satiation and fullness are produced from the stomach as digestion progresses in the intestines.
The nutrients themselves are sensed by specialized receptors in several locations throughout the body, including the brain, during the post-absorptive stage of the satiety cascade, giving knowledge about nutritional status that also influences satiety.
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A measurement of how strongly particles attract one another at the surface of a liquid is _______?
The measurement of how strongly particles attract one another at the surface of a liquid is surface tension.
Surface tension of liquids can be stated as the attractive force exerted upon the surface molecules of a liquid by the molecules under it, that tends to draw the surface molecules into the bulk of the liquid and makes the liquid assume the shape having the least surface area possible.
It is caused due to the presence of the cohesive forces, a molecule located in the bulk is pulled equally in every direction by the surrounding liquid molecules, resulting in a net force of zero whereas the molecules at the surface do not have the same molecules on all sides and therefore they are pulled inward. This creates an internal pressure and forces liquid surfaces to contract to the minimum surface area possible.
Hence, surface tension is the measurement of how strongly liquid particles attract one another at the surface of the liquid.
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What are the two specialized extensions of the neuron that allow it to communicate?
Dendrites and axons (terminal buttons) are the two specialized extensions of the neuron that allow it to communicate.
Dendrites- Appendages called dendrites are made to receive signals from neighboring cells. They take the shape of projections with a tree-like structure that are triggered by other neurons and carry the electrochemical charge to the cell body (or, more rarely, directly to the axons).
Axons- A neurons, or nerve cell, has a tiny fiber called an axon that extends from it and is in charge of sending electrical impulses to aid with movement and sensory awareness. A myelin sheath, a fatty layer which insulates and aids in signal transmission over long distances, surrounds each axon.
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there are several types of cancer depending on their organ of origin but they can be organized into categories based on the specific cell and origin of which the abnormal growth began. cancers can be classified as carcinomas, sarcoma, leukemias, lymphomas, multiple myeloma, melanoma, and brain and spinal cord tumors
Carcinoma refers to a malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin or cancer of the internal or external lining of the body.
What is Carcinoma ?In epithelial tissue, cancerous growths are known as carcinomas. The majority of your organs, internal body pathways (such your esophagus), and skin are all lined with epithelial tissue. The majority of malignancies that affect your skin, breasts, kidney, liver, lungs, pancreas, prostate gland, head, and neck are carcinoid tumors.
Most people categorize different types of cancer according to where they originate, although this is only one way to do so. According to the sorts of tissues where cancer cells first develop, scientists also categorize malignancies.
80% to 90% of all cancer diagnoses are for carcinoma, which is the most prevalent type of cancer. Carcinoma develops in the epithelial tissue that lines your skin, internal organ passages, and organs.
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Enzymes are proteins capable of recognizing and binding to very specific small molecules, such as glucose. Which level of protein structure most directly leads to this binding specificity?.
Enzymes are proteins capable of recognizing and binding to very specific small molecules, such as glucose. The tertiary structure of protein leads to this binding specificity.
The tertiary structure of the protein is the one that is responsible for the three-dimensional structure of proteins. It is due to the three-dimensional structure that the outer functional groups of a protein are displayed on the outer side. Due to these functional groups, a protein is able to interact with other molecules.
It is due to the tertiary structure that proteins are able to get a very specific structure.
Enzymes are also proteins whose specific structure where a particular molecule can fit is referred to as the 'active site'. The active site is responsible for binding specific molecules that can fit into a specific active site only.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Enzymes are proteins capable of recognizing and binding to very specific small molecules, such as glucose. Which level of protein structure most directly leads to this binding specificity?
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
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What current goes through a 2070 W kettle connected to a 230 V mains supply?
The current of the kettle will be 9 Amp
Given that
V=230V,P=2070 W
We know that,
The power transferred by an electric current will be estimated by the formula :
P=VI
This formula was derived by Ohm's law where if any two quantities among power voltage and current is given the third quantity can be calculated by the formula
where, P= power V= voltage I= Current
The amount of Current used will be calculated by the formula:
I= P/V
Substituting the given values in the formula,
I=2070/ 230
I= 9 Amp
So the current carried by the 2070 W having 230 mains supply will be 9 amp
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Choose the correct answer :
The opposite figure shows protein
substances in one of the enzymatic
reactions in the digestive system, which
of them represent enzymes ?
a (1) and (2).
(b) (1) and (3).
HCI
Che
(2)
(2) and (3).
(3)
(3) and (4).
BERBAN
The enzymes are represented by 1 and 2 because they are joining and releasing after the product formation.
Enzymes are the biocatalysts that are responsible for the feasibility of the reaction and to increase the rate of reaction it is done by enzymes because they lower the activation energy which is needed by the substrate to move forward to make products and this is the minimum or threshold energy without which the substrate cant make products and if it is high then to lower
it enzymes help and also enzymes have the property of specificity as they will fix only with their substrate they are supposed to help to and also they work only at optimum ph and temperature because if there is even a slight difference the enzymes will not work properly and will denature or change their conformation so in the given diagram it can be seen that 1 and 2 are
enzymes because firstly 1 is combining with the substrate to form the enzyme substrate complex and in 2 the enzyme is being activated by using the hydrocholric acid and in 4th position also we can see that there are some enzymes which are being released as after the formation of products they are not needed anymore and enzymes are very important for all the cellular function to work properly.
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Melissa sustained a serious head injury while competing in an elite gymnastics competition. Although she has recovered from the injury, melissa still has trouble remembering information and events that occurred before she hit her head. Her symptoms are consistent with those of a patient who has _____ amnesia.
Melissa sustained a serious head injury while competing in an elite gymnastics competition. Although she has recovered from the injury, Melissa still has trouble remembering information and events that occurred before she hit her head. Her symptoms are consistent with those of a patient who has retrograde amnesia (RA).
In the field of medicine, we can describe amnesia as a loss of memory of an individual. Retrograde amnesia can be defined as a type of amnesia in which a person has a loss of memory after a brain injury.
In the case of retrograde amnesia, people usually forget memories of the recent past. They do not experience complete memory loss usually. A person remembers who he is and information from the long past years in retrograde amnesia.
As Melissa has trouble remembering information of the recent part i.e events or information that occurred before the head injury hence this shows that her symptoms are consistent with retrograde amnesia.
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