mixture contains one or more substances like solute and solvent , solution is type of mixture
We can use litmus paper or perform any reaction to know what's in mixture
connection between biosphere and athmosphere.dghsdhtshthh
Answer:
Explanation:
Biosphere-Atmosphere Interactions focus on the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases (GHGs), air pollutants, particulate matter, water, and energy between the Earth's surface and the atmosphere.
predict the temperature of the atmosphere at a height of 135km above the surface and 140km above the surface. explain your predictions
Temperature Increases.
For every 100 meters as we move above the surface of the earth , temperature decreases by 1 degree celsius. Because there is less air above you as you rise in elevation, the pressure drops. Air molecules spread out more when the pressure drops, causing the air to expand, and the temperature to drop.
But, near 135- 140 Km lies the thermosphere region.
Thermosphere- Between 80 and 400 km above the Mesosphere, this layer can be found. This layer reflects radio waves that are emitted from the earth. In this location, the temperature starts to rise once more as the altitude rises.
The gases of the thermosphere get denser even if they are still very thin. As a result, the molecules in this layer start to absorb incoming high intensity ultraviolet and x-ray light from the sun, which leads to a significant temperature increase.
Also the formula to calculate temperature-
For 135 km -
T = -131 + (0.003 * altitude in meters)
T = -131 + (0.003 x 135000)
T = -131 + (405)
T = 274 ° C
For 140 km-
T = -131 + (0.003 x 140000)
T = -131 + (420)
T= 289 ° C
Hence, Temperature increases drastically.
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in imprinting, allelic expression is based on which parent the allele came from. the physical location of a gene in relation to other genetic material is known as .
In imprinting, allelic expression is based on which parent the allele came from. the physical location of a gene in relation to other genetic material is known as Position effect.
A multicellular creature's somatic cells have similar genetic material, which regulates the composition of the organism. Since the genetic material can duplicate alongside the cell, new cells inherit the same genetic makeup as their parent cells.Plasmids are a type of genetic material that can be found. Certain bacteria have genetic material called plasmids that can be discovered outside of their chromosomes.The fundamental structural and operational component of heredity is a gene. DNA is the component of genes. Many genes do not, however, code for proteins. A few hundred DNA bases to more than 2 million bases make up a gene in a human.To learn more about allele.
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If an amino acid does not contain an ionizable side chain, its net charge at physiological ph will be:________
The net charge (at physiological pH) on an amino acid which does not contain an ionizable side chain will be zero.
Amino acids contain both a carboxylic group (-COOH) as well as an amino group (-NH₂) . Both these functional groups are joined to a single carbon atom, i.e. α-carbon. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
Both the functional groups present in an amino acid have the ability to form their respective ions in the solution. At physiological pH, i.e. pH = ~7.4, the amino group accepts a H⁺ ion and becomes protonated (-NH₃⁺) whereas, the carboxyl group loses H⁺ ion to form a negatively charged ion (-COO⁻ ).
Due to the existence of both, a positive as well as a negative charge at the same time, the net charge becomes zero.
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If the mitochondria and chloroplasts in eukaryotic cells resulted from endosymbiosis between various prokaryotes, what features should these organelles have?.
Answer:
tkzzykysosy6dsoytoztksita
The organelle responsible for the biosynthesis of proteins that are destined for secretion by the cell is the.
Answer:
the ER
Explanation:
The organelle responsible for the biosynthesis of proteins that are destined for secretion by the cell is the Endoplasmic reticulum.
Thus, The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the organelle in charge of the production of proteins that are intended for cell secretion. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) are the two areas of the ER that are involved in protein production and secretion.
Under a microscope, the RER appears "rough" because it is covered in ribosomes. These ribosomes create proteins that are either intended for secretion or insertion into the ER membrane.
As the proteins are being created, they move into the ER lumen, where they go through a number of changes, including folding, glycosylation (the addition of sugar molecules), and disulfide bond formation.
Thus, The organelle responsible for the biosynthesis of proteins that are destined for secretion by the cell is the Endoplasmic reticulum.
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Many people were catching a communicable disease called "Ugo". Most of these people were very sick and took 7 to 9 days to recover. Investigations directed by Dr. Kleinenstein had revealed that Ugo was caused by a pathogenic bacteria, Ugot diarrhea.
Kleinenstein had recently read in the 'Journal of Biochemistry' that an antibiotic called "norunium" was observed to kill the Ugo bacteria
After receiving permission from the appropriate government agencies Kleinenstein was ready to conduct an experiment on human subjects.
Tablets were prepared containing the antibiotic norunium. A second batch of tablets containing none of this antibiotic were also prepared (tablets containing no medication are called 'placebos').
1. What is Kleinstein’s probable hypothesis? State as an “if.. then…” statement”
Answer:
If norunium can kill the Ugo bacteria, then norunium tablets when ingested should see to a reduction of Ugo bacteria in the body.
Explanation:
Kleinenstein is basing his experiment based on the results of another (group of) scientist(s) that found that norunium can eliminate the Ugo bacteria. Based on "reproducibility and replicability", Ugo should, with the same steps, come to the same result as the scientist(s) who found that "norunium" can kill the Ugo bacteria.
One thing to note, is that if Kleinenstein is to re-test the experiment, generally there would be a step to see the effects of the antibiotics on animals first, before moving to human subjects.
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In the replication fork, label the leading and lagging strands and the 5′ and 3′ ends of the dna and rna molecules. The 5′ and 3′ labels are used multiple times. True or false?.
In the replication fork, DNA synthesis occurs, in leading and lagging strand.
Leading: Although DNA is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction, it moves in the 3' to 5' way.
Lagging: DNA is synthesized in the 3' to 5' direction, yet it moves in the 5' to 3' direction.
DNA Synthesis- A macromolecule known as DNA is composed of repeated nucleotide units joined together by covalent and hydrogen interactions. These nucleotide units bind together to produce DNA, which can happen naturally or artificially.
Replication Fork- The region of DNA known as the origin of replication is where the replication process itself is now taking place. It has a shape that is similar to a fork. The replication process is carried out by a multiprotein complex that is located at the replication fork.
The given question is wrong, it's not the true/false question.
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Jeffrey is experiencing extreme pain in his belly. He goes to the doctor who
examines his abdominal region. Jeff points to an area underneath his ribcage, towards
the midline of his body. The doctor decides his is originating from his stomach. Identify
the abdominal region defined by Jeffrey and his doctor.
According to research, the correct answer is epigastric region. By the description given by Jeffrey and his doctor, the abdominal region is the epigastric which is located underneath his ribcage.
What is the epigastric region?It is the abdominal region located below the costal margin, in the central area of the abdomen, above the navel and is the characteristic location of gastroduodenal pathology.
In this sense, given that it is the region located in the anterior, upper and the midline of the abdomen, the signs of digestive and extradigestive diseases in this region underneath his ribcage include:
Pain in the bellyHeartburnStomach swellingThus, we can conclude that according to the research, the correct abdominal region defined by Jeffrey and his doctor is epigastric region which is located underneath his ribcage, towards the midline of his body.
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In a triathlon an athlete will swim for 1500m cycle for 40km and run for 10km it takes 30mins to swim 1hoir to cycle and 45 mins to run how will the temperature of the person change over time
I am a non-flowering vascular plant. I originated in humid forests and swamps. I do not grow from seeds. I grow from spores.
Answer:
ferns, mosses, liverworts, hornworts, lycophytes, and liverworts
Explanation:
Non-flowering plants, known as gymnosperms or conifers, can nonetheless generate seeds.
a single stranded dna (oligonucleotides) can hybridize with (select one): select one: a. complementary dna b. complementary rna c. complementary protein d. a and b
A single stranded DNA (oligonucleotides) can hybridize with (d) both complementary DNA and complementary RNA.
DNA is the Deoxyribonucleic Acid. It is the genetic material present in majority of organisms. The nitrogenous bases present in DNA are: Adenine, thymine, Guanine and Cytosine. DNA is a double stranded structure hence it forms hydrogen bonds with a complementary strand. The complementary strand can be of a DNA or RNA.
RNA is the Ribonucleic Acid. It also is a genetic material present in very few organisms. RNA is less stable than the DNA and may be either single stranded or double stranded. The nitrogenous bases of RNA are: Adenine Uracil, Guanine and Cytosine.
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The proteins that establish ionic gradients are called:____.
a. passive transporters.
b. active transporters.
c. voltage-gated ion channels.
d. ligand-gated ion channels.
e. permeability transition pores.
The proteins that establish ionic gradients are called active transporters.
So, option (a) is correct.
An example of a transport protein is a channel protein, which functions as a pore in the membrane to allow water molecules or tiny ions to pass through fast. Although they can also undertake passive transport, carrier proteins can perform active transport. For instance, valinomycin passively moves potassium down its gradient of concentration. Because it is extremely selective and solely transports potassium ions, it is utilised in place of a channel.The sodium potassium pump is a prime illustration of a carrier protein. Three sodium ions are removed from the cell and two potassium ions are brought into the cell using this carrier protein and ATP.To learn more about active transporters.
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a - an informed conjecture of what might be true b - coherent body of interconnected statements, based on reasoning and evidence, that explain a variety of observations c - change over time in the proportions of individuals in a population that differ genetically in one or more traits d - all species (living and extinct), have descended from one or a few original forms of life e - features that appear designed to fit organisms to their environment f - individuals of a population with superior features survive and reproduce more successfully than individuals with inferior features g - reconciliation of darwinian evolution with the facts of mendelian genetics h - hypothesis attributed to lamarck suggesting that traits acquired during an individual's lifetime are inherited i - a group of organisms that interact ecologically and reproductively more often than with members of other groups of the same species j - a taxonomic group whose members are all derived from a common ancestor
Answers to the questions asked in order respectively:
a. hypothesis b. scientific theory
c. populations change d. descent with modification
e. Adaptation f. Directional Selection
g. Neo-Darwinism h. acquired traits are inheritable
i. Demes j. Taxon
a.an informed conjecture of what might be true :
hypothesis
b - coherent body of interconnected statements, based on reasoning and evidence, that explain a variety of observations:
scientific theory
c - change over time in the proportions of individuals in a population that differ genetically in one or more traits:
populations change
d - all species (living and extinct), have descended from one or a few original forms of life :
descent with modification
e - features that appear designed to fit organisms to their environment:
Adaptation
f - individuals of a population with superior features survive and reproduce more successfully than individuals with inferior features :
Directional Selection
g - reconciliation of darwinian evolution with the facts of mendelian genetics:
Neo-Darwinism
h - hypothesis attributed to lamarck suggesting that traits acquired during an individual's lifetime are inherited :
acquired traits are inheritable
i - a group of organisms that interact ecologically and reproductively more often than with members of other groups of the same species:
Demes
j - a taxonomic group whose members are all derived from a common ancestor:
Taxon
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For which specimen would using a depression slide instead of a regular slide with a coverslip be more useful due to this organism's shape and lifestyle.
Living Organism specimen would using a depression slide instead of a regular slide with a coverslip be more useful due to this organism's shape and lifestyle.
Depression Slide- Microscopically depressed Living microbes in a hanging drop are examined on slides. The depression is 0.8 mm in depth and 15 mm in diameter. Slide is 1.0 mm thick and 25 X 75 mm wide.
Microbes- Microbes are extremely minute living entities that are all around us and are invisible to the unaided eye. They are aquatic, terrestrial, and avian organisms. Millions of these bacteria, which are also referred to as microorganisms, reside in the human body. While certain microorganisms make us ill, others are vital to our wellbeing.
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Do the usage of synthetic hormones for the modification of plant growth have any environmental implications?
Answer:
Yes, the usage of synthetic hormones for the modification of plant growth can have environmental implications.
1. One environmental implication is that it can lead to the development of herbicide-resistant weeds. If farmers are using synthetic hormones to make their crops grow faster, the weeds around the crops will also be exposed to the synthetic hormone and over time, they will develop a resistance to it.
2. Another environmental implication is that it can lead to soil contamination. If the synthetic hormone is not properly contained, it can leach into the soil and contaminate it. This can cause harm to other plants and animals that come in contact with the contaminated soil.
3. One final environmental implication is that it can disrupt the natural growth cycle of plants. By artificially manipulating the plant's hormones, farmers can make the plants mature faster. However, this can interfere with the plant's natural life cycle and cause problems in subsequent growing seasons.
What are synthetic hormones for plants?
Synthetic hormones for plants are chemicals that are added to the soil or sprayed on the plants to alter their growth.
Explanation:
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What type of infection do you use antibiotics for? What type of infections do you use vaccines for?
How do farmers use vegetative reproduction to grow white potatoes?
Question: GoodAfternoon: ) ✨ How do farmers use vegetative reproduction to grow white potatoes?
Answer:Potato tubers have nodes or eyes from which the new growth begins. The new stems growing from each eye are called sprouts which giver rise to the new plant. Vegetative seed can be either a whole tuber or a cut tuber. Potatoes are grown by vegetative propagation; that is, small tubers or pieces of tubers are planted. To maximize their planting stock, farmers may cut the tubers into several pieces. Each piece can grow into a new plant as long as an "eye" is present.
Explanation: Potatoes are mainly propagated by vegetative methods (cloning). Potato tubers have nodes or eyes from which the new growth begins. The new stems growing from each eye are called sprouts which giver rise to the new plant. Vegetative seed can be either a whole tuber or a cut tuber.
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1. What is the scientific term for the alternate versions of a gene?
Answer:
Allele
Explanation:
When protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and the energy in the molecule is.
When protein consumption is in excess of body needs and energy needs are met, the excess amino acids are metabolized and the energy in the molecule is stored as fat.
Proteins are essential components of cells and are primary sources of amino acids.
For the human body, proteins are vital elements as they not only repair damaged and broken cells but also manufacture new ones.
Moreover, proteins are necessary for teenagers, pregnant women, and children as they help promote growth and development.
However, if proteins are consumed more than the requirement of body needs then their excessive amount is stored as fat while the residues of amino acids are discharged from the body.
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4. Why are mutations or structural changes in chromosomes undesirable?
Answer:
they may change the entire phenomenon
Explanation: mutation in choromosome may cause change in entire gene level hence formed entire different proteins.which may effect growth, development and whole structure of the body.
What are the main components of the central nervous system?
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and extend to all parts of the body.
What happens to the atoms in the
reactants during a chemical reaction
Atoms in the reactants break bonds with one another in a chemical reaction, rearrange, and form new bonds to make the products.
What is a chemical reaction?In a chemical reaction, one or more substances—also known as reactants—are changed into one or more additional substances—also known as products. Chemical elements or chemical compounds make up substances.
How are chemical reactions categorized?There are several different types of chemical reactions, including acid-base interactions, exchange reactions, condensation processes and their opposites, cleavage reactions, and oxidation-reduction (or redox) reactions. Atoms in compounds are given oxidation statuses to keep track of electrons in chemical reactions.
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In which part of the cell cycle do the mitotic spindles assemble, bind to chromosomes, and move the sister chromatids apart?
Select one:
a.
cytokinesis
b.
G2 phase
c.
M phase
d.
S phase
C. During M Phase.
M phase - When a cell is in the M phase, it divides, first through nuclear division (mitosis), then through cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis). The DNA is replicated in the earlier S phase, and cohesins keep each replicated chromosome's two copies (known as sister chromatids) bound to one another.
Mitosis is divided into four stages
ProphaseMetaphaseAnaphaseTelophaseAfter metaphase , in which the chromosomes align at the equator, comes the Anaphase in which when the sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and move to the opposing poles of the cell. This separation results from the breakdown of cohesin, the protein that held the sister chromatids together during prophase, by enzymes. Every chromatid splits out to produce a separate chromosome.
Hence, during Anaphase of M phase sister chromatids move apart.
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The body performs many processes that depend upon energy and could not occur without a supply of atp. How does the energy from atp power the cellular reactions?.
ATP is an energy packed molecule which releases a molecule of phosphate upon hydrolysis. This is supplied to the cells undergoing metabolic reactions.
What is an ATP?ATP is adenosine triphosphate, a nucleotide molecule consisting of a sugar moiety called ribose, adenine as nitrogenous base and three molecules of phosphates attached to the sugar back-bone.
The phosphate group traps the energy. This energy is released when the phosphate bond is broken with the addition of water molecules. The ADP so formed is taken up by the cells as a source of energy for various biochemical reactions.
ATP, therefore serves as a carrier for energy transfer to the cells.
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According to the most recent report by the united nations, the world is on track to reach sustainable goal #6 on clean water and sanitation by the deadline set for 2030. True or false?.
The statement "According to the most recent report by the united nations, the world is on track to reach sustainable goal #6 on clean water and sanitation by the deadline set for 2030." is false.
According to a UN report, the world is not on track to complete Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6) on water and sanitation by the target year of 2030.
Billion people worldwide lack access to clean water, sanitary facilities, and handwashing stations. The budget for water and sanitation services is insufficient, and ecosystems and water sources are getting more contaminated. Furthermore, governance and delivery mechanisms are ineffective and disjointed.
The report is based on the eleven SDG 6 global indicators' most recent data. The study, which represents a consensus stance from the United Nations family, provides direction for comprehending worldwide progress on SDG 6 and its connections to other goals and targets.
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Rank the 3 groups of reactions of aerobic respiration in the order they occur, beginning with the first stage of cellular respiration at the top.
The correct order is 'Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron transport chain'.Aerobic (“oxygen-using”) respiratory takes place in 3 stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and electron transport. In glycolysis, glucose is break up into molecules of pyruvate.
This consequences in a internet benefit of ATP molecules. Life first developed withinside the absence of oxygen, and glycolysis does now no longer require oxygen. Aerobic respiratory is a chain of enzyme-managed reactions that launch the power saved up in carbohydrates and lipids at some point of photosynthesis and make it to be had to residing organisms.
Glycolysis is the primary degree of mobile respiratory. It takes vicinity withinside the cytoplasm of the cell. cardio respiratory (with oxygen) takes vicinity withinside the cell's mitochondria, and anaerobic respiratory (with out oxygen) takes vicinity in the cell's cytoplasm.
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If gtp hydrolysis occurs on a tubulin molecule at the plus end of a microtubule protofilament before another tubulin molecule is added, what typically happens?.
When gtp hydrolysis takes place on a tubulin molecule at the plus end of a microtubule protofilament before another tubulin molecule is attached, the microtubule depolymerizes.
The third main component of the cytoskeleton, microtubules, are hard, hollow rods with a diameter of around 25 nm. Microtubules are dynamic structures that constantly assemble and disassemble within the cell, similar to actin filaments.
They have a role in a number of cell motions, including as some types of cell motility, the intracellular movement of organelles, and the division of the chromosomes during mitosis, in addition to determining the shape of the cell.
Microtubules are made up of just one type of globular protein called tubulin, as opposed to the diverse fibrous proteins that make up intermediate filaments. Tubulin is a dimer made up of the 55-kD polypeptides -tubulin and -tubulin, which are tightly connected to one another. Both - and -tubulin are encoded by small groups of linked genes, similar to actin.
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85
The photograph shows a cross-section of a root.
The root hair and the xylem are part of the same
A cell and organism.
B
cell and tissue.
C
D tissue and organ.
organ and organism.
The correction option is D. organ and organism
Considering the plant as a whole to be an organism, it's organs would include stem, roots, leaves and flowers. These structures are further made up of different kinds of tissues depending on the function they need to perform. In the given cross-section of root, which is an organ, we can see a centralized tissue which is Xylem and the peripheral hair-like cells known as root hair or trichomes. Single epidermal cell extensions known as root hairs increase the root surface area in contact with soil water.Xylem is a complex tissue whereas root hair or trichome is a cell.Xylem is a part of the vascular tissue system of the plants which also consists of phloem. The function of xylem is conduction of water and minerals and that of phloem is conduction of sugars through the plants.Therefore, all the other options are incorrect except D. organ and organism.
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Metals participate in two types of single-displacement reactions. A reactive metal can displace _____ gas either from water or from an aqueous acid. A _____ reactive metal can also displace the ion of a _____ reactive metal from solution.
Metals participate in two types of single-displacement reactions. A reactive metal can displace H₂ gas either from water or from an aqueous acid. A more reactive metal can also displace the ion of a less reactive metal from solution. Hence, option C is the correct response.
A single replacement reaction, also known as a single displacement reaction, occurs when one element in a molecule is swapped out for another. Starting ingredients are always pure elements combined with an aqueous compound, such as pure hydrogen gas or zinc metal. A new aqueous compound and a different pure element will be produced as products when a replacement reaction takes place.
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Question correction:
Metals participate in two types of single-displacement reactions. A reactive metal can displace __________ gas either from water or from an aqueous acid. A __________ reactive metal can also displace the ion of a __________ reactive metal from solution.
a. H₂; less; more
b. O₂; more; less
c. H₂; more; less
d. O₂; less; more