Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons whereas Petrochemicals are made primarily from hydrocarbons but also from other chemical substances.
A mixture of hydrocarbons known as crude oil is one that is found in naturally occurring subsurface reservoirs in the liquid phase and continues to be liquid at atmospheric pressure after passing through surface separating equipment.Heating oils, gasoline, diesel, and jet fuels, lubricants, ethane, propane, and butane, as well as numerous other products utilised for their energy or chemical content, are all produced from crude oil through refinement.Crude oil is among the most significant fuel sources globally and historically made for more than a third of the world's energy use.Chemicals derived from petroleum and crude oil are known as petrochemicals.Olefins and aromatics are two categories for petrochemicals, which are substances made from petroleum.Products made from petrochemicals range in complexity from explosives to something as basic as plastic carry bags.Learn more about hydrocarbons here:
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Rob is in charge of waxing the floor at the local mall. He wants to test a new brand of floor wax called Squeaky Clean. Rob waxes 20 floor tiles with Squeaky Clean and 20 tiles with the original wax brand. After one week he counts the number of scratches on the floor
After one week he counts the number of scratches on the floor it is the independent variable.
An independent variable is one whose values are altered by the researcher to achieve the desired results.
The variable is known as the dependent variable when its values change in response to changes in the independent variable's values.
The dependent variable serves as the experiment measure while the independent variable controls the experiment.
The dependent variable is an effect of the independent variable, which is a cause.
In a linear regression, we can state that "y" stands for the dependent variable and "x" for the independent variable.
While the dependent indicates the influence of changes in the independent variable, the independent depends on nothing.
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At the end of an enzymatic reaction, what will the concentrations of the substrate, product, and enzyme be relative to the start of the reaction?.
At the end of an enzymatic reaction, the concentration of the enzyme does not change as the substrate and product concentrations rise.
How does the concentration of a substrate impact the rate at which an enzyme reacts in an enzymatic reaction?
An enzyme-catalyzed reaction initially progresses at a faster pace as substrate concentration rises. This rise in reaction rate levels off as the substrate saturates the enzyme molecules. An enzyme's concentration influences how quickly a reaction is catalyzed, and vice versa.
As long as there is substrate available, increasing the concentration of the enzyme will accelerate the reaction.
Up until a certain point, increasing the substrate concentration also accelerates the process. As more molecules of substrate and enzyme interact, more product will be produced.
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What makes up
matter? Use the definition of atomic theory to answer.
Answer:
Atoms make up every form of matter, according to the atomic theory.
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
If you add a chunk of zinc to a beaker of acid and zinc shavings to another beaker of acid, the sample with the zinc shavings will react faster. What property causes the increase in rate?.
The property that causes the zinc shavings to react faster than the chunk of zinc is called the surface area.
The surface area is a crucial factor to consider while conducting any kind of chemical reaction because it considerably affects the reaction's rate. As surface area is reduced, response rates accelerate.
A chunk of zinc is like a body of stone kept together by strong bonding when contrasted to zinc shavings, which are zinc particles with lower surface areas.
The zinc shavings' reactive surface area is smaller than that of the enormous zinc chunk. Due to their reduced surface areas, reactants must be in close proximity to the acid solution for the reaction to take place.
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If you could place 100 billion atoms in 1 m3 box, how many atoms are there in a 10 cm3 box? (6)
There are 100 billion atoms in a 1 m3 box. There will be ( 10 ^ 8 ) billion atoms in a 10 cm 3 box.
Atoms:
Atoms are the smallest particle of the atom. There are 100 billion atoms in a 1 m 3 box.
1 m= 100 cm
1 m 3= (100) 3 cm3
= 1000000 cm^ 3.
1 m3 = 100 billion atoms.
1 cm 3= x
x= 100 billion * 1000000 cm3
= 100000000 billion atoms.
= ( 10 ^ 8 ) billion atoms.
Therefore, There will be ( 10 ^ 8 ) billion atoms in a 10 cm 3 box.
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TRUE OR FALSE
In the space provided, write "true" if the sentence is true. Write "false" if the sentence
1. Straining causes a chemical change.
2. Evaporation causes a chemical change.
3. A magnet causes a physical change.
4. Dissolving causes a physical change.
5. Filter paper has large holes.
6. Only scientists use strainers.
7. When a liquid evaporates, its molecules go into the air.
8. Sugar dissolved in water is still sugar.
9. A magnet can separate a mixture of paper clips and rubber
10. Hot water evaporates faster than cold water.
FILL IN THE BLANK
Complete each statement using a term or terms from the list below. Write your answers in
spaces provided. Some words may be used more than once.
mixture
air
dissolving
evaporation
heated
straining
dissolve
filter paper
1. Four ways to separate mixtures are
and
2. Straining separates matter according to.
3. A
separates matter by size.
iron
using a magnet
strainer
holes
4. A strainer has many
5. We can separate a mixture of very tiny solid pieces and water by using
gre a
from a mixture.
6. We use a magnet to separate.
7. When water evaporates, the vapor escapes into the
8. A solid that seems to disappear in a liquid is said to
Answer:
1. F) 2. F) 3. T) 4. T) 5. F) 6. F) 7. T) 8.F) 9.T) 10. T)
Explanation:
Not available.
list of equipment needed for investigating the reaction of lemon juice and sodium hydrogencarbonate
1. Grab a couple of lemons!
2. Baking Powder.
3. Colored food.
4. Dawn Dishwashing Soap
5. Tray, plate, or bowl
6. Sticks for making crafts.
7. Juice of lemon
Which statement describes renewable resources?
O Fossil fuels are a type of renewable resource.
O Renewable resources are artificial.
Renewable resources replenish quickly.
O Large quantities of renewable resources can be produced at once.
A natural resource that will replenish to replace the portion used up by usage and consumption, commonly referred to as a flow resource, will do so through natural reproduction or other cyclical processes in a limited length of time on a human time scale.
Which statement describes renewable resources?
"Renewable resources replenish quickly."
Resources that can replace themselves over time as they are utilised or that can last indefinitely are considered renewable resources. They consist of biomass, the sun, wind, water, and geothermal energy. Renewable resources have the drawback of not always being accessible when needed.
Biomass energy (such as ethanol), hydropower, geothermal energy, wind energy, and solar energy are examples of renewable resources.
Finding the best way to use renewable resources is a task that is becoming more and more crucial as the Earth's nonrenewable resource supply is depleted. In addition to better sustaining the world's quickly expanding population, switching to renewable energy will also leave the environment greener and healthier for future generations.
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Answer: C
Explanation: I took the quiz
Regina conducted an investigation to determine whether earthworms add nutrients to soil. she used two pots of soil. she added three earthworms to the first pot. she did not add any earthworms to the second pot, which was the control. regina tested the nutrient levels of the soil in both pots after two weeks. what type of investigation is regina conducting? descriptive comparative experimental procedural
Regina conducted an investigation to determine whether earthworms add nutrients to soil. she used two pots of soil. she added three earthworms to the first pot. she did not add any earthworms to the second pot, which was the control. Regina tested the nutrient levels of the soil in both pots after two weeks. The type of investigation is Regina conducting is experimental.
Experimental study is a quantitative method of research which allows to visualize the effects of variable change by keeping other variables in control. These involve random experimental control.
There is an independent variable, a dependent variable and a set up which is meant for control in an experimental study. The control is to establish the validity of the experimental study.
Experiments creates the cause and effect relationship. This experiment was designed to know whether the earthworms add any nutrient to the soil.
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Why is it important for scientists to publish a
description of their procedures along with the results
of their experiments?
Answer:
Anything related to science needs to be detailed and understood by a range of people. Or, what they published may not create any impact if you can't read it and understand what you just read.
Explanation:
What additional information, if any, would enable you to calculate the molality of a 7. 35 molar solution of a nonelectrolyte solid dissolved in water?.
The molality of the solvent is 13.8966 m
It would be necessary to know both the solution's density and the
solute's molecular weight.
Explanation:
Molarity = [tex]\frac{mole solute}{L solution}[/tex]
Molality = [tex]\frac{Mole solute }{kg solvent}[/tex]
The solution's density can be used to convert 1 L of the solution's volume into a mass solution. then the substance's molecular weight solute (given or calculated from the formula) can be utilized to change the number of moles mass of the solute in a 1 L solution using grams. The solvent's mass is the difference between the solution's mass and as well as the solute's mass (both of which have been determined). Replace the values and compute using the molality formula.
so the total mass of the solution is 934.4 g,
which leaves 934.4 g − 178.82 g = 755.58 g of
water.
Therefore, the molality is
m = [tex]\frac{10.5 mol NH3}{0.75558 kg solvent}[/tex] = 13.8966 m .
The molality of the nonelectrolyte solid is 13.8966 m.
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The molality of the solvent is 13.8966 m.
How to calculate molality?Molality = Moles of solute / Kilograms of solvent.
Its unit is mol/kg.
The total mass of the solution = 934.4 g,
which leaves 934.4 g − 178.82 g = 755.58 g
m = 10.5molNH3/0.75558Kg of solvent
m = 13.8966 m .
The molality of the non-electrolyte solid is 13.8966 m.
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chegg write the empirical formula corresponding to each of the following molecular formulas: a) al2br6, b) c8h10, c) c4h8o2, d) p4o10, e) c6h4cl2, f) b3n3h6
To find the empirical formula from a molecular formula, you should divide the Subscripts by the Some integer in order to get the smallest whole number.
Part-A
The empirical formula of [tex]Al_{2}Br_{6}[/tex]is [tex]AlBr_{3}[/tex], we get it by dividing both subscript (i.e. 2&6) by 2.
Part-B
The empirical formula of C8H10 is
Simplest ratio of CH = 8:10 = 4:5
Hence, empirical formula =C4H5
Part-C
The empirical formula of C4H8O2 is C2H4O, we get it by diving all subscripts [tex]\frac{4}{2} : \frac{8}{2} :\frac{2}{2}=2:4:1[/tex] by 2.
Part- D
molecular formula= P4O10
simplest ratio of
[tex]\frac{P}{O}= \frac{2}{5} \\ empirical formula = p_{2}O_{5}[/tex]
Part -E
The empirical formula of C6H9CL2 is C3H2CL,we get it by diving all subscripts[tex]\frac{6}{2}:\frac{4}{2}:\frac{2}{1} =3:2:1[/tex] by 2
Part-F
The empirical formula of B3N3H6is BNH2, we get it by diving all subscripts [tex]\frac{3}{3} :\frac{3}{3} :\frac{6}{3} = 1:2:3[/tex] by 2.
what is molecular formulae? A molecular formula is a picture of a molecule that shows the different types of atoms in the molecule using chemical symbols, followed by subscripts to show how many of each type there are in total. Molecular formulae are also used as acronyms for such names of compounds (a subscript is only used if more than one atom of a certain kind is present).When two or more elements interact chemically, bonds are created, and substances called compounds are created. for example the reactions of sodium and chlorine may produce table salt while the reactions of hydrogen and oxygen can produce water. Sometimes, we use an empirical formula to define the atom kinds and simplest whole-number ratio of these compounds' atoms (or ions) to explain their structure.To know more about molecular formulae visit:
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Two type of chemical compounds
Answer:
molecular (covalent) and ionic
Explanation:
percent error: a balance measured the mass of 1.0000g & its standard measurement is 0.9981g
The percentage error of the balance is 0.19%
Formula for percentage errorPercentage error = (absolute error / standard measurement) × 100
How to determine the percentage errorThe pecenrage error of the balance can be obtained as illustrated below:
Measured value = 1.0000 gStandard measurement = 0.9981 gAbsolute error = 1 - 0.9981 = 0.0019 gPercentrage error =?Percentage error = (absolute error / standard measurement) × 100
Percentage error = (0.0019 / 0.9981) × 100
Percentage error = 0.19%
Thus, the perecentage error of the balance is 0.19%
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Calculate the maximum wavelength of light capable of dissociating the br–br bond in one molecule of bromine if the bond energy, or bond dissociation energy, is 194 kj/mol.
According to bond energy, the maximum wavelength of light is 614 nanometers.
We need to know about bond energy to solve this problem. Bond energy is the energy needed to bond other atoms in the molecule. To determine the energy in one molecule of chlorine monofluoride, we can use this formula:
E = BE / Na
where E is the energy of photon, BE is bond energy and Na is Avogadro's number (6.02 x 10²³ atoms/mol)
Now, we can calculate the shortest wavelength by using Einstein's equation for photon energy:
E = h . c / λ
where h is Planck constant (6.6 x 10¯³⁴ J.s), c is the speed of light (3 x 10⁸ m/s) and λ is the wavelength.
From the question above, we know that
BE = 194 kJ/mol = 194 x 10³ J/mol
By substituting the given parameters, we can calculate the maximum wavelength
E = BE / Na
h . c / λ = 194 x 10³ / 6.02 x 10²³
6.6 x 10¯³⁴ . 3 x 10⁸ / λ = 194 x 10³ / 6.02 x 10²³
λ = 6.14 x 10¯⁷ m
λ = 614 nm
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what are the concerns presented by overheating a distillation to a dry flask? select one or more: the remaining solid residue might contain explosive peroxides. the lack of liquid in the original flask might reverse the distillation process. the dry flask might become brittle and could easily be broken. the empty glassware might heat quickly, igniting vapors from the distillation.
The empty glassware might heat quickly, igniting vapors from the distillation is the concerns presented by overheating a distillation to a dry flask.
What happens if you overheat the distillation process?First and foremost, consider safety. If you heat an organic compound in an improperly vented closed-system distillation apparatus, it can build pressure and potentially burst. The resulting explosion can produce dangerous flying glass, hot, corrosive chemicals, and potentially hazardous fumes.A distillation should never be overheated to the point where all of the liquid has been extracted. There could be solid residue left over that contains hazardous compounds. Furthermore, without liquid, the glassware would heat up faster, potentially igniting the vapors still present in the setup.Due to superheating the solution, an overheated flask may cause bumping and give you an observed boiling point that is too high. You can adjust the rate of heating by piling up or scraping away some sand from the flask.To learn more about overheat the distillation refer to
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The mass ratio of sodium to fluorine in sodium fluoride is 1:2:1. A sample of sodium fluoride produced 28.8g of sodium upon decomposition. How much fluorine (in grams) was formed?.
Answer:
57.6g
Explanation:
1u=28.8g
2u=28.8g×2
.....=57.6g
I do not understand what they mean by a smooth line graph
A smooth line graph is use to draw a general pattern curve rather than just connect the points.
We use to draw a smooth line graph because smooth line reflects a general pattern and we can determine the general behavior of data points to be plotted. When we just connect the dots we are unable to find the equation because of broken line. when draw a graph we have to find out the line that could fit all the points and make a smooth pattern, smooth line curve is very helpful for the calculations.
Thus, A smooth line graph is use to draw a general pattern curve rather than just connect the points.
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Diethyl ether has a vapor pressure of 400. 0 torr at 18°c. When a sample of benzoic acid is dissolved in ether, the vapor pressure of the solution is 342 torr. What is the mole fraction of benzoic acid in the solution?.
The mole fraction of benzoic acid in the solution is 0.855.
What is benzoic acid?
Benzoic acid is a white solid which is a carboxylic acid based on benzene.
The vapor pressure of the benzoic acid solution and the mole fraction of the solute are directly proportional to each other i.e.
Pt = x P°s
Here t = total pressure
s = solvent
Given:
Vapor pressure of diethyl ether = 400.0 torr
Vapor pressure of the solution = 342 torr
Now substituting the values in the formula
342 = x 400
= 342 / 400
= 0.855
Thus, the mole fraction of benzoic acid is 0.855
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Which is the first step that geologists must do to compare rock layers at distant locations?
find the absolute age of rocks at both locations
e compare a layer at one location to layers at other locations
O identify index fossils In one or more layers at one location
collect fossils from different locations to study the organisms' lifestyles
The first step that geologists must do to compare rock layers at distant locations is identify index fossils In one or more layers at one location.
The remains of ancient organisms, such as plants and animals, that were preserved from the prehistoric era by the influence of natural conditions are known as fossils.Any plant or animal that has been preserved in the Earth's rock record and is specific to a certain geologic period or environment is an index fossil.The correlation of strata and the establishment of time scale boundaries in geology are both based on index fossils.A suitable index fossil needs to be unique or easily identifiable, plentiful, have a broad geographic distribution, and have a limited time range.Index fossils are regarded as often discovered, widely dispersed, and disseminated fossils that are scarce in the time period.Learn more about fossils here:
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How much anhydrous magnesium sulfate is required to dry a diethyl ether solution after preforming extractions involving water?.
The anhydrous magnesium sulfate required to dry a di-ethyl ether solution after performing extractions involving water is enough such that some powder remains free flowing in solution with swirling without clumping.
Extraction is a process which involves transfer of a solute from one phase to another. A cup of tea or coffee prepared represents a process of extraction.The flavor and odor components are extracted from the dried material into the water.
Anhydrous magnesium sulphate works as a drying agent. Magnesium sulfate (MgSO₄) works by forming complex with H₂O in the solvent. It forms a hydrated MgSO₄ precipitate. This precipitate is then filtered out by gravity, which yields an anhydrous product. Due to the high affinity towards water molecules, MgSO₄ removes any amount of water from the extracts.
Due to the presence of an active hydrogen atom, ethyl alcohol reacts with magnesium metal. Diethyl ether, does not have any replaceable hydrogen atom. So, it does not react with magnesium sulfate, therefore, can be dried by anhydrous magnesium sulfate.
Complete question is -
How much anhydrous magnesium sulfate is required to dry a diethyl ether solution after preforming extractions involving water?
Select answer and submit.
a. Enough to cover the tip of your scoopula once
b. 1 g/mL of diethyl ether
c. Enough such that some powder remains free flowing in solution with
swirling without clumping
d. Anhydrous magnesium sulfate doesn't dry diethyl ether
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An unknown substance appears as a white powder
Answer:
How do you identify an unknown white powder?
Not only can Raman spectroscopy be used to identify unknown white powders rapidly, it can also be used to identify explosives (Figure 3) and other biochemical agents such as anthrax and mustard gas
Explanation:
The table lists the half-life for four different isotopes of sulfur. Equal amounts of each sample are stored in sealed jars. Which jar will contain the least amount of the isotope of sulfur after 10 seconds?
Isotope Half-life
sulfur-30 1.18 seconds
sulfur-35 87.5 days
sulfur-37 5.05 minutes
sulfur-41 1.99 seconds
A.
sulfur-30
B.
sulfur-35
C.
sulfur-37
D.
sulfur-41
Jar containing sulfur-30 will have least amount of sulfur.
How does radioactivity varies with time?Radioactivity of a substance decreases with increase in time indicating that they are inversely proportional.Among the different isotopes of sulfur mentioned ,sulfur-35 is most radioactive as it has half-life period of 87.5 days.
On the other hand, sulfur-30 is least radioactive as it has half-life period of 1.18 seconds, thus within 10 seconds the jar containing sulfur-30 will be almost empty.
Therefore,the jar containing sulfur-30 will have least amount of sulfur after 10 seconds as it's half-life is least.
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Practice writing in scientific passive voice by summarizing physical properties of the periodic table in your own words.
Your summarization should be at least three sentences long and refrain from using the first person.
The physical properties of elements in the periodic table varies as follows;
melting and boiling point of metallic elements increases across the period from left to to right and decreases down the group. Whereas, for non-metallic elements, the melting and boiling point decreases across the period from left to to right and increases down the groupatomic size of elements decrease across a period from left to right, but increases on going down the group.What is the periodic Table?The Periodic table is a table which arranges elements based on their increasing atomic number into vertical columns called groups and horizontal rows known as periods.
The physical properties of the periodic table refers to the properties in of the elements in the periodic table which vary in a regular pattern both down the groups and across the periods.
Some physical properties of the periodic table are as given below:
melting and boiling pointatomic sizeMelting and boiling point: the melting and boiling point of the metallic elements in the period table increases on going from left to to right across the period and decreases on going down the group. For non-metallic elements, the melting and boiling point decreases on going from left to to right across the period and increases on going down the group
Atomic size: the atomic size of the elements decrease across a period from left to right, but increases on going down the group.
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Answer the next five questions based on the diagram:
How many electrons are in the n = 1 shell?
4 , 14 , 6 , 5 , 2 , 3
How many electrons are in the n = 2 shell?
4 , 14 , 6 , 5 , 2 , 3
How many electrons are needed to complete the n = 2 shell?
4 , 14 , 6 , 5 , 2 , 3
How many electrons are being shared between the two nitrogen atoms?
4 , 14 , 6 , 5 , 2 , 3
How many bonds exist between the two nitrogen atoms?
4 , 14 , 6 , 5 , 2 , 3
There are 2 electrons in the n = 1 shell.
There are 5 electrons in the n = 2 shell.
The number of electrons which are needed to complete the n = 2 shell is 3.
The number of electrons which are being shared between the two nitrogen atoms is 3
There are 3 covalent bonds which exist between two nitrogen atom.
What is an an element?It is chemical substance which do take part in a reaction.
So therefore, there are 2 electrons in the n = 1 shell.
There are 5 electrons in the n = 2 shell.The number of electrons which are needed to complete the n = 2 shell is 3.The number of electrons which are being shared between the two nitrogen atoms is 3There are 3 bonds which exist between two nitrogen atom.Learn more about elements:
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Compare the metals calcium and magnesium, which metal would be stronger?
Here is the structure of 4-pyrone, an aromatic compound. Add curved arrows to convert the structure to a new resonance contributor where all atoms still satisfy the octet rule. Draw the new contributor in the box to the right, including all lone pairs and nonzero formal charges. Your new resonance contributor should reflect the aromaticity of the compound
The second resonance contributor demonstrates the aromaticity of the compound by maintaining the six-membered ring with 6 (4n+2) pi electrons.
The easiest way to draw another resonance structure is to move an pi-electron pair and then repeat that process. After three shifts, the resulting structure does have separated charges, with a positive charge on one of the oxygen atoms (which is not too favorable, considering the oxygen's high electronegativity), but all the non-hydrogen atoms still have a full octet and the presence of the aromatic ring does greatly stabilize the structure. It also explains why the compound (resonance hybrid) is aromatic.
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Calculate the displacement of an object that traveled 4m east, turned 90 degrees, and traveled 5m north.
The displacement of an object that traveled 4m east , turned 90 degress and traveled 5m north is 6.40 m
Displacement of an object is defined as the change in position of the object. displacement is the vector quantity , which means it has magnitude as well as direction.
In the give case an object first traveled east 4m and then turn 90 degree an traveled 5m north , so, it makes a right angled triangle .
by applying Pythagoras's theorem to the triangle we get
displacement = [tex]\sqrt{(4m)^{2} + (5m)^{2} }[/tex]
= [tex]\sqrt{16 + 25}[/tex] m
= [tex]\sqrt{41}[/tex] m
= 6.40 m
Thus,The displacement of an object that traveled 4m east , turned 90 degress and traveled 5m north is 6.40 m.
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How many atoms does Cr3(PO4)2 have
Answer: 5
Explanation:
Cr3 has 3 atoms
(PO4)2 has 2 atoms
2 + 3 = 5 atoms
How do you find the number of neutrons for any atom?