CsBr has a crystal structure where each [tex]Br^{-}[/tex] ion (blue) is surrounded by 8 [tex]Cs^{+}[/tex] ions (green). derive the minimum r/r (or rc/ra) ratio required for stability for the general case of CN 8 is 0.414.
Tetrahedral and octahedral holes will have different diameters if an assortment of anions are present in the form of cubic tight packing. As a result, the cations will only fill the holes if there is enough room for them to do so. Radius Ratio can be used to make a forecast about whether the ions will be able to hold the cations.
Many cations and anions can be found in ionic crystals. We are aware that anions are bigger than cations and surround them. They are positioned in space so that anions and cations are in contact with one another, creating the greatest stability.
On the basis of the radius ratio, this stability of the ionic crystals can be justified. As a result, the ratio of cation equals the radius ratio.
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In the 1800s, one of the statements in john dalton's atomic theory was that atoms are indivisible. later experimental evidence led to the discovery of subatomic particles such as neutrons, electrons, and protons. what happened to the indivisible atom part of dalton's atomic theory, and why? the entire theory was discarded because dalton's scientific reputation was ruined once new evidence invalidated part of his theory. the indivisible atom part of the theory was discarded because consensus of data must exist for theories to be valid. the theory remained unchanged because dalton was correct regarding all other statements within the accepted scientific theory. the theory remained unchanged because new data is discarded if it doesn't fit within the accepted theory.
In 1800s, the john Dalton's atomic theory was that atoms are indivisible. later on , The indivisible atom part of the theory was discarded because consensus of data must exist for theories to be valid.
The Dalton's theory has some postulate which states that :
1) The atoms are the smallest form of matter and are the indivisible.
2) Each atom of same element have same and different atoms must be different types of element.
3) Atoms can not be created nor be destroyed but can be mix match.
4) Compound form from different elements combine in specific ratio.
now, the first postulate , has already been proving wrong by experiments like Rutherford's gold foil experiment and Thomson's discovery of electron.
Science is based on experiments and testings. in case of Dalton's atomic theory . it was not completely wrong but the only part that atom is indivisible was wrong.
therefore only this part was discarded that : The indivisible atom part of the theory was discarded because consensus of data must exist for theories to be valid.
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When a student is recording descriptions such as the color and shape of a rock specimen, the student is making a(n) __________.
A)
hypothesis
B)
inference
C)
theory
D)
qualitative observation
E)
quantitative observation
When a student is recording descriptions such as the color and shape of a rock specimen, the student is making a qualitative observation.
To geologists, rocks are natural substances made up of solid crystals of various minerals fused together into a solid mass. Minerals may or may not be formed at the same time. The point is that a natural process tied them all together. Weathering is a major deformation of rocks.
Heat and pressure form common rocks, but dramatic changes in their shape correspond to weathering because weathering breaks rocks from large structures into small mineral particles. These white bands or streaks, often called veins, are quartz or calcite. Quartz-filled crevices and fissures in the rock. Calcite was formed by the precipitation of calcium carbonate from water flowing over rocks.
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Answer:
Qualitative observation
Explanation:
There is a common difference between qualitative and quantitative observation
Quantity related observation such as mass of rock comes under quantitative observationBut here the color and shape is observed so it's qualitative observation
option D
An object has a mass of 12.5 grams and a volume of 2.7 mL
what is the object's density?
Answer:
[tex]4.6\frac{g}{mL}[/tex]
Explanation:
The formula for finding a object's density is:
D = M/V, which means Density equals Mass divided by Volume.
In this case, our mass is 12.5 grams, our volume is 2.7mL, and our density is the unknown we are solving for.
One important thing to keep in mind when finding density is the type of measurements used. Fortunately in this case, we are dividing grams by ml, which have a 1:1 conversion rate.
To find our answer, we just divide 12.5 by 2.7 to get:
[tex]\frac{12.5g}{2.7mL} = 4.6\frac{g}{mL}[/tex]
The true answer is 4.629, where 629 is repeating. However when we apply significant figures, we see our lowest amount of sig fig is 2 digits(in 2.7), so we round to 2 digits in our answer.
Hope this helps!
Study the chemical reaction.
This formula shows a reaction between iron and oxygen.
What should the values of x and y be in order to balance
this reaction?
Answer:
B
Explanation:
left side has 3 Fe and 4 oxygen
a substance known as aerogel has one of the lowest known densities of any solid. around 2004, nasa used aerogel to obtain interstellar dust from the tail of a comet. how many pounds of aerogel are in a cubic foot? the density of aerogel is 3.0 mg/cm^3. do not enter "pounds" as part of your answer.
0.19 pounds of aerogel are in a one cubic foot.
Aerogels are a class of synthetic porous ultralight material derived from a gel, in which the liquid component for the gel has been replaced with a gas, without significant collapse of the gel structure.
Here a substance known as aerogel has one of the lowest known densities of any solid. around 2004
So, density=mass/volume
Volume = 1 cubic foot 1 cubic foot = 28316.8 cubic
Density is given 3.0 mg/cm³, volume = 1×10⁻⁶
Mass= 0.16miligram mass in cubic meter is 160 gm
0.19 pounds of aerogel are in a one cubic foot.
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The hydrogen ion concentration of a vinegar solution is 0.00010 m. how is this concentration written in scientific notation? 1.0 times. 10â€""5 m 1.0 times. 10â€""4 m 1.0 times. 104 m 1.0 times. 105 m
1.0 ×[tex]10^{-4}[/tex] this is the concentration scientific notation.
What is the significance of scientific notation?The main reason for converting numbers to scientific notation is to make calculations involving unusually large or small numbers easier. Because zeros are no longer used to set the decimal point, all digits in a scientific notation number are significant, as demonstrated by the examples below.The primary reason for the importance of scientific notation is that it allows us to convert very large or very small numbers into much more manageable sizes. It is much easier to work with these numbers when they are written in scientific notation.In this problem, there are two significant figures. The final answer should also have two significant figures.
All scientific notation should have a non-zero number, followed by a decimal point to it's right, followed by remaining significant figures after that. The first non-zero number is 1, so the decimal point should follow the 1.
Moving the decimal to the right decreases the power of ten. The current number can be expressed as
0.00010×[tex]10^{0}[/tex]
00.0010×[tex]10^{-1}[/tex]
000.010×[tex]10^{-2}[/tex]
0000.10×[tex]10^{-3}[/tex]
00001.0×[tex]10^{-4}[/tex]
You can write the final answer by ignoring the initial zeros
1.0×[tex]10^{-4}[/tex]
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A sample of gallium exists as two isotopes, 69 Ga, relative abundance of 61.2%, and 71 Ga, relative abundance of 38.8%. Calculate the relative atomic mass of gallium. Pls, help me!!!
The relative atomic mass of gallium, given that it exists as two isotopes is 69.776 amu
From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Mass of isotope A = 69Abundance of A (A%) = 61.2%Mass of isotope B = 71 Abundance of B (B%) = 38.8%Relative atomic mass =?How to determine the relative atomic massThe relative atomic mass of the isotope can be obtained as illustrated below:
Relative atomic mass = [(Mass of A × A%) / 100] + [(Mass of B × B%) / 100]
Relative atomic mass = [(69 × 61.2) / 100] + [(71 × 38.8) / 100]
Relative atomic mass = 42.228 + 27.548
Relative atomic mass = 69.776 amu
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The km of an enzyme is 5. 0 mm. Calculate the substrate concentration when this enzyme operates at one‑quarter of its maximum rate.
The substrate concentration of this enzyme operates at one‑quarter of its maximum rate is = 0.333.
What is the relationship between Km and substrate concentration?In practice, Km is the concentration of substrate that allows the enzyme to achieve half Vmax. An enzyme with a high Km has a low affinity for its substrate and requires a higher concentration of substrate to achieve Vmax." Because Km is a constant, increasing the substrate concentration has no effect on it. The substrate concentration Km corresponds to the substrate concentration at which the reaction rate of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction is half of the maximum reaction rate Vmax.Steps of the equation :
[tex]V_{0} = \frac{V_{max}[5] }{[5]+Km}[/tex]
Fraction of [tex]V_{max}[/tex] :
[tex]\frac{V_{0} }{V_{max}} = \frac{[5]}{[5] + Km} = \frac{0.5 Km}{1.50 + Km} = 0.333[/tex]
The substrate concentration of this enzyme operates at one‑quarter of its maximum rate is = 0.333.
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Describe what the whole number is called that comes before a compound and what its purpose is.
The whole number that comes before a compound is called a coefficient and it is used to balance the compound in a chemical equation.
What is a chemical compound?Chemical compounds is defined as those substances which are made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined together.
The combination of two compounds that reacts are called the reactants while the compounds that are formed are called the products.
The reaction that leads to the formation of products needs to be balanced using whole numbers in front of the chemical compounds.
For example,
[tex]H_{2}[/tex] +[tex]O_{2}[/tex] --->[tex]H_{2} O[/tex]
To balance the above equation, the whole number 2 is inserted infront of hydrogen and the water molecule that is formed. That is,
[tex]2H_{2} +O_{2} --- > 2H_{2} O[/tex]
Therefore, the whole number that comes before a compound is called a coefficient and it is used to balance the compound in a chemical equation.
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Consider the model of a sodium atom. An orange circle labeled upper n a is surrounded by three concentric circles. The innermost ring has dots at the north and south positions. The next ring has eight dots, evenly spaced, with dots aligning with those in the inner ring. The outermost ring has one dot at the north position. Which feature does the model show accurately?.
Consider the model of a sodium atom. An orange circle labeled upper n a is surrounded by three concentric circles. The innermost ring has dots at the north and south positions. The next ring has eight dots, evenly spaced, with dots aligning with those in the inner ring. The outermost ring has one dot at the north position. The distribution of electrons in different shells feature does the model show accurately.
Using the atomic number of each element, we may depict its atomic structure. Therefore, you must first know the atomic number of sodium in order to depict its atomic structure.
The sodium atom has a number of 11. Any element's atomic number describes how many electrons are present in one of its atoms.
Always start your sentence with the element's atomic number. Knowing an object's atomic number also lets you know how many protons and electrons it contains. The number of protons and electrons is the same as it is in every stable atom. Consequently, you are also aware of the quantity of electrons.
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The complete question is ''Consider the model of a sodium atom. An orange circle labeled upper N a is surrounded by three concentric circles. The innermost ring has dots at the north and south positions. The next ring has eight dots, evenly spaced, with dots aligning with those in the inner ring. The outermost ring has one dot at the north position. Which feature does the model show accurately?
A) the size of the electrons in different shells
B) the shapes of the orbitals in different shells
C)the distribution of electrons in different shells
D)the orientation of the orbitals in different shells
Exclusive of compounds with double bonds, four hydrocarbons are constitutional isomers of cis− and trans−1,2−dimethylcyclopropane. Select the names of these four compounds
The names of these constitutional isomers are cyclopentane, methylcyclobutane, ethylcyclopropane, and 1,1-dimethylcyclopropane.
Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formula. This means that they have the same number of carbon and hydrogen atoms, with a general formula of:
[tex]C_{5} H_{12}[/tex]
When we consider the possible structures, the first option is cyclopentane, the simplest five-membered ring. When we reduce the ring to four carbons, we have the methylcyclobutane and when we reduce it to three carbons, we can arrange the other two carbons in an ethyl group or we can put two methyl groups on a single carbon atom to get the final two constitutional isomers.
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Can someone help me finish this? (images attached)
Answer: Number 7 is molecules, Number 3 is the nuclear force, Number 8 is chemical
Explanation: For number 3 I don't know what other name is their for the nuclear force.
I hope this helped!
I need help with this chemistry question.
If the percent by mass of carbon in sucrose is 42.2%, then how many grams of carbon are in a 30.0 g sample of sucrose?
_______________ g
Use the correct sigfigs in your answer or the computer will mark it incorrect
Answer:
12.66g
Explanation:
42.2% of 30.0g
=42.2/100 * 30.0
=0.422*30.0
12.66g
Which blood vessels serve the body cells?
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
Plasma
Answer: The blood vessels that serve the body cells is Capillaries.
Explanation: The tiniest blood vessels in the body, capillaries link the tiniest arteries to the tiniest veins. Because they provide oxygen and nourishment to every cell in the body and remove carbon dioxide so that it may be expelled, these capillaries are frequently referred to as the "microcirculation."
4 a Write a word equation for the reaction of lithium with
water.
b The pH of the water changes. Why?
The word equation for the reaction of lithium with water is:
Lithium + Water → Lithium hydroxide + Hydrogen
The pH of water changes due to the solution being basic because of the dissolved hydroxide.
Due to its lower density than water, lithium floats on the surface while fizzing and emitting hydrogen gas. It gradually transforms into a colorless solution of lithium hydroxide and disintegrates.
In this reaction, 2 moles of Li react with 2 moles of water to form 2 moles of LiOH and 1 mole of hydrogen gas.
Therefore, the correct equation is
2Li + 2H₂O→ 2LiOH + H₂
As, before the pH of water is nearly neutral but with the formation of lithium hydroxide which is a strong base the pH changes to basic.
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How many moles of atoms are in 50 atoms Ba
moles of atoms in 50 atoms of barium are 301.15 × 10^23
We may determine how many chemicals or particles are included in one mole using Avogadro's number.Chemistry's fundamental building block is an atom. It is the smallest fraction of matter into which electrically charged particles cannot be released. It is also the smallest piece of substance with chemical element-like characteristics.A mole of any substance is equal to 6.023 x 10^23, or Avogadro's number. Additionally, it is employed to express concentrations in terms of moles per litre or molecular weight.The number of atoms in exactly 12 grammes of pure carbon-12 is the value of a mole.Chemical element barium has the chemical symbol Ba and atomic number 56. In group 2, it is the fifth element.1 mole of substance = 6.023 x 10^23
so in 50 atoms of Ba = 50 × 6.023 × 10^23
= 301.15 × 10^23
Therefore, moles in 50 atoms of Ba is 301.15 × 10^23.
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19. When are ionic bonds formed.
When electrons are transferred between two atoms.
O When covalent compounds are melted.
When electrons are shared between two atoms.
When ionic compounds are melted.
Answer:
when electrons are shared between two atoms
Explanation:
Ionic bonding is when two elements gain and lose electrons and protons until their last shell is full
The four essential elements for life are _______. a. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen b. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and iron c. carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and magnesium d. iron, nitrogen, oxygen and magnesium please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Explanation:
it suppose to be oxygen hydrogen nitrogen and phosphorus
its A fr fr ong like this is fax
the reaction of cr2o3 with silicon metal at high temperatures will make chromium metal. $$ the reaction is begun with 74.00 g of si and 116.00 g of cr2o3.
The limiting reactant is Cr₂O₃ and the left mass of the excess reactant after the reaction is complete is 41.847 grams.
Solution:The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
2Cr₂O₃(s) + 3 Si(s) → 4Cr(l) + 3SiO₂(s)
Moles of Si = Mass Si / Molar mass Si
= 74 g / 28.0855 g/mol
= 2.634 mol
Moles of Cr₂O₃ = Mass Cr₂O₃ / Molar Mass Cr₂O₃
= 116 g / 151.99 g/mol
= 0.763 mol
Since Cr₂O₃ is in a lesser amount, so it is the limiting reactant and hence the excess reactant is Si.
The amount of Si used to reactant with limiting reactant is:
= 116.00 g of Cr₂O₃ ×( 1 mol of Cr₂O₃/ 151.99 g of Cr₂O₃)× (3 mol Si / 2 mol Cr₂O₃) × ( 28.0855 g Si / 1 mol Si)
= 32.153 g Si
Amount of excess reactant(Si) left = 74.00 g - 32.153 g = 41.847 g
So, after the reaction is completed, 41.847 g of excess reactant(Si) is left.
What is a limiting reactant?Another name for a limiting reagent is a limiting reactant. The reactant having the lowest mole for one molecule is known as a limiting reactant or limiting reagent. When the reaction will end is determined by a limiting reactant. It is basically the reactant that is consumed first in a chemical reaction, which limits the amount of product that can be produced. The mole ratios from the balanced chemical equation are used in each of the numerous methods for identifying the limiting reactant.
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The full question is :
"The reaction of Cr₂O₃ with silicon metal at high temperatures will make chromium metal.
2Cr₂O₃(s) + 3 Si(s) → 4Cr(l) + 3SiO₂(s)
The reaction is begun with 74.00 grams of Si and 116.00 grams of Cr₂O₃. What is the limiting reactant? How many grams of the excess reactant is left after the reaction is complete? "
A sample of 0.2655 g of an unknown monoprotic acid was dissolved in 25.0 ml of water and titrated with 0.0950 mnaoh. the acid required 30.0 ml of base to reach the equivalence point.
The molar mass of the monoprotic acid is 93.16 g/mol.
Because the acid (HA) is monoprotic, it reacts with NaOH like this:
[tex]HA + NaOH[/tex] → [tex]NaA + H_{2}O[/tex]
The ratio in which HA and NaOH react is 1:1. This means that the amount of NaOH expended will be equal to the amount of acid in the sample.
c = n/V, so n = c x V = 0.0950 M x 0.0300 L = 0.00285 mol of NaOH and HA
From this, we can now calculate the molar mass of the acid.
n = m/M, so M = m/n = 0.2655 g / 0.00285 mol = 93.16 g/mol
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Need help very fast on this hard question
A sample of baking soda contains 34.48 g of sodium, 1.51 g of hydrogen, 18.02 g of carbon, and 72.00 g of oxygen.
a. What is the total mass of the sample? ______________g
Remember the addition rule for sigfigs
b. What is the percent by mass of each element in baking soda? Remember the sigfig rule for division
Sodium ______________%
Hydrogen ______________%
Carbon ______________%
Oxygen ______________%
Follow sigfig rules for division; answers will be marked incorrect by the computer if you do not use the correct sigfigs in your final answer
Answer:
The total mass is "126.01"
The sodium is "0.2736"
The hydrogen is "1.20"
The carbon is "14.30"
The oxygen is "57.14"
- From my chemistry teacher, we did this in class
(HELP!) This is a conversion problem (listed in the photo below) that needs work shown. I figured out the correct overall answer, but I'm pretty sure I used calculations that you are not supposed to use when solving it professionally.
The using conversion factor the time it takes the slug to run a marathon of 26.2 miles is 148 days
What is conversion factor?Conversion factor is a ratio or factor usaed to convert from one physical units to the other.
How long will it take a slug to run a marathon 26.2 miles?The time it takes the slug to run the marathon is t = d/v where
d = distance and v = speed of slugGiven that
d = 26.2 miles and v = 0.0229 mm/s,Using conversion factor from the table, we convert the distance to mm.
So, d = 26.2 miles
= 26.2 mile × 5280 ft/1 mile × 1 in/12 ft × 2.54 cm/1 in
= 351373.44/12 cm
= 29281.12 cm
= 29281.12 cm × 10 mm/1cm
= 292811.2 mm
So, the time t = d/v
= 292811.2 mm/0.0229 mm/s
= 12786515.2838 s
We now use conversion factor from the table to convert this time to days
t = 12786515.2838 s × 1 min/60 s × 1 h/60 min × 1 day/24 hours = 12786515.2838 s × 1 day/86400 s
= 147.99 days
≅ 148 days
So, using conversion factor the time it takes the slug to run a marathon of 26.2 miles is 148 days
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Which quantity expresses the sum of 22.1 g + 375.66 g + 5400.132 g to the correct number of
significant figures?
1) 5800 g
2) 5798 g
3) 5797.9 g
4) 5797.892 g
The quantity that expresses the sum of the given parameters is =5797.9g. That is option 3.
Calculation of the give figureSummation is the addition of figures to achieve a significant figure.
Significant figures on the other hand is the representation of digits in numbers that are reliable and accurate.
The given figures include the following:
= 22.1 g + 375.66 g + 5400.132 g
= 5797.892
= 5797.9g
5797.9g is the correct significant figure because the digit at the second decimal place is greater than five which is counted as one and is added to the next figure making it up to 9.
Therefore, the quantity that expresses the sum of the given parameters is =5797.9 g .
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Testing for pH levels can be useful in a variety of ways. Healthcare professionals may use pH tests on saliva or urine samples to help diagnose disorders. pH tests are also performed in the home on water samples from, for example, swimming pools.
3. pH strips measure the number of
__ in a solution.
Answer choices:
ions
charges
protons
What is the mass of an object when the triple beam balance reads 100.00 g, 20.00 g, 0.20 g, and 0.05 g?
PLease help love it to be over 9th answering please and thank you!!!
Answer:
search from website please
A quasi-equilibrium process is a process during which a system never remains in equilibrium at all times.
a. true
b. false
check my answers! please hurry ive been working on this test for over 2 hrs lol
Question 1: The periodic table is arranged by various patterns. Is there a pattern with regard to ionic charge? In three to five sentences, explain your reasoning and provide specific examples.
Question 1 Answer: Negative ions increase in magnitude from right to left, whereas positive ions increase in magnitude from left to right. This is due to the fact that the left side of the periodic tale contains metals whereas the right side does not. As negative-charged electrons are always produced by metals, the element will become more positive when they are lost.
Question 2: Moving from the element with atomic number 10 to atomic number 11 on the periodic table, there is a change in reactivity. In three to five sentences, identify the direction of the change, and give two reasons for the change.
Question 2 Answer: The atomic number of sodium is 11, while neon is 10. Since neon has an outer shell made entirely of electrons, it doesn't interact with the other elements. The extra electron in sodium is located in the outer shell and there is one extra proton as well. By either losing one electron or gaining seven more, it might fill that shell. Since it will start losing that electron, sodium is a much more reactive element then neon.
Positive ions grow in magnitude from left to right, while negative ions grow in magnitude from right to left.
What are ions?Any atom or collection of atoms with one or more positive or negative electrical charges is known as an ion.
The periodic table shows that there are more valence electrons on the right than the left. The maximum amount of ionic charge that an element can hold fluctuates as the number of valence electrons rises.
Second, metals on the periodic table's left side primarily produce positively charged ions. These ions get stronger over time, increasing in size.
The negative charges on the ions that non metals on the right side of the periodic table produce have a diminishing magnitude over time.
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12. which property of a mixture could be used to tell the difference between a
container of salt water and a container of distilled water?
a. a mixture is not uniform.
b. a mixture contains more than one identifiable particle.
c. a mixture looks different than the pure substances from which it is made.
d. a mixture has different melting and boiling points than the pure substances
from which it is made.
Option (d) a mixture has different melting and boiling points than the pure substances from which it is made.
This property of a mixture can be used to tell the difference between a container of salt water and a container of distilled water as the two given mixtures are homogeneous mixture as they have a uniform composition throughout the substance.
The properties of the mixture i.e. the melting point and boiling point of a mixture vary depending on the particles present in it.The particles of the pure substances in a homogeneous mixture can't get separated due to their small size.The resultant of mixing two pure substances giving a new product without inseparable pure substance is termed as Solution.Therefore the given two mixtures are solution and hence they have different melting and boiling points than the pure substances from which they are made of.
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Which of the following has the largest second ionization energy and WHY?
A) Ca
B) Ga
C) Ge
D) K
E) Se
Ca has the largest second ionization energy of 589.8 kJ/mol .
The second ionization energy of an element is usually greater than the first because positive charge more strongly attracts electrons than negative charge.
What is ionization energy?Ionization energy, also known as ionization energy, is the minimal amount of energy needed to liberate the most loosely bound electron from an isolated gaseous atom, positive ion, or molecule in physics and chemistry.
Ionization energy, also known as ionization potential, is the quantity of energy needed to remove an electron from an isolated atom or molecule in physics and chemistry.
Ionization energy can be defined simply as a measurement of how difficult it is to remove an electron from an atom or ion or of an atom's or ion's propensity to give up an electron.
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