The Phlogiston Theory of ordinary burning posited that the materials that were combustible all contained a material called Phlogiston.
What is the Phlogiston Theory of ordinary burning?
In science, theories are often put forward to explain a phenomenon. theory may not survive the test of time when contrary evidences begin to emerge.
The Phlogiston Theory of ordinary burning posited that the materials that were combustible all contained a material called Phlogiston which is released when the material is burnt.
However, Lavoisier was able to show by experiment that this position was a mere speculation and the the combustion of a substance was due to its reaction with oxygen.
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a certain ore is 28.4% nickel by mass. how many kilograms of this ore would you need to dig up to have 60.0 g of nickel?
A certain ore is 28.4% nickel by mass you need to dig up 473.33g for 60.0g of nickel.
In each kilogram of ore you would have 28.4×1kg=28.4 kilogram of nickel or 28.4×1000=28,400
So, for 60.0g 60/28400=473.33 kilogram
You need only to dig 473.33 kilogram of ore.
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1.Why exceptions to the ionization occur?
2. Name an exception to the ionization trend
A video shows the objects in the solar system orbiting the sun. Why do objects orbit the sun?
A:The sun is so massive that it creates gravity.
B:The sun is so bright that objects are forced away.
C:The sun is releasing heat and pushing objects away.
D:The sun is moving so quickly that other objects move around it
Objects orbit the sun because the sun is so massive that it creates gravity, hence, option A.
According to Sir Isaac Newton, all objects, big or small, are attracted to each other by a force. This force could be strong or weak, depending on the size of the objects and the distance between the two objects. This force is called gravity.
The force of gravity can be felt here on earth. It is the force that is constantly pulling everything towards the center of the earth. However, for an object as massive as the sun, the gravitational field it creates is so strong that it constantly pulls all the planets towards itself. Due to inertia, the planets don't just fall in a straight line towards the sun. Instead, they trace a circular path around the sun called an orbit.
The force of gravity gets weaker as the distance between two objects increase. Hence, planets far away from the sun tend to move slower than planets closer to the sun.
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(c) A sample of rust had the following composition:
51.85g of iron
22.22g of oxygen
16.67 g of water.
Calculate the following and then write the formula for this sample of rust.
number of moles of iron atoms, Fe =
number of moles of oxygen atoms, O =
number of moles of water molecules, H₂O =
simplest mole ratio Fe: O: H₂O is ........
formula for this sample of rust is
.......:
Rust is a flaky reddish brown layer that forms on metal. Rust is a Hydrated Iron (III) Oxide with the chemical formula Fe₂O₃ + H₂O.
Now, as per the question:
Mass of Iron = 51.85g
Mass of Oxygen = 22.22g
Mass of Water = 16.67g
Therefore,
Moles of Iron, Fe = [tex]\frac{ 51.85}{ 55.84}[/tex] mol
Moles of Oxygen, O = [tex]\frac{22.22}{15.99 }[/tex] mol
Moles of Water, H₂O = [tex]\frac{16.67}{18.01}[/tex] mol
Simplest mole ratio:
Fe: O: H₂O :: [tex]\frac{ 51.85}{ 55.84}[/tex] : [tex]\frac{22.22}{15.99 }[/tex] : [tex]\frac{16.67}{18.01}[/tex]
Fe: O: H₂O :: 0.92 : 1.38 : 0.92
Thus, the simplest mole ratio of Fe: O: H₂O is 0.92 : 1.38 : 0.92.
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Convert 300.0mm into m using dimensional analysis
Answer:
How to Convert Millimeters to Meters. To convert a millimeter measurement to a meter measurement, divide the length by the conversion ratio. The length in meters is equal to the millimeters divided by 1,000.
Explanation:
difference between carbonic acid and Sulphuric acid
Answer:
Because HSO4- has sulfur, which has a greater electronegativity than carbon, the anion is more stable (Due to electron delocalization) and thus its acid is stronger.
Explanation:
Sulfuric acid is very reactive and dissolves most metals, it is a concentrated acid that oxidizes, dehydrates, or sulfonates most organic compounds, often causes charring.
Sulphuric acid is produced from sulphur. Sulphur dioxide is first obtained by the burning of the molten sulphur in presence of air.
Which compound is composed of calcium and chlorine?
Answer:
CaCl2, because calcium loses two electrons and chlorine gains one electron.
Explanation:
What defines our current ‘standard’ for one meter?
water molecules are made of hydrogen atom(s) and oxygen atom(s). (use only one number per blank.) quiozlet
Water molecules are made of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen atom. H2O.
Two hydrogen atoms bound together by covalent bonds to one oxygen atom make up a water molecule. The shared electrons in covalent bonds are drawn to oxygen atoms because they are electronegative.Polar covalent bonds are present. Due to the extra electron sharing, oxygen atoms have a tiny negative charge, whereas hydrogen atoms have a slight positive charge (from the extra un-neutralized protons).The minor negative charges on the oxygen atoms of other water molecules are drawn to the slight positive charges on the hydrogen atoms in a water molecule. This bond is called hydrogen bond which is weak bond. A liquid state of water is due to these small, weak hydrogen bonds.It can be concluded that hydrogen atom have 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen atom which are bounded together by covalent bond.
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Gold can be hammered into extremely thin sheets called gold leaf. An architect wants to cover a 100 ft x 28 ft ceiling with gold leaf that is five-millionths of an inch thick. The density of gold is 19.32 g/cm^3, and gold costs $1654 per troy ounce ( 1 troy ounce =31.1035 g). How much will it cost the architect to buy the necessary gold?
Based on the calculations, it would cost the architect $33,940.08 to buy the necessary gold.
What is density?Density can be defined as a ratio of mass to the volume of an object such as a baseball. Mathematically, the density of a baseball can be calculated by using this formula:
Density = M/V
Where:
M represents the mass of a physical object.V represents the volume of a physical object.How to determine the cost of gold needed?First of all, we would determine the volume of gold that is required in cubic centimeters as follows:
Conversion factor:
12 inches = 1 foot
Volume = 100 × 12 × 28 × 12 × 5 × 10⁻⁶
Volume = 2.016 in³
In cubic centimeters, we have:
Volume = 2.016 × 2.54³
Volume = 33.04 cubic centimeters.
Next, we would determine the mass of gold required:
Mass = Density × Volume
Mass = 19.32 × 33.04
Mass = 638.33 grams.
Converting the mass in grams to troy ounces, we have:
Mass = 638.33/31.1035
Mass = 20.52 troy ounce
Now, we can determine the total cost of gold needed:
Total cost of gold = 20.52 × $1654
Total cost of gold = $33,940.08.
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How do I do this partial pressure problem? (AP CHEM)
The partial pressure of H(g) is 1.07 atm.
What is the partial pressure?We know that the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the individual pressure of the gases. Now we know from the Dalton law of partial pressure that the total pressure PT = PA + PB + PC + ........
Thus, the molecular hydrogen has a pressure of 2.14 atm and this molecular hydrogen is made to decompose. The partial pressure of each of the H(g) is 2.14/2 = 1.07 atm.
Hence, the partial pressure of H(g) is 1.07 atm.
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What do sound waves and infrared waves have in common, and what makes them different?
Both carry energy through space, but sound waves are mechanical and infrared waves are electromagnetic.
Both can transfer energy through matter, but sound waves travel through air and infrared waves travel through space.
Both can transfer energy through matter, but sound waves can be heard and infrared waves can be seen.
Both carry energy through space, but sound waves require matter to pass through and infrared waves do not.
Wave X and Wave Y are mechanical waves, and Wave Z is an electromagnetic wave.
Wave X and Wave Y are electromagnetic waves, and Wave Z is a mechanical wave.
Wave X and Wave Z are electromagnetic waves, and Wave Y is a mechanical wave.
Wave X and Wave Z are mechanical waves, and Wave Y is an electromagnetic wave.
The statement that describes the similarity and difference between sound and infrared waves is as follows: both carry energy through space, but sound waves are mechanical and infrared waves are electromagnetic (option A).
What are sound waves?Sound waves are the longitudinal waves of pressure that is transmitted through any plastic material i.e. audible sound.
Also, infrared waves are electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than visible light, but shorter than microwave radiation, having a wavelength between 700nm and 1mm.
Both sound and infrared waves carry energy, however, the difference between both waves is that sound waves are mechanical and infrared waves are electromagnetic.
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At constant temperature, the behavior of a sample of a real gas more closely approximates that of an ideal gas as its volume is increased because the.
At constant temperature, the behavior of a sample of a real gas more closely approximates that of an ideal gas as its volume is increased because the (D) Average distance between molecules becomes greater.
An ideal gas is:
1) made up of molecules which are in constant random motion in straight lines.
2) all collisions are perfectly elastic, there is no loss of kinetic energy during the collision.
3) follows ideal gas law: p·V = n·R·T.
4) the gas particles have negligible volume.
At low temperatures, volume of the gas is not negligible.
Real gases may be expected to deviate from Charles's law at high pressures.
Real gases may be expected to deviate from Charles's law near the liquefaction temperature.
Missing options:
(A) Collisions with the walls of the container become less frequent
(B) Average molecular speed decreases
(C) Molecules have expanded
(D) Average distance between molecules becomes greater
(E) Average molecular kinetic energy decreases
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__________________________ which is a sickness caused by ingesting harmful bacteria, and can be prevented by cooking meat and eggs at a proper temperature.
Food poisoning
decomposition
influenza
Strep throat
DEFINE HEAT please help!
Answer:
A
Explanation:
heat is how hot something is
15) 1 The formula of methane is CH4 and the formula of ethane is C₂H6.
Which row describes diffusion and the relative rates of diffusion of methane and ethane?
The relative rate of diffusion is faster of methane than methane and particles move from high concentration to low concentration.
Diffusion is the spreading of particle from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move in the presence of a concentration gradient. All living things go through this crucial phase. The movement of chemicals into and out of cells is aided by diffusion.
The molecular weight of methane is lower than the molecular weight of ethane so lower the molecular weight easier will be its diffusion. So, methane will diffuse more easily than ethane.
So, According to the question, row B describes diffusion and the relative rates of diffusion of methane and ethane.
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Your question is incomplete. Please find the missing image below.
Iodine is often seen as an example of a substance
that changes directly from a solid to a gas. However,
data books that give the standard physical
measurements for substances show values for the
melting point (114 °C) and boiling point (184 °C) of
iodine at atmospheric pressure.
a
Explain why iodine seems to miss out the
liquid stage if crystals are heated strongly in a
boiling tube.
b Suggest how you could demonstrate that iodine
can melt to form a liquid at atmospheric pressure.
The correct answer is :
a) The van der Waals forces are easily overcome and the molecule easily transitions into the gas phase when iodine crystals are heated. They dissolve into a dense cloud of purple colour.
London dispersion forces are another name for van der Waals forces.
Actually, the non-polar molecule is subject to these weak electrostatic forces. Or, to put it another way, since these are the only forces that interact with non-polar molecules, we can say that they are accountable for the neutral atom's existence.
The transitory or temporary dipoles produced in the non-polar elements are attracted to one another by these Van der Waals forces.
b) Iron nail (Ferrum) reacts with copper sulphate (CuSO 4) when it is dipped in it, changing the substance's colour from blue to pale green. This demonstrates that iron is more reactive than copper since it may take the place of copper in CuSO4.
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is it true or false an oxygen atom has the same atomic number as hydrogen atom?
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Hydrogen atoms contain 1 proton and have an atomic number of 1. Oxygen atoms contain 8 protons and have an atomic number of 8.
Joshua is preparing a report to show the relationship between average kinetic energy and temperature. Is his graph accurate? Explain your answer
Yes his graph is accurate.
Average kinetic energy- The kinetic energy of each particle in a sample of matter varies with temperature. Instead, a wide range of kinetic energies are visible in the particles. The majority of the particle's kinetic energies fall somewhere in the middle of the range. However, a few particles have kinetic energies that are significantly lower or greater than the norm.
The average kinetic energy of a sample of matter reduces as it continues to cool. One would anticipate that the particles will eventually come to a complete stop. The temperature at which particles should theoretically stop moving is absolute zero. Temperatures on the order of 1 x 10∧ -10 K have been reached in the lab, but absolute zero has never been. Since the Kelvin temperature scale is based on molecular motion, absolute zero is often referred to as 0K. The average kinetic energy of a substance's particles directly relates to the substance's Kelvin temperature. For instance, the average kinetic energy of the particles in a sample of hydrogen gas at 200K is twice that of the particles in the same sample at 100K.
Relation between Average kinetic energy and temperature-
The relationship between a substance's temperature and its average particle kinetic energy is direct. These particles' constant mass means they must move more swiftly as the temperature rises.
KE ∝ T
Hence, the graph is accurate.
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Your question is incomplete. Please find the missing image below.
according to the following reaction, how many moles of silver chloride will be formed upon the complete reaction of 25.5 grams of silver nitrate with excess copper(ii) chloride?
Upon the complete reaction of 25.5 grams of silver nitrate with excess copper(ii) chloride, 0.075 moles of silver chloride will be formed.
When silver nitrate reacts with copper(II) chloride, silver chloride and copper(II) nitrate are produced. The balanced equation for this reaction is:
[tex]2AgNO_{3(aq)} +CuCl_{2(s)}[/tex] ⇒ [tex]2AgCl_{(s)} +Cu(NO_{3})x_{2(aq)}[/tex]
Using the formula to find the molar mass M = m / n, get the number of moles of silver nitrate when its mass is 25.5 grams.
M = m / n
where M = molar mass
m = mass of a substance
n = number of moles of the substance
M = m / n
169.87 g/mol = 25.5 grams / n mol
n = 0.1501147937 mol
From the balanced equation of the reaction, 2 moles of silver nitrate reacted with 1 mole of copper(ii) chloride will produce 2 moles of silver chloride and 1 mole copper(II) nitrate.
If 25.5 grams of silver nitrate is equal to 0.1501147937 mol, and for every 2 moles of it will produce 1 mole of silver chloride, then the reaction will produce 0.075 mol silver chloride.
n = 0.1501147937 mol / 2
n = 0.07505739683 mol
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Use the atomic mass of indium to calculate the relative abundance of indium-113.
The relative abundance of indium-113 is 4%.
The isotopes are species of the same element having the same atomic number but a different mass number.
The elements occurring in nature exist as multiple isotopes.
When we take into account the existence of these isotopes and their relative abundance (percent), the average atomic mass of that element can be computed, which is given by the following formula,
Average atomic Mass= (%age of isotope 1) x (Mass of isotope 1) + (%age of isotope 2) x (Mass of isotope 2)/100
Indium exists in the form of Indium-113 and Indium-115.
The mass of Indium-113 is 112.90 u.
The mass of Indium-115 is 114.90 u.
The average atomic mass of Indium is 114.82 u.
Let the %age of isotope 1(Indium-113) be X.
Then, the %age of isotope 2(Indium-115) would be 100-X.
Applying the values in the formula,
Average atomic mass = 112.90X+114.90(100-X)
114.82 = 112.90X+114.90(100-X)
On solving the above equation, the value of X comes out to be 4%.
Thus, the relative abundance/%age abundance of Indium-113 is 4%.
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Calculate the maximum wavelength of light capable of dissociating the i–i bond in one molecule of iodine if the bond energy, or bond dissociation energy, is 153 kj/mol.
The iodine molecule's i-i bond can be broken by light at a maximum wavelength of =782.39 nm.
The wavelength, what is it?A waveform signal's wavelength is defined as the separation between two identical points (adjacent crests) in adjacent cycles as the signal travels through space or along a wire. This length in wireless systems is typically expressed in meters (m), centimeters (cm), or millimeters (mm) (mm).
Light with a specific wavelength has the following energy:
E = hc/λ
E = energy of light
h = planck's constant = 6.626*10⁻³⁴J-s
c = speed of light = 3*10⁸ m/s
We are given bond energy of one mole i–i , but we are required to dissociate one molecule of bromine monochloride bond.
Bond energy of one mole i–i = 153kJ/mol ( 1 mol = 6.022*10²³ )
Bond energy of one molecule of i–i = 153/6.022*10²³ kJ/molecule (1kJ = 1000J)
E = (153)*(1000)/(6.022*10²³ )J/molecule (Multiplied 1000 to change kJ to J)
E = hc/λ
153*(1000)/6.022*10²³ = 6.626*10⁻³⁴*3*10⁸×λ
λ = 782.39nm
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In this experiment you are going to use 100. Mg of sodium borohydride. How many moles of sodium borohydride will you use?.
2.64×10⁻³ (0.00264) moles of sodium borohydride will be used.
m(NaBH₄) = 100 mg ÷ 1000 mg/g
m(NaBH₄) = 0.1 g; mass of sodium borohydride
M(NaBH₄) = 37.83 g/mol; molar mass of sodium borohydride
n(NaBH₄) = m(NaBH₄) ÷ M(NaBH₄)
n(NaBH₄) = 0.1 g ÷ 37.83 g/mol
n(NaBH₄) = 0.00264 mol; amount of sodium borohydride
Sodium borohydride is white solid and it is a reducing agent.
Sodium tetrahydridoborate is an inorganic compound with the formula NaBH₄.
Mass is a fundamental measure of the amount of matter in the object.
Kilogram (symbol: kg) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units.
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when was the last year the theory of understanding the energetics and arrangement of atoms was developed
In 1897 the theory of understanding the energetics and arrangement of atoms was developed by Josheph Larmor.
It is also called solar system model of atom.
What is solar system model of atom?The “solar system” model indicates an atom as a whole massive positive body that is the nucleus similar to the sun in the solar system with negative entities that are the electrons as the planets in our solar system revolving around it.
Why this model not accepted?The thought about this model is that the electrons which revolves around the nucleus are the charged particles which have centripetal acceleration during the revolution. Even if they all are travelling at the same velocity in modulus, the trajectory of their velocity varies with respect to time which resulting in the centripetal acceleration. An accelerated charge particle will emit energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. This results in the loss of energy which causes the charged particle to fall inside the nucleus. Therefore, this fails to happen.
Thus, we concluded that In 1897 the theory of understanding the energetics and arrangement of atoms was developed.
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1. A student averaged 45 miles per hour on a trip. What was his speed in kilometers per
second?
Answer: 0.0201 km per second
Explanation:
45 miles per hour = 0.0125 miles per second = 0.0201 km per second
Calcium carbonate decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. If 224 g of calcium carbonate decomposes, how many moles of carbon dioxide gas is produced?.
What is produced is 2.24 moles of carbon dioxide.
What is the number of moles of carbon dioxide?We have to apply the stoichiometry of this reaction in trying to answer this question. Recall that what we have here is a decomposition reaction. The calcium carbonate is decomposed to give calcium oxide and carbon dioxide.
Number of moles of calcium carbonate = 224 g/100 g/mol = 2.24 moles
We can see that the reaction is 1:1 hence, the number of moles of carbon dioxide that would be produced in this reaction would also be 2.24 moles of carbon dioxide.
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The number of moles of carbon dioxide gas produced from the reaction is 2.24 mole
How to determine the moles of calcium carbonate, CaCO₃Mass of CaCO₃ = 224 gMolar mass of CaCO₃ = 100 g/molMole of CaCO₃ =?Mole = mass / molar mass
Mole of CaCO₃ = 224 / 100
Mole of CaCO₃ = 2.24 moles
Balanced equationCaCO₃ -> CaO + CO₂
From the balanced equation above,
1 mole of CaCO₃ decomposed to produce 1 mole of CO₂
How to determine the mole of CO₂ produced from the reactionFrom the balanced equation above,
1 mole of CaCO₃ decomposed to produce 1 mole of CO₂
Therefore,
2.24 moles of CaCO₃ will also decompose to produce 2.24 moles of CO₂
Thus, 2.24 moles of CO₂ were produced from the reaction
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which bonds maintain the primary structure of a protein? question 7 options: ionic bonds hydrogen bonds peptide bonds disulfide bonds\\
Proteins have four structures primary, secondary,m tertiary, and quaternary. The primary structure of the protein has been known to have peptide bonds. Thus, option C is correct.
What are peptide bonds?Peptide bonds are the chemical bonds that are involved in protein polymer formation by linking the amino acid chains. They are also called amide bonds that are present between the nitrogen and the carbonyl atom.
The primary structure of the proteins includes the amino linked by the peptide bonds that make them look like linear structures. The secondary structures have hydrogen bonds and the tertiary have ionic and hydrophilic hydrogen bonds.
Therefore, option C. the primary structure of the protein contains peptide bonds.
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How many grams of alcohol with a density of 0. 900 g/cm3 will have the same volume as 20. 0 g of mercury with a density of 13. 6 g/cm3?
The mass of alcohol with a density of 0.900 g/cm^3 that will have the same volume as 20 g of mercury with a density of 13.6 g/cm^3 will be 1.32 grams.
The density of a substance is given by the following formula:
Density = Mass/Volume
As 20 grams of mercury is given, we can calculate its volume using the above formula
13.6 = 20/Volume
The volume of mercury comes out to be 1.47 ml.
As the volume of mercury and alcohol is given the same in the question, we can calculate the mass of alcohol by again using the same formula
0.900 = Mass/1.47
Mass = 1.32 g
Hence, the mass of alcohol with a density of 0.900 g/cm^3 that will have the same volume as 20 g of mercury with a density of 13.6 g/cm^3 will be 1.32 grams.
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You determine that a sample of a compound contains 1. 4 mol c and 2. 1 mol h. What is the empirical formula for this compound?.
The empirical formula of the compound is C₄H₁.
An empirical formula represents the whole number ratio of various atoms present in a compound.
If the mass percent of various elements present in a compound is known, its empirical formula can be determined
We are given that a compound contains 4 mole C and 1 mole H.
Hence, the ratio of C: H is 4:1, which is already in the form of the simplest whole number.
Therefore, the empirical formula of the given compound is C₄H₁ and its molecular mass is 12 × 4 + 1 = 49u.
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the main function of a(n) is to help an interaction between two chemicals to occur, changing both chemicals.
The main function of a vitamin is to help interaction between two chemicals to occur, changing both chemicals.
What are vitamins?Vitamins can be defined as a special class of micronutrients that must be obtained from the diet in order to maintain body homeostasis, which can be liposoluble or hydrosoluble.
In conclusion, the main function of a vitamin is to help interaction between two chemicals to occur, changing both chemicals.
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