In clonal MIN6 -cells, kinesin I and cytoplasmic dynein coordinate the migration of insulin-containing vesicles in response to glucose.
For prolonged insulin production, large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) must be mobilized by glucose and transported to the plasma membrane. The cytoskeletal components and molecular drivers involved in vesicle trafficking in -cells are still not well understood. Here, we discuss the simultaneous imaging of LDCVs and microtubules in -cells that have been tagged with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Vesicles travel along the tangled network of microtubules, which characterize intricate directional movements. Even though LDCVs frequently changed direction, suggesting the involvement of both plus- and minus-end directed motors, inactivating the minus-end motor, cytoplasmic dynein, only partially inhibited all vesicle movements that were involved in vesicle recovery after glucose-stimulated exocytosis. The plus-end motor, kinesin I, was selectively silenced by short interfering RNAs, which significantly reduced all vesicle motions. We determine that Kinesin I is primarily responsible for LDCV transport in -cells, while dynein is likely involved in the recovery of vesicles following rapid kiss-and-run exocytosis.
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In humans, mitochondrial genetic disorders are inherited from only the mother. The severity of such diseases can vary greatly, even within a single family. What form of inheritance does this represent?.
In humans, mitochondrial genetic disorders are inherited from only the mother. The severity of such diseases can vary greatly, even within a single family. This form of inheritance represents cytoplasmic inheritance.
In the field of genetics, we can describe cytoplasmic inheritance as a kind of inheritance where genes that are present in the cell, other than the nucleus, are transmitted from the parent to the offspring.
In humans, mitochondria are the organelles known to have their own genetic material.
During fertilization, the mitochondria found in the male sperm are destroyed by the egg cell present in the female body.
Hence, mitochondrial genes are transferred to an offspring from the mother only. Any kind of disorders or diseases linked to the female mitochondrial genes has the probability to be passed on to the offspring.
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what virus only affects bacteria
Answer: Bacteriophages (phages)
Explanation:
in a specific ecosystem, the population with the greatest number of members will be the secondary consumers.
False. in a specific ecosystem, the population with the greatest number of members will be the producers
Producers are organisms that create food in the food chain and are found at the bottom of the food chain pyramid. Producers use sunlight to fix CO2 and H2O, which they accumulate in their bodies as biomass and use to provide energy to other organisms in the food chain.
Food chains do not exist naturally without producers. In some cases, it depicts an upright pyramid, but in others, it depicts a spindle-shaped pyramid in a separate ecosystem.
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4. Which characteristic of life should be the title of this graph?
A. Cellular Basis
B. Growth
C. Homeostasis
D. Reproduction
The characteristic of life which fit the title of this graph is homeostasis.
Option c is the correct answer choice.
This goes to say that all living organisms share a similar characteristics such as homeostasis
Be that as it may, it is very important that living things maintain a stable internal environment. This homeostasis in particular means the mentainance of a fairly internal environment of an organism
Characteristics of living organismsLiving things be it plants or animals share a number of key characteristics or functions such as:
MovementRespirationHomeostasisReproductionGrowth EvolutionCompetitionExcretionComplete question:
Which characteristic of life should be the title of this graph?
A. Cellular Basis
B. Growth
C. Homeostasis
D. Reproduction
The graph is attached is attached to the question
So therefore, the characteristic of life which fit the title of this graph is homeostasis.
Option c is the correct answer choice.
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automated segmentation of human axon and myelin from electron microscopy data using deep learning for microstructural validation and simulation
When axon and myelin are separated from nervous system microscopy pictures, useful quantitative information about the tissue's microstructure, including axon density and myelin thickness, is obtained.
What is Myelin and axon ?Myelin is a lipid-rich substance that surrounds nerve cell axons, the "wires" of the nervous system, to insulate them and speed up the transmission of electrical impulses (known as action potentials).
In your brain, each neuron has a single, lengthy cable that extends from the cell's core. An axon is a cable that is much thinner than a human hair and is where a neuron's electrical impulses leave the cell to be picked up by neighbouring neurons.Learn more about Myelin and axon here:
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In order for an experiment to be considered a "controlled experiment" the experiments must
be exactly the same except for how many variables?
Answer:
one
Explanation:
only one variable can be changed in an experiment to be able to tell if what you changed made the experiment change.
Any tissues that exist in layers and form linings or coverings fall into the category of.
Stratified epithelia are any tissues that appear in layers and establish linings as well as coverings.
The epithelium is a type of body tissue that surrounds all of the internal and external surfaces of your body, tracks body cavities and hollow body organs, and serves as the main tissue in glands. Epithelial tissue serves a variety of functions in your body, such as protection, secretion, and absorption.
Epithelial tissue is made up of stratified epithelial cells. Cells can be of different shape and structured in a single layer or multiple layers depending on their position in one's body or their functions.
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endangered species with very small populations are especially at risk of loss of genetic diversity due to: mutation genetic drift natural selection immigration
endangered species with very small populations are especially at risk of loss of genetic diversity due to immigration
In the biological terms, the immigration was means new organisms joining or entering the different population. These new organisms are would bring with them the new alleles or the new genes to be the existing population. It would be result in the genes transfer. the Genes transfer refers to the the movement of the genetic material between the organisms
For example, the salmon start life in the rivers and to migrate to the sea to feed and then grow. After then spending up to seven years in the ocean, they may migrate back to the rivers and they were born in so that they can be spawn.
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why does the body need to use energy for this process
copper amalgam used for filling primary teeth may impart a(n) color. group of answer choices bluish-black orange bluish-green brown
Copper amalgam used for filling primary teeth may impart a bluish green color.
In dentistry, copper alloy mixture is indispensable for tooth decay due to chemical and physical characteristics.
Copper amalgam - an alloy of copper that is composed of 22–32% silver, 8% zinc, 50% mercury and 14% tin.
Traditionally, copper along with silver and tin has immense importance as a dental alloy.
It enhances the compressive strength of the filling material and setting contraction as well.
Generally, amalgam of copper is used for filing tooth and is most effective, sound and safe treatment for tooth cavities.
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Complete this hypothesis statement:
If a plant receives more water,
the pizza that you ate for lunch is being digested. summarize what happens to it in your stomach.(1 point)
I ate a pizza, which my stomach then churned and mixed with gastric acid and digestive enzymes.
What happened after I ate the pizza? Summarize.Despite a few exceptions, the most of pizza's include a lot of calories, sugar, and sodium. They frequently have excessive fat, extra sugar, and artificial preservatives. They are also heavily processed.
French bread style and packed crust varieties can add even more calories, as can selecting toppings like sausage, additional cheese, and other high-calorie foods.
The stomach is a digestive system organ that stores and processes food. It is situated between the intestine and the esophagus. After passing through the esophagus, the food enters the stomach, where it is digested to remove the nutrients with the aid of the digestive enzymes and gastric acid released by the stomach.
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Answer:
I have that same question on my bio assignment also... but i think the answer is "the pizza is churned, mixing it with digestive enzymes and gastric acid?
Explanation:
PLEASE HELP!!
What do all living organisms contain?
Answer: cells
Explanation:
Answer:
All living organisms contain cells
Difference between plants and animal In terms of feeding
Answer:Plants
Explanation:animals
How is the nuclear membrane like the cell membrane?
Answer:
because they have similar
Explanation:
functiona and stucture
Answer:
So basically, the critical function of the nuclear membranes is to act as a barrier that separates the contents of the nucleus from the cytoplasm. Like other cell membranes, the nuclear membranes are phospholipid bilayers, which are permeable only to small nonpolar molecules.
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What are the structures and stage of mitosis?
Today, mitosis is understood to involve five phases, based on the physical state of the chromosomes and spindle. These phases are prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
what adaptions are found in fish and ducks
please answer my question I will give you mark as brilliant answer pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls pls
Answer:
fish have a streamlined body and papers toward the inners they have fins that tells science is used to move towards and the and the scale which are Boni protect the soft bodies of fish breath through gives that's A web shooted do not have blood vessels in their feet their feather are waterproof and a special glad that produces oil near the
some species of bacteria can live in hot springs. their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70c or higher.
The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70°C
Enzymes are biological catalyst that help in speeding up a reaction. Although most enzymes function best at normal temperatures, there are many others which work best at higher or lower temperatures. Temperature plays an important role for the proper working of an enzyme.
An enzyme that functions best at 70 degrees Celsius will increase the rate of a reaction by maximum amount is this temperature will be provided to it. It's activation energy will be maximum at this temperature.
However, if the temperature is lowered for this enzyme, then it will not be able to speed up the rate of reactions with the same intensity.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70°C or higher. At a temperature of 50°C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most likely be affected?
A. The enzymes will be destroyed by lysosomes.
B. The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart.
C. The enzymes will require less energy to function than at 70°C.
D. The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70°C.
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If aspartate was linked to amino acids lysine, tyrosine, and serine, would this tetrapeptide be which of the
following?
Amphipathic
Hydrophobic
Cannot be determined from information given
Hydrophilic
If aspartate was linked to amino acids lysine, tyrosine, and serine, this tetrapeptide would be hydrophilic; option D.
What are amino acids?Amino acids are the basic monomer units from which proteins are made.
Amino acids consists of the following general parts:
a central carbon atoman amino groupan R groupa carboxyl groupa hydrogen atomThe R groups of amino acids determines the nature and polarity of amino acids.
The R groups of the amino acids aspartate, lysine, tyrosine, and serine are all polar groups.
Therefore, the tetra peptides formed from the amino acids will be hydrophilic.
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identify the mass above which a man whose height is 185 cm would be classified as obese
Answer:
Around 90.7
Explanation:
the muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, is the:
The muscular tube between the stomach and the large intestine, divided into the duodenum, the jejunum, and the ileum, is the small intestine.
What is alimentary canal?The alimentary canal is a muscular hollow continuous tubular organ that begins at the mouth and ends at the anus and is in charge of digestion and absorption of ingested food and liquids.
The alimentary canal, also known as the alimentary tract, is a component of the digestive (gastrointestinal) system.
The small intestine is the muscular tube that connects the stomach to the large intestine and is divided into the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Thus, the answer is small intestine.
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the bacterial flagellum moves multiple choice by rotation that is powered by atp. by rotation that is powered by the proton motive force. in a wave-like fashion that is powered by atp. in a wave-like fashion that is powered by the proton motive force.
The bacterial flagellum moves (b) by rotation that is powered by the proton motive force.
Flagellum is the motile structure found in many prokaryotic organisms and a few eukaryotic organisms. It is along thread-like structure. It can help organisms in moving or swimming. An organism may have a single flagellum or may have multiple flagella.
Proton motive force (pmf)is the force generated due to the pumping of the protons across the plasma membrane. In mitochondria, this force aids in the production of ATP. There are two components of pmf are: membrane potential (ΔΨ) and the gradient of proton concentration (ΔpH).
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we initially reasoned that conventional fluorescently-labeled antibodies could potentially be used in exm if a sufficient number of linkages could be formed between the antibodies and hydrogel so that protease-digested antibody fragments would remain linked to the hydrogel (fig. 1).
Expansion Microscopy (ExM), an ultra microscopy method that employs physical expansion of fixed specimens to enable features closer than the diffraction limit of light (250 nm) to become resolvable in the expanded specimen, was recently developed by Boyden and colleagues.
Fluorophores on fixed specimens are connected to a swellable polymer that is physically stretched to permit super-resolution microscopy with conventional microscopes. This technique, called expansion microscopy, has only recently been developed. We have created and described novel techniques for attaching fluorophores to the polymer, making it possible to use traditional fluorescently-labeled fluorescent proteins and antibodies for expansion microscopy. Our techniques will help the approach spread quickly and will simplify the process and broaden the range of appropriate labels.
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prior to the work of blank, scientists did not distinguish between members of the archaea and the bacteria.
Prior to the work of Carl Woese, scientists did not distinguish between members of the archaea and the bacteria.
What is Carle woese famous for ?Microbiologist Carl Woese made significant contributions to phylogenic taxonomy. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic were the first two domains on the tree of life, however Woese challenged this idea using ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
It was proposed that these species were as unrelated to bacteria as bacteria are to eukaryotes in a 1977 paper published by Woese and his postdoctoral fellow George Fox in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.The way Woese used to identify this "third form of life," comparing the sequences of one specific molecule essential to cellular function, called ribosomal RNA, has since become the norm for identifying and categorising all species.Learn more about Carl Woese here:
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human neural stem cell transplants to address multiple pathologies associated with traumatic brain injury.
For traumatic brain injury (TBI), neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation is a potential option
What is traumatic brain injury?TBI is a change in brain function brought on by an outside stimulus and showing signs of brain pathology. It might result from a hit to the head, a blast, a jolt, or a bump, even one that penetrates the skull. Due to its financial consequences, TBI is a public health issue on a global scale. The majority of TBIs are treatable, do not require hospitalization, but they can affect productivity. The majority of TBI care expenses are attributable to a lower percentage of TBI caused by falls or penetrating TBI (PTBI), which necessitates hospitalization.
Why human neural stem cell transplant was considered beneficial for TBIFor traumatic brain damage, neural stem cell (NSC) therapy is a potential option (TBI). Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have also been researched as a potential TBI treatment because of their roles in brain regeneration and neurotrophic effects. In the current investigation, autologous MSC-derived NSC-like cell transplantation in 10 patients with severe TBI was examined for safety, viability, and biological effects. All the patients had physical and neurological examinations, standard laboratory testing, and evaluations of the results of neuroradiological studies after receiving intravenous or intrathecal injections of human NSC-like cells. The findings showed that most patients had, to varying degrees, improved neurological function during the follow-up period. Following transplantation, no patient experienced any mortality or severe adverse effects.
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cells in the body exist in an aqueous environment. they are constantly surrounded by water or a solution that contains water.
Answer:
A solution that contains water
Explanation:
it contains 90% water however it still contains other forms of liquids and stuff
the approach allows for the scientific study of the interrelationship between culture and what humans have inherited genetically.
Biocultural is the approach that allows for the scientific study of the interrelationship in between the culture and what the humans have inherited genetically
Biocultural is the approaches recognize the pervasiveness and the dynamism of the interactions between the biological and the cultural phenomena, and they was explicitly strive to the integrate the biological, sociocultural, the environmental, and other kinds of the data For example, the biocultural anthropologist might study that how the food we eat shapes to our societal and structure and that influences the politics and how they changes in the nutrition and the availability of food affect the health of the average persons life
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the organs for taste receptors are called , most of which are found associated with .
The organs for taste receptors are called taste buds papillae.
What are taste buds papillae?
They are known as papillae and the majority of them have taste buds. The tiny hairs on taste buds, known as microvilli, are extremely sensitive (say: mye-kro-VILL-eye). You can tell if something is sweet, sour, bitter, or salty because those little hairs communicate with the brain about how it tastes.
On the upper surface of the tongue, soft palate, upper esophagus, cheek, and epiglottis are little structures called as papillae that house the taste receptors. The five components of taste perception—saltiness, sourness, bitterness, sweetness, and umami—are detected by these structures.
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Brown-eyed alma has a blue-eyed mother and a brown-eyed father. In this case, her brown eyes were determined by a _____ allele.
Her brown eyes in this case were caused by a dominant allele.
What are dominant alleles, exactly?When more than one allele is present, a dominant allele is a gene variant that will still cause a particular phenotype.A dominant allele typically codes for a functional protein.The allele is dominant because it produces enough enzyme from a single copy to allow a cell to have an abundance of a certain product.Why are some genes dominant alleles?A dominant allele is referred to as dominant because it conceals the recessive trait and appears in the phenotype of a heterozygous species.One allele is all that is required to express the trait.learn more about dominant allele here
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How does the law of conservation apply to nutrient cycles?
Answer:
Matter can change form through physical and chemical changes, but through any of these changes matter is conserved. The same amount of matter exists before and after the change—none is created or destroyed. This concept is called the Law of Conservation of Mass
Explanation: