After four hours you would have about 4096 bacteria.
Since the bacteria undergoes exponential growth, After each generation the population number doubles in size.
Hence, at the end of first 20 minutes we will have two bacteria.
at the end of 40 minutes we have 4 bacteria and at the end of one hour we have 8 bacteria and so on.
since the bacteria undergoes binary fission, a simple way to calculate the total number of bacteria is to divide the 4 hours in parts of 20.
In four hours the bacteria multiplies 12 times
hence, 2^12=4096.
What is exponential growth?
The exponential phase of growth is a balanced growth pattern in which all the cells regularly divide by binary fission and increase in size by geometric progression. Depending on the make-up of the growth medium and the incubation circumstances, the cells divide at a consistent rate.
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which area of biotechnology involves tracking and confirmation of the spread of disease? a. aquatic biotechnology b. regulatory biotechnology c. agricultural biotechnology d. bioremediatoin e. forensic biotechnology
Agricultural biotechnology involves tracking and confirmation of the spread of disease.
What is biotechnology ?The application of organisms, cells, their components, and molecular equivalents for goods and services is known as biotechnology, which is the merging of natural sciences and engineering sciences. In 1919, Károly Ereky coined the phrase "biotechnology," which he used to describe the utilization of living organisms in the manufacturing of goods from raw materials.
The term "biotechnology" refers to a broad range of practices for altering living things for human benefit, dating back to the domestication of animals and the cultivation of plants, as well as "improvements" made to these through breeding programs that use artificial selection and hybridization. The technologies of cell and tissue culture, as well as genetic engineering, are also used today. According to the American Chemical Society, biotechnology is the use of biological organisms, systems, or processes by a variety.
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A biologist discovers a new signal transduction pathway in fruit flies that involves a protein kinase cascade. As part of a grant proposal he writes to obtain funding for further work on this pathway, the biologist proposes research to look for phosphatase enzymes. Why?.
The biologist must find the enzymes that control the process by removing phosphate groups from signaling cascade components.
The addition or removal of phosphate groups in the signal transduction pathway frequently leads in protein activation. Protein kinases are enzymes that transfer phosphate groups from ATP to proteins. Many relay molecules in a signal transduction route are protein kinases, and they frequently interact with other protein kinases in the pathway. This frequently results in a phosphorylation cascade, in which one enzyme phosphorylates another, which phosphorylates yet another protein, resulting in a chain reaction.
While protein kinases add phosphate group to the pathway, phosphatase enzyme removes a phosphate group from its substrate protein's phosphorylated amino acid residue. Protein phosphatases are the signal transduction pathways off switch. When the signal is no longer available, the signal transduction pathway must be turned off to guarantee that the biological response is properly controlled. Hence, it is expedient for the biologist to add the phosphatases to the proposal.
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Suppose your worksheet has a comment in cell a1 and a comment in cell b5. Your active cell is b1. Which command can you use to navigate to the comment in cell b5?.
You can navigate to the comment in cell b5 using the following steps:
• Go to Review (tab)
• select Comments (command group)
• click Next
In an excel worksheet having comments on both cell A1 and B5 while active cell is B1, to navigate to the comment in the worksheet, the user should select the review pane on the menu bar or tab, afterward click the option for comments in the command group displayed. This would reveal all the unresolved comments on the worksheet. Afterwards the Next option is clicked on this would automatically direct the user from cell B1 to cell B5 containing the next comment on the worksheet. Upon several clicks on this option (Next) it would keep moving the user to the next comment in the worksheet.
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Consider one of the procedures where amylase and starch are reacting. If there is strong amylase activity and it is breaking down starch, then you would assign an enzyme activity level of ________.
Answer:
Activity level of 3
Explanation:
To evaluate the enzyme activity you might observe the amounts of starch remaining in a solution or the enzyme activity. Both of them can be done qualitatively by adding substances such as iodine to the sample, which will express, through different degrees of the blue color, the enzyme activity level. So,
no enzymatic activity ----------------> level 0
low enzymatic activity ---------------> level 1
moderate enzymatic activity ------> level 2
High enzymatic activity --------------> level 3
determine the meaning off the word prokaryote using the modle 3 chart
Answer:
D. D. before cells without a true nucleus
Explanation:
moreover, trap stress can include long captivity times, increased density, increased predatory behavior among trapped organisms, exposure to harmful environmental conditions, and increased wounding through handling or attempted cannibalism.
Long captivity times, increased density, increased predatory behavior among trapped organisms, exposure to harmful environmental conditions, and increased wounding from handling or attempted cannibalism can all contribute to trap stress.
Sources of stress Organisms in captivity:
Organisms kept in artificial habitats face a variety of potentially provocative environmental problems. This article addresses many of the potential stress that can adversely affect Organisms in captivity. Includes abiotic environmental stress sources such as surfaces.
In addition, inclusion-specific stressors are considered, such as restrictions on movement, reduced shelter space, forced proximity to humans, reduced opportunities for feeding, being in unusual social groups, and other restrictions on opportunities for behavior will be.
Studies that support the claim that these environmental elements are stress in captive Organisms do not demonstrate a distinct sequence of behavioral or physiological responses that clearly indicate the cause of these responses.
Rather, it is up to us, as captive Organisms managers and caretakers, to evaluate enclosures and husbandry practices to ensure the optimal welfare of the Organisms in our care.
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Auditory Perception is present at birth, while visual perception continues to develop
after birth.
True or false
What problem would most likely occur if a haploid cell attempted to perform meiosis.
how do enzymes interact with other molecules to affect a chemical reaction?
bind molecules using stronger covalent bonds instead of weaker ones
break down to release energy to be used in binding molecules
hold molecules in specific orientations to allow for chemical bonding
freely bind with any molecules that come near the enzyme freely bind with any molecules that come near the enzyme
Enzymes interact with other molecules to affect a chemical reaction by binding their substrates and holding them in a particular orientation (Option 3 is correct).
What are enzymes?Enzymes are specific proteins (or also RNA in the case of ribozymes) that bind substrates in the active site domain in order to speed up chemical reactions, which is achieved by lowering the activation energy of the reaction in a process that may release energy.
Enzymes can specifically bind to particular substrates in specific regions or molecular domains of these molecules, thereby producing 3D tridimensional structures in the interaction of the complexes enzyme-substrate that have the ability to interact with other macromolecular complexes and thus carry out reactions.
In conclusion, enzymes interact with other molecules to affect a chemical reaction by binding their substrates and holding them in a particular orientation (Option 3 is correct).
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Answer:
hold molecules in specific orientations to allow for chemical bonding
100% right :)
i am in k12
Individuals iii-3 and iii-4 are expecting their first child when they become aware that they both have a family history of this recessive condition. As their genetic counselor, you can calculate the probability that they are carriers and that their child will be affected with the condition.
The probability that they are carriers and that their child will be affected by the condition is 2/32. 1/23. 1/12.
What is pedigree analysis?Each of the ends with respect to quality activity (predominant/latent; co-dominant) we have examined so far has been acquired from investigating the consequences of controlled peevish.
In certain circumstances, we don't have the valuable chance to perform controlled peevish. Maybe we really want to examine a current populace.
This is dependably the situation while concentrating on human hereditary qualities. Researchers have formulated another methodology, called family examination, to concentrate on the legacy of qualities in people.
The family investigation is likewise valuable while concentrating on any populace when descendants' information from a few ages is restricted. The family examination is likewise valuable while concentrating on species with a long generation time.
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Biological fluids regulate ph values using __________. This is achieved by accepting _________ when ph is low and donating _________ when ph is high.
Biological fluids regulate pH values using buffers. This is achieved by accepting H⁺ ions when pH is low and donating H⁺ ions when pH is high.
pH is the potential of hydrogen, that gives an idea about the acidity of basicity of a solution. The value of pH ranges from 0 to 14. The pH value of 7 is considered to neutral. Any value below 7 is acidic and any value above 7 is basic.
Buffers are the solutions that resist that change in pH when any acidic or basic component is added to them. A buffer solution consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The human body consists of natural buffer, which is blood.
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17. All organisms are composed of
a. Diatoms
b. Cellulose
C.
Cells
d. None of the above
Answer:
All organisms are composed of cells
Several different kinds of bonds or interactions are involved in generating and maintaining the structure of proteins. True or false?.
Several different kinds of bonds or interactions are involved in generating and maintaining the structure of proteins is true.
Peptide bonds are used to connect amino acids. A peptide bond is a sort of covalent link that connects an amino acid's carboxyl group to its amino group. Many peptides bonds are involved in generating the structure of protein. Peptide connections created during the process of protein production hold the main structure together. Based on the type of the free group at each extremity, the two endpoints of the polypeptide chain are referred to as the carboxyl terminus (C-terminus) and the amino terminus (N-terminus The main structure is determined by the number and clearly defined sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain. The only peptide connection that connects the amino acids is that one they share.To learn more about proteins.
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CHECK
Understanding
Apply Vocabulary
Use the highlighted words from the lesson to
complete each sentence correctly.
1. __________ are the basic units of all living things.
2. According to the
, all living things are
made of cells.
3. Cells whose DNA is held in a nucleus are
Find the completed sentences below:
1. Cells
The fundamental membrane-bound entity that houses the essential molecules of life and is the building block of all living things. As in the case of bacteria or yeast, a single cell is frequently an entire organism unto itself. As they develop, other cells acquire specialized roles. They form the foundation for huge multicellular organisms like humans and animals.2. The cell theory
It states that every living thing is made up of one or more cells, which are the basis of life. Additionally, new cells can emerge from older ones.Later, this idea benefited greatly from the contributions of Rudolf Virchow.3. Eukaryotes
these are cells which have a nucleus in them along with membrane bound cell organelles.The majority of algae, all animals, plants, fungi, and protists are eukaryotic organisms. Eukaryotes are multicellular or unicellular organisms.Learn more about cells and cell theory here:
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which statement is true about the function of atp?
it's primarily used to fuel cell division.
it's used to store energy for long periods of time.
it can only be used to help transport molecules.
it provides energy for all cellular activities.
ATP provides energy for all cellular activities.
What is ATP?ATP is called adenosine triphosphate. It is the energy currency for the cell. It is generated in the mitochondria.
Mitochondria is the energy house of the cell. It is produced in the mitochondria. ATP captures chemical energy from food. ATP is a nucleotide that consist of three main domains as nitrogenous base, adenine and sugar.
The central role of ATP in the cell was metabolism. It also provides energy for all cellular activities.
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Pollutants that contribute to the greenhouse effect Name of the pollutant Carbon dioxide Hydrocarbons Nitrogen dioxide CFCs Ozone Contribution to greenhouse effect 50 18 6 14 ? 88 2.2.1 Determine the percentage ozone contributes to the greenhouse effect. Sh
ow ALL calculations (3) 2.2.2 Draw a bar graph to represent the data provided in the table including the value for Ozone (7)
The term "greenhouse gas" refers to a group of gases that also includes carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, and organic substances known as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).
What role does ozone play in the greenhouse effect?Two things happen to the Earth's temperature equilibrium as a result of atmospheric ozone. The UV energy from the sun is absorbed by it, warming the stratosphere. Infrared light from the Earth's surface is also absorbed by it, which effectively traps heat in the troposphere.
Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and ozone in the lower atmosphere are the principal greenhouse gases whose concentrations are growing.
The Inventory of US Emissions, published by EPA, keeps track of all US emissions.
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Nucleotides consist of a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a...
A. lipid
B. fatty acid
C. 5-carbon sugar
D. 6-carbon sugar
Answer:
C. 5- carbon sugar
Explanation:
Which type of muscle tissue contracts most quickly upon stimulation?
a. visceral
b. a. smooth
c. skeletal
d. tendons
according to the biological species concept, individuals belong to the same species if they can interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring.
The biological species idea states that organisms can only interbreed and generate viable, fertile offspring within their own species. Prezygotic and postzygotic barriers divide species from one another.
What does prezygotic mean?Before the gametes fertilize to form a zygote, something is said to be prezygotic. Spatial, temporal, behavioral, mechanical, and gametic isolation mechanisms are only a few examples of the five types of isolation mechanisms that prevent gametes from fertilizing.
Why are prezygotic barriers important?Given that prezygotic barriers would function early in an organism's life cycle, present the biggest obstruction to gene flow, and might prohibit expensive but undesirable mating combinations, they are undoubtedly the most significant and effective barriers [3-6].
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Tay sach is due to the presence of enzyme that is inverted in the catabolism of which thing
Tay sach is due to the presence of enzyme that is inverted in the catabolism of fatty substance.
Tay sach- The enzyme beta-hexosaminidase A is deficient as a result of the genetic mutation that causes Tay-Sachs disease. The fatty compound GM2 ganglioside must be broken down in order for this enzyme to function. The brain and spinal cord's nerve cells are harmed by the accumulation of fatty substances.
Mutation- A mutations are changes to an organism's DNA sequence. Errors in Replication of DNA during cell division, exposure to mutagens, or viral infection can all cause mutations.
DNA- The molecule found inside cells that carries the genetic material necessary for an organism to grow and operate.
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discuss what nodes are and how they relate to both total solar and total lunar eclipses
The Earth's orbit around the sun, or the ecliptic plane, is where the Moon crosses at a "node." The moon's orbit only crosses Earth's solar orbit every six months because the moon's orbital plane around the Earth is inclined by 5 degrees with regard to Earth's orbit around the sun (approximately).
When a moon or planet blocks the Sun's light, an eclipse occurs. The two types of eclipses that can occur on Earth are solar eclipses and lunar eclipses.
When the Moon crosses a node on the nodal line connecting the Earth and the Sun, a solar eclipse takes place.
The moon touches the ecliptic plane when the Earth is between it and the sun, which results in a lunar eclipse.
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What type of cell division occurs when an embryo is developing into a new individual?
Answer: The development of multi-cellular organisms begins from a single-celled zygote, which undergoes rapid cell division to form the blastula. The rapid, multiple rounds of cell division are termed cleavage.
Explanation:
The purpose of resin in pines is to ____. carry large volumes of water withstand cold temperatures protect against insects and fungi provide rigid strength
The purpose of resin in pines is to protect against insects and fungi. carry large volumes of water withstand cold temperatures protect against insects and fungi provide rigid strength.
Both fungi and bugs are heterotrophic, depending upon different organisms as a supply of constant carbon. In addition, replica in each typically effects in extraordinarily excessive numbers of exceedingly small individuals.Fungi have advanced mutualisms with severa bugs. Arthropods (jointed, legged invertebrates, together with bugs) rely upon the fungus for safety from predators and pathogens, whilst the fungus obtains vitamins and a manner to disseminate spores into new environments.
Each own chitin-primarily based totally exteriors, each are heterotrophic and each may be damaging to plants, representing the organic adversities with the very best effect on crops, in phrases of each harm and necessity to apply chemicals.
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What function does this structure have?
A. To protect the organism
B. To see the outside world
C. To taste food
D. To help the organism reproduce
Answer: A. To protect.
Explanation:
Claws help most organisms protect themselves.
8. A cell in a
(multicellular or unicellular) organism must carry out all the activities that are
necessary to survive.
Answer:
unicellular
Explanation:
A cell in a unicellular organism must carry out all the activities that are necessary to survive.
in order for an organism to develop specialized tissues, the organism must be which of the following?
Answer:
must be a multicellular organism
in prokaryotic cells, are responsible for attachment to surfaces, while are responsible for transfer of plasmid dna from a donor to a recipient cell.
In prokaryotic cells, fimbirae are responsible for attachment to surfaces, while pilli are responsible for transfer of plasmid dna from a donor to a recipient cell.
What is fimbirae ?One of the virulence components linked to colonization in both encapsulated and non-typeable strains of H is fimbriae. influenzae. The ability of the organism to haemagglutinate and attach to buccal epithelial cells was connected with the expression of these genes, which was originally discovered in type b strains.
There are four different groups of fimbriae, but only those that are long, thick, and haemagglutination-positive (LKP) mediate adhesion to human mucosal epithelial cells. Additionally, LKP fimbriae agglutinate human erythrocytes and attach to mucus. A sialic acid-containing lactosylceramide structure that is a component of the human AnWj blood type antigen was found to be the receptor accepted by this class of fimbriae, which was made easier to identify thanks to the latter characteristic.
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explain the role of photosynthesis in thw flow of energy between the plant and ghe person shown in the diagram.
Photosynthesis has a role in the cycling of matter and flow of energy into and out of organisms. The flow of energy and cycling of matter can be traced. The chemical reaction by which plants produce complex food molecules (sugars) requires an energy input (i.e., from sunlight) to occur.
What was significant to darwin about the fauna and flora of the galápagos islands?.
The significant to darwin about the fauna and the flora of the galápagos islands is The species were similar to the South American species, indicating the common descent, but they had been the extensively modified and were well-adapted to the island life
in Galapagos he found a remarkable population of the plants, birds and the reptiles that had been developed as isolation from the mainland, but they often differed on the almost identical islands next door to one of another and whose characteristics that he could only explain by the gradual transformation of the various species. Over time, the Darwin began to wonder if the species from the South America that had reached the Galapagos and then he changed as they had adapted to new environments. This idea—that species and that could be change over the time—eventually this led to Darwin's theory of evolution by the natural selection
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long je, dejesus m, ward d, baker re, ioerger t, sassetti cm (2015) identifying essential genes in mycobacterium tuberculosis by global phenotypic profi ling. methods mol biol 1279:79–95
Transposon sequencing (TnSeq) is a next-technology deep sequencing-primarily based totally technique to quantitatively investigate the composition of complicated mutant transposon libraries after stress from selection.
Although this technique may be used for any organism wherein transposon mutagenesis is possible, this bankruptcy describes its use in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. More specifically, the strategies for producing complicated libraries thru transposon mutagenesis, layout of selective stress, extraction of genomic DNA, amplification and quantification of transposon insertions thru next-technology deep sequencing are covered. Determining gene essentiality and statistical evaluation on information accumulated also are discussed.The majority (96%) of the genes we recognized as vital for MAH in vitro had a mutual ortholog withinside the associated and enormously virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb).
However, passaging our library thru a mouse version of contamination discovered a full-size number (54% of overall hits) of novel virulence genes. More than 97% of the MAH virulence genes had a mutual ortholog in Mtb.
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