Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. One hormone could have opposing effects on different organs as e. cells in the different tissues would have epinephrine receptors coupled to different signaling pathways.
Hormones can help a cell to perform various specialized functions after it activates the receptors of the cell through which signal pathways are activated for the cell.
The receptors of a cell are linked to different cell signaling pathways and this is the reason that a hormone can produce two opposing effects in different types of cells.
The epinephrine hormone activates receptors of muscle cells that help in signaling pathways for the production of glycogen. The same epinephrine, in the airways, couples with a receptor that activates an inhibitory pathway for muscle contraction.
In this way, hormones help specialized cells to perform their functions by activating different signaling pathways.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. How could one hormone have opposing effects on different organs?
a. Cells in the tissues that are suppressed do not express an epinephrine receptor.
b. Cells in responsive tissues have signal transduction pathways.
c. Only responsive tissues are exposed to the epinephrine in the blood stream.
d. Cells in tissues that are not responsive contain enzymes that break down epinephrine when it enters the cell.
e. Cells in the different tissues would have epinephrine receptors coupled to different signaling pathways.
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The organelle that consists of a stack of 3-10 membranous discs associated with vesicles is the: ________
Answer:
1.The organelle that consists of a stack of 3-10 membranous discs associated with vesicles are
golpi apparatus.
Where is the crust thicker – under the continental shelf or under the oceans?
Answer:
Under the Continental shelf tends to be thicker.
Explanation:
Macronutrient recommendations for athletes, such as carbohydrates, are best expressed in what way due to the high amount of calories athletes need to consume?.
What are two things prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have?
Answer:
All cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA
Explanation:
How would changing temperature alter the enzymes function
Explain the difference between scientific knowledge coming from experts and scientific knowledge coming from the peer-review process .
The peer review process not only provides excellent expert recommendations, but it also serves as a strong incentive for authors to improve the quality of their paper.
Wat is peer review?Peer review is the process of work by one or more people who have similar competencies to the work's producers. It serves as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of the relevant profession.
Scientific knowledge is a body of trustworthy new information about the physical world. It is obtained through an intensive data collection, experimentation, and analysis process.
Scientific knowledge is a generalized body of laws and theories developed through the scientific method to explain a phenomenon or behavior of interest.
Theories are systematic explanations of the underlying phenomenon or behavior, whereas laws are observed patterns of phenomena or behaviors.
Thus, this is the difference in the given scenario.
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what macromolecules are these? Help me please
The macromolecules given are as follows:
1 is Lipid2 is a disaccharide3 is adenine4 is a monosaccharide5 is polypeptide6 is nucleic acidWhat are macromolecules?Macromolecules are those large molecules found in living organisms which play several important roles to ensure the continuous survival of the organism in its environment.
Macromolecules found in living organisms include the following:
proteinscarbohydrateslipidsnucleic acids, etc.The macromolecules are built up from smaller molecules or repeating monomers of the same compound.
For example carbohydrate macromolecules are built up from monosaccharide monomers such as glucose, and fructose. Also, carbohydrates may be disaccharides or oligosaccharides.
Proteins are polypeptides built up from amino acids monomers.
There are 20 different amino acids which are used in making proteins.
The bond linking two or more amino acids together are called peptide bonds, hence, proteins are called polypeptides. For example, when two amino acids are linked together, a dipeptide if formed.
Lipids are built of fatty acids and glycerol. Other lipids include cholesterol and other steroid lipids.
Nucleic acid are built up from sugars monomers, nitrogenous bases and phosphate group moieties.
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Why are scientists able to learn about the ancient atmosphere by studying the rocks that came into contact with the ancient atmosphere?
Answer: This is because the layers of these rocks were laid down at a very important period in the history of Earth's atmosphere. They formed at the same time that oxygen gas began to accumulate, or build up, in the atmosphere. So scientists study these rocks in order to learn about that time period.
Explanation:
Complete the food chain below. Fill in each circle with one of the organisms in Word Bank A. Next,
identify the role of each type of organism in the food chain by writing a label from Word Bank B on
the lines below the circles. Then, use the percentages in Word Bank C to show how much energy
is transferred to each organism on the lines above the circles.
Word Bank A:
Word Bank B:
Word Bank C:
bird
big fish
decomposers
decomposers herbivore
10%
small fish
primary producer
100%
algae
carnivore
0.1%
1%
The food chain for the ecosystem is;
primary producer -------> herbivore -------> Decomposer -----> Algae
What is food chain?The term food chain has to do with the movement of energy across the ecosystem. Let us recall that the ecosystem is a self sustaining unit in which there is an exchange of materials and energy. This implies that there must be a transfer of energy between the living and the non living parts of the ecosystem. The living parts of the ecosystem are the plants and the animals while the non living parts of the ecosystem are the climatic and the edaphic factors in the ecosystem.
Having said this, we are now to fil in the food chain. The food chain shows the relationship between the organisms in an ecosystem. It then follows that there is a 10% drop in energy as it is passed on from one trophic level to the next.
The food chain therefore is;
primary producer -------> herbivore -------> Decomposer -----> Algae
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The structure which regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called (surrounds the cell)
a: the nucleus
b: the cell wall
c: the nuclear membrane
d: the cell membrane
Answer:
D. The cell membrane
Explanation:
The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
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Glucose is normally moved from the intestinal lumen into the intestinal epithelial by active transport assuming that this transport mechanism is dysfunctional during a virus infection, propose a mechanism to explain why Pedialyte is useful as a treatment for children with a flu
Hydration is common advice when you get sick with the cold or the flu this mechanism will work just fine when the glucose transport is dysfunctional
Children and adults can both consume Pedialyte over the counter to rehydrate. Drinking enough water is conventional advice when you have the flu or a cold.
Depending on who is advising you, consuming water, tea, or the occasional Pedialyte regularly will aid in your recovery and reduce your symptoms. It's among the safest and most efficient therapies for mild to moderate dehydration.
If you've lost a lot of fluids, it works better than drinking merely water because it contains electrolytes.
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nitially, mendel used true-breeding strains of peas that only produced more pea plants with the same traits as the parents. which true-breeding strain of peas would be easier to produce: true-breeding peas with a trait caused by a dominant allele or a recessive allele? [hint: you really need to explore all the possibilities carefully]
The true breeding strain that will be easier to produce will be: true-breeding peas with a trait caused by a recessive allele.
A true-breeding strain is the one that is produced after continuous self-pollinations for several generations. True-breeding strain does not alter the traits when passed from the parents to the offspring. Both the alleles of the gene are the same when true-breeding.
Recessive allele is the one that cannot show its effect when present along with the dominant type of allele. It is easier to produce a true-breeding strain of recessive alleles because these can show their effect only when present in homozygous condition. Dominant allele on the other can show its effect even in heterozygous condition and hence it becomes difficult to determine if the trait is true-breeding or not.
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PLEASE HELP QUICKLY
Explain what change occurred with the moth population after the industrial revolution
The moth population is an evolutionary example of directional color change in the moth population as a consequence of air pollution during the Industrial Revolution. The frequency of dark-colored moths increased around this time, an example of industrial melanism.
What is the function of the moth?Lepidoptera, a group to which butterflies and moths belong, are important elements in nature. They serve as food for a multitude of animals, control populations of invasive plants and, especially, promote plant pollination.
What is the difference between moths and butterflies?Butterflies leave their wings together in an upright position when they are at rest. But moths leave their wings open, extended horizontally over the body. Finally, we can also differentiate them by their antennas. Butterflies have clavate antennae, that is, thin with a dilated tip.
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Natural chemicals in the brain that produce effects similar to those of morphine and other opium-derived drugs are called.
Answer:The answer is endorphins.
Explanation:Please give brainliest if right.
Directional selection can be distinguished from disruptive selection by _______. a. the elimination of extreme variations of traits b. selection for two extreme variations of a trait c. the preservation of gene frequencies d. selection for one extreme variation of a trait
Directional selection can be distinguished from disruptive selection by selection for one extreme variation of a trait.
Disruptive choice (uncountable) a type of natural selection when extreme levels for a trait are preferred over intermediate values, leading to the development of diverse adaptations in different subpopulations of the same species within the same habitat.
Darker oysters would mix better into shadows, whereas lighter oysters would blend into the rocks in the shallows. Both backdrops would be visible to the ones in the middle of the range, giving those oysters no advantage and making them easier prey.
When individuals with intermediate phenotypes are less fit than those with both higher and lower phenotypes, disruptive selection takes place and favours the extremes. If there are two different food sources or predators with different preferences, such as different prey sizes, this can happen.
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Answer:
d
Explanation:
HELLLPPPPP PLEASE I ONLY HAVE TONIGHT TO COMPLETE THIS
Which botanist came closest to the understanding of genetics and why?
Gregor Mendel discovered the basic laws of heredity through the study of peas. He concluded that genes come in pairs and are inherited as separate units, one from each parent.
Introducing an exotic species to an environment can
a. Cause native species to die out
c. improve soil fertility
b. Cause biological magnification
d. increase crop yields
Introducing an exotic species to an environment can cause native species to die out (Option A is correct).
What are exotic species?Exotic species are species that originated in a different environment and are introduced into a new ecosystem, which may be harmful to the equilibrium of the whole community by eliminating competence due to higher fitness (evolutionary fitness) and also altering other trophic relationships such as herbivore carnivore associations.
In conclusion, the introduction of exotic species to a new environment may cause native species to die out (Option A is correct).
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Flowering plants are first seen in fossils formed during the:
Answer:
Cretaceous period (aka the Mesozoic era)
Explanation:
One way to find the earliest flowering plant would be to find the earliest fossil of one. So far this has been from around 125 million years ago, in the Cretaceous period. Once flowering plants start appearing in the fossil record, they diversify rapidly.
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Answer true or false
___ Fibroblasts contain a large lipid droplet in their cytoplasm.
____ Collagen fibers are the primary element in dense regular collagenous connective tissue.
____ Bundles of collagen fibers are arranged parallel to one another in dense elastic connective tissue.
____ The primary element in loose connective tissue is ground substance.
____ The ECM of fibrocartilage is filled with protein fibers.
_F__ Fibroblasts contain a large lipid droplet in their cytoplasm.
_T___ Collagen fibers are the primary element in dense regular collagenous connective tissue.
__T__ Bundles of collagen fibers are arranged parallel to one another in dense elastic connective tissue.
__F__ The primary element in loose connective tissue is ground substance.
__F__ The ECM of fibrocartilage is filled with protein fibers.
What is connective tissue?Connective tissue is responsible for the support and integration of the body's cells, made up of organic tissues that are divided into their cells and their extracellular components, the latter is known as the ground substance and integrated into this will be the fibers that will give it the elastic characteristic to connective tissue.
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When working on a biology assignment, josh was using information from his textbook to answer questions on the immune system. Because it was his first time learning about the immune system, josh had not yet learned or memorized any of the information. Josh has not consolidated this new information about the immune system into his?.
When working on a biology assignment, Josh was using information from his textbook to answer questions on the immune system. Because it was his first time learning about the immune system, josh had not yet learned or memorized any of the information. Josh has not consolidated this new information about the immune system into his long-term memory.
In the field of science, long-term memory is the ability of the mind to store a piece of information for longer durations, probably for months, years, or a lifetime. An extended memory of the brain is the long-term memory. On the other hand, short-term memory tends to remain in the brain for a few seconds or minutes.
By learning something, we tend to store information in our long-term memory. As Josh was looking at the immune system for the first time, his mind had not formed a long-term memory for it in order to remember it. In order to learn or memorize the topic, Josh has to consolidate information on the immune system mentioned in the textbook in his long-term memory.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
When working on a biology assignment, josh was using information from his textbook to answer questions on the immune system. Because it was his first time learning about the immune system, josh had not yet learned or memorized any of the information. Josh has not consolidated this new information about the immune system into his?
short-term memory
working memory
long-term memory
episodic memory
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15. What are the reactants of reaction B?
16. When the two molecules in reaction B are joined together, what other two molecules are pro-duced?
When a rat enters a skinner box, it has to learn to press a lever to get food. At the very beginning of this process, it is rewarded with food when it is in the vicinity of the lever. Then it is rewarded when it touches the lever, and so on. This technique of rewarding successive approximations of a desired behavior is called?.
This technique of rewarding successive approximations of the desired behavior is called operant conditioning.
Operant conditioning is a method of instrumental conditioning that is a famous theory in psychology.
This theory was given by B.F. Skinner who conducted experiments to understand and modify the behavior of humans and other organisms.
In this method, reward and punishment are used to modify an object's behavior.
To reinforce a particular behavior, rewards are more likely used while punishments rarely occur.
The above example describes the use of operant conditioning in a lab experiment.
However, it is not only limited to labs but also in structured environments such as classrooms.
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The blood vessels work as "Irrigation Network" explain.
thank you! 3-4 sentences is okay
Blood vessels are the important components of circulatory system. Blood vessels can be compared to irrigation network as they are the closed network of vessels which circulate blood to all parts of the body.
What are Blood vessels?Blood vessels are the tubes through which different components like gases, blood cells, nutrients are circulated in the body.
Blood vessels are divided into three main types depending upon their thickness- Artery, Vein and Capillary. Among the three, capillaries are the thinnest blood vessels and arteries are the thickest vessels.
Arteries are responsible for carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to different parts of the body. Veins carry deoxygenated blood from other parts of the body to the heart which is then transported to lungs for oxygenation. Capillaries are the blood vessels responsible for the exchange of gases at the site of alveoli.
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The drug colchicine inhibits the formation of spindle fibers during mitosis. If you treat dividing plant cells with colchicine, what would you expect the result to be?.
A cell that divides has half as many chromosomes as it would otherwise have since the chromosomes are divided in half.
What exactly are chromosomes?Chromosomes, which resemble threads, are located in the nucleus of both animal and plant cells. Proteins and a single unit of deoxyribonucleic acid make up each chromosome (DNA). The exact instructions that give each type of living thing its uniqueness are encoded in DNA, which is handed down from parents to offspring.
What are the three function of chromosomes?Transporting genetic material from one generation to the next is the main function of chromosomes. The processes of growth, reproduction, repair, and regeneration all depend on chromosomes and are essential to their survival.
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Why are domestic fuel sources preferable to international fuel sources?
A.
Domestic fuels do not require combustion.
B.
Acquiring fuels from abroad can pose a national security risk.
C.
Domestic fuels are always cheaper to acquire and renewable.
D.
International fuels will run out before domestic fuels.
Answer: Domestic fuels are always cheaper to acquire and renewable.
Explanation:
Suppose actively dividing eukaryotic cells were treated with a chemical that blocks the activity of the enzyme telomerase. What would happen to these cells?.
If actively dividing eukaryotic cells were treated with a chemical that blocks the activity of the enzyme telomerase, then these cells would lose DNA at the ends of the chromosomes over many generations.
In the field of science, telomerase is the enzyme that is responsible for maintaining the proper length of an enzyme by helping in the formation of a repetitive sequence known as telomer.
Without telomeres, sections of DNA will be removed from the ends of chromosomes continuously. Genes involved in important functions in the body can be lost from the chromosomes and hence can lead to serious consequences. The integrity of the DNA will not be maintained if the eukaryotic cells were treated with a chemical that blocks the activity of the enzyme telomerase.
Also, it is due to telomerase activity that the ends of the DNA are replicated. Without it, the ends will not replicate and DNA will be lost over many generations.
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Match these items.
1. common edible mushroom
Agaricus bisporis
2. produces common antibiotic
Penicillium chrysogenum
3. baker's yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4. elm tree parasite
Ceratocystis ulmi
the answers are under them but for a easier answer is 1234 from top to bottom.
A common edible mushroom is Agaricus bisropis. Penicillium hypogeum is a common antibiotic.
What are organisms?There are many organisms in the world such as fungi, bacteria, and many other organisms.
A common edible mushroom is Agaricus bisropis. It is a common basidiomycete. It is a heterotroph. Penicillium chysogenum is a commonly occurring mold and is used as an antibiotic.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is commonly used as baker's yeast. It is used in making bread, and cakes. Elm tree parasite is Ceratocystis ulmi
Therefore, A common edible mushroom is Agaricus bisropis. Penicillium hypogeum is a common antibiotic.
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what is most likely to increase rates of gene flow for a benthic (bottom dwelling) marine invertebrate? a. increased lifespan of planktonic larvae b. greater maximum age reached by adults c. stronger natural selection for camouflage color patterns d. greater maximum age reached by adults e. i don’t know the answer
The most likely reason to increase the rates of gene flow for a benthic (bottom dwelling) marine invertebrate is; (a) increased lifespan of planktonic larvae.
Gene flow is the heredity of genes from one population into the another one. This happens by mating between two organisms of the two populations. If the gene flow between the populations is very high, then the two populations can be considered equivalent to one.
Planktons are the marine microorganisms. They form a very important part of the aquatic food chain. These can perform movement on their own, hence are non-motile. The meaning of the work Plankton in Greek is drifter.
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Starting at the mouth and moving towards the anus, what is the correct order of the organs of the gi tract?.
Starting at the mouth and moving towards the anus, what is the correct order of the organs of the GI tract is oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
The GI tract is made up of a number of interconnected hollow organs that extend from your mouth to your anus.The oesophagus, which is situated in your throat close to your trachea, accepts food from your mouth when you swallow. When you swallow, a little flap called the epiglottis drapes across your windpipe to keep you from choking. Food enters your stomach by a process called peristalsis, which involves a sequence of muscle contractions in the oesophagus.The small intestine, which consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, is a muscular tube measuring 22 feet in length and used to break down food utilising pancreatic enzymes and bile from the liver. Additionally, peristalsis moves food through this organ while combining it with pancreatic fluids for digestion.To learn more about oesophagus.
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When the sympathetic nervous system is active, the ____ releases epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream helping to increase respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure.
When the sympathetic nervous system is active, the adrenaline glands above the kidneys release epinephrine and norepinephrine into the bloodstream.
What is the adrenaline gland?The two tiny organs known as the adrenal glands are located above each kidney. You can get the many hormones that need to survive and be healthy from your adrenal glands. Hormones are molecules that circulate in your blood and regulate how various body parts function.
The hormones cortisol, aldosterone, adrenaline, and noradrenaline are produced by the adrenal glands. Additionally, they produce hormones your body requires to create sex hormones (estrogen and testosterone). These hormones all perform a variety of vital functions.
Therefore, epinephrine and norepinephrine are released by adrenaline glands.
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