Several different kinds of bonds or interactions are involved in generating and maintaining the structure of proteins is true.
A protein's main building block is a chain of linked amino acids. Peptide bonds are used to connect amino acids.A peptide bond is a sort of covalent link that connects an amino acid's carboxyl group to its amino group.The protein's overall structure consists of alpha helices (green) and beta sheets (red). The folding and intramolecular bonding of the linear amino acid chain, which ultimately creates the protein's distinctive three-dimensional shape, are driven by the main structure of a protein, its amino acid sequence. The structure of a protein enables it to function.To learn more about structure of proteins.
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the ganglion that supplies postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands to increase their secretions is the
-The Submandibular Ganglion is the ganglion that provides postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands to augment their secretions.
-The human autonomic nervous system includes the submandibular ganglion, often known as the submaxillary ganglion in earlier sources. It belongs to the head and neck's four parasympathetic ganglia. (The otic ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, and ciliary ganglion are the others.)
Where is it found?
Little and fusiform in shape, the submandibular ganglion is modest. It is located on the hyoglossus muscle, close to the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle, over the deep part of the submandibular gland.
The ganglion "hangs" from the lower border of the lingual nerve by two nerve filaments (itself a branch of the mandibular nerve, CN V3). Two anterior and two posterior filaments support it from the lingual nerve. It receives a branch from the chorda tympani nerve, which runs in the sheath of the lingual nerve, through the posterior of these.
Fibers:
The submandibular ganglion, like other parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck, serves as the synapse for parasympathetic nerve fibres as well as carrying other types of nerve fibre that do not synapse in the ganglion. The following is a list of the fibres carried in the ganglion:
sympathetic fibres from the face nerve and its branches, which travel through the external carotid plexus. In this ganglion, they do not synaptize.
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibres from the superior salivary nucleus of the Pons travel to this ganglion through the chorda tympani and lingual nerve.
salivary glands of the submandibular, sublingual, and oral mucosa are all served by postganglionic parasympathetic fibres. They act as these glands' secretomotors. After re-entering the lingual nerve, some postganglionic fibres travel to the sublingual gland.
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Wild-type mice have brown fur. You have two strains of pure breeding mutant mice, both of which have white fur. When you cross the two strains with each other, all of the progeny have wild-type brown fur. What does this genetic complementation tell you?.
The phenotypic of coat color is influenced by several genes.
A gene have 2 alleles which decide the phenotype character. By crossing 2 mutant strain can result in the formation of wild type mice which have brown fur.
Gene- In every type of living creature, a gene is a highly precise sequence of nucleotide monomers that has the power to fully or partially regulate the expression of one or more features. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and, in the case of certain viruses, ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymers are used to create genes.
Phenotype- An observable characteristic is simply referred to as a "phenotype." Pheno, which has the same origin as the term "phenomenon," simply means "observe." It may therefore relate to anything ranging from a common attribute, like height or hair color, to the absence or presence of a disease. It is also an observable kind of an organism.
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Eukaryotic cells store their dna in the form of linear chromosomes. This creates problems for replication of dna at the ends of the chromosomes because.
Answer:
DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction.
Explanation:
I did this already. "If it is a written answer, make sure you change wording!"
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Which part of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic? Which direction does it face?
You are doing a study on the enzymatic effects of lysosomes and want to follow the whole process from the formation of the enzymes to their use in the lysosome. In what location of the cell would you begin this observation?.
You are doing a study on the enzymatic effects of lysosomes and want to follow the whole process from the formation of the enzymes to their use in the lysosome. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the place where this observation will begin.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of the body which is involved in protein synthesis. The Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) has ribosomes attached to it. The ribosomes are the sites where the process of translation occurs. The Endoplasmic reticulum is known to play a central role in not only the formation of proteins but also the formation of lipids.
Hence, if we want to study lysosomes from the beginning i,e from the formation of enzymes present in lysosomes, then we will start from the Endoplasmic reticulum as it is the membrane is the place where lysosomes along with various other proteins are formed.
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What are some of the problems with our continuing reliance on fossil fuels?
Answer:
it will cause health problems, destroy our wild places, and release toxins such as mercury and arsenic into our communities.
Answer:
Fossil fuels pollute the environment
Fossil fuels are non-renewable and unsustainable
Drilling for fossil fuels is a dangerous process
Explanation:
Which part of the scientific method might happen when an idea from biology is combined with an idea from engineering?
Formulation of a Hypothes is a part of the scientific method might happen when an idea from biology is combined with an idea from engineering.
When an idea from biology is combined with an idea from engineering, the formulation of a hypothesis is likely to occur. This involves generating a testable statement or prediction that can be investigated through experimentation and testing.
In this case, the integration of biological and engineering concepts could lead to the development of a hypothesis that aims to solve a specific problem or address a question by utilizing both fields' principles and knowledge.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
Which part of the scientific method might happen when an idea from biology is combined with an idea from engineering?
A. Observation and Data Collection
B. Formulation of a Hypothesis
C. Experimentation and Testing
D. Analysis and Conclusion
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4. Suggest another experiment that you could perform that deals with surface tension. Write your question/hypothesis
below and a brief description of how you would conduct the experiment including independent and dependent
variables, controlled variables, and a control group.
The experiment could be performed like take a beaker which is filled with water an spread the pepper onto the water surface and you can observe easily how surface tension holding layer towards upper side.
What is surface tension?Surface tension is the property by which water surface tends to produce tension on it's surface, or we can say that surface is the tendency of liquid to shrink into minimum possible surface area.
Mathematically,
Surface tension is equal to force per unit length it means that force which act at a 1 meter length is called surface tension. By the virtue of surface tension bubble is formed.
Therefore, The experiment could be performed like take a beaker which is filled with water an spread the pepper onto the water surface and you can observe easily how surface tension holding layer towards upper side.
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you would like to see if the gene that you are studying in mouse has a homolog in humans. to do this you decide to do a southern blot. you believe the gene sequence will be not be highly conserved. therefore, you would like to select conditions to hybridize your probe with low stringency to find as many candidates as possible. which condition (relatively) will you use? select one: a. at higher annealing temperature b. at lower annealing temperature
So option a(High stringency) is the correct answer. You will employ (relatively) high stringency.
The gene sequence will be not be highly conserved. As a result, you want to choose criteria to hybridise your probe with minimal stringency in order to find as many candidates as feasible.
What exactly is a gene?
A gene is the most basic physical and functional component of heredity. The building block of genes is DNA. Some genes act as blueprints for protein synthesis. However, many genes do not encode proteins. Human genes range in size from a few hundred to over 2 million DNA bases.
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answer this please!!!!!!!!!
the zebra longwing butterfly (heliconius charitonius) has adapted to withstand the toxins and defenses in its host plant, the passion flower (passiflora sp.). this back-and-forth response of adaptations between the butterfly and plant that has lasted thousands of years is .
This back-and-forth response of adaptations between the plant and butterfly that has lasted thousands of years is Coevolution.
What is coevolution?
Coevolution occurs when the genetic development of two or more species has an impact on one another's evolutionary processes. Hummingbirds and ornithophilous (bird-pollinated) flowers are two examples. The nectar from the ornithophilous blooms, which has a high sugar content, provides food for the birds. In exchange, the birds help pollinate these flowers.
As mentioned in question, the zebra longwing butterfly (Heliconius Charitonius) has adapted to withstand the toxins and defenses in its host plant the passion flower (Passiflora sp.). This back-and-forth response of adaptations between the plant and butterfly that has lasted thousands of years is coevolution.
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Sammy is doing research that involves placing objects in the visual fields of visually impaired elderly men. you would suggest that sammy place the electrodes near the _______________
In Occipital lobe part of the brain can sammy place the electrodes.
One of the four main lobes of the cerebral cortex of the mammalian brain is the occipital lobe. The term comes from the Latin words ob, meaning "behind," and caput, meaning "the head," and refers to its location at the back of the head.
The majority of the physical region of the visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe, which is the mammalian brain's visual processing hub. The primary visual cortex is designated as Brodmann area 17, or V1 (visual one). Human V1 is situated in the calcarine sulcus, on the medial side of the occipital lobe.
The Occipital Lobe of the brain is the area that enables us to comprehend and perceive with accuracy what the eyes are perceiving and seeing. Processing the pictures that the eyes are seeing is another job of the occipital lobe. The occipital lobe performs more than just visualizing images received from the eyes; it also recognizes colors, which is necessary for reading and comprehension, as well as the movement of objects.
Correct Question:
Sammy is doing research that involves placing objects in the visual fields of visually impaired elderly men. He wants to discover what specific neurons fire in response to the features of the objects. The study requires electrodes to be implanted in the men's brains. In which part of the brain would you suggest Sammy place the electrodes?
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How does eye location best represent the relationship between structure and function?
The location of the eyes are how they select favorable mates.
Predator eye location on the front of the head allows them to see prey hiding off to the side .
The eyes that are located in the front can see better at night .
Prey eye location on sides of the head allow for greater field of view.
Answer: Prey eye location on sides of the head allow for greater field of view.
Explanation: I am like 99% sure that is correct if not pls let me know I remember doing this exact paper
The genome of escherichia coli consists of 4380 genes, encoding 4290 proteins, in just 5175720 base pairs. what percent fraction of the escherichia coli genes encode proteins?
According to the above formula, the percentage of genes that code for proteins is 97.95%.
Briefing:4380 genes are found in total.
4290 total proteins are encoded by the genes.
There are 5175720 base pairs overall.
Percentage of genes that code for proteins: Although there are 4380 genes overall, only 4290 of them code for proteins.
Total number of protein-coding genes divided by the total number of genes present gives the fraction of protein-coding genes (4290/4380), which equals 0.9795.
Percent fraction of genes encoding proteins
= Fraction of genes encoding proteins * 100
= 0.9795*100
The percentage of genes that code for proteins is 97.95%.
Where are the genes in DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) segments called genes are responsible for carrying out specified protein functions in one or more types of bodily cells. The structures called chromosomes found in cells house a person's genes. Chromosomes, which are found in the cell nucleus, are where genes are found.
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what’s the answer? i need it for my biology homework.
Answer: (C) The sodium-potassium pump, which restores resting membrane potentials in neurons through the use of ATP
In Sl units, the standard unit of force
In Sl units, the standard unit of force newton, symbol N.
The base units relevant to force are:
The metre, or m, is a unit of length.
The kilogram (kg), a unit of mass
second, or s, is a unit of time.
The change in momentum rate is referred to as force. This is comparable to mass x acceleration for a constant mass.
Therefore, 1 N equals 1 kilogram m s-2 or 1 kg m/s2.
Force is denoted by the letter F.
A force is an effect that can alter an object's motion in physics. A force can cause an object with mass to accelerate when it changes its velocity, for as when it moves away from rest. An obvious way to describe force is as a push or a pull. A force is a vector quantity since it has both magnitude and direction. It is calculated using the newton SI unit (N). Force is denoted by the letter F.To know more about force visit:
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According to the second law of thermodynamics, increases when energy is transferred from one form to another and some energy is lost as heat in the process?.
halldorsson s, gudjonsson t, gottfredsson m, singh pk, gudmundsson gh, and baldursson o (2010) azithromycin maintains airway epithelial integrity during pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. am j respir cell mol biol 42:62–68.
Study on use of ivermectin for Covid-19: Azithromycin maintains airway epithelial integrity during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
Overview:
The macrolide antibiotic azithromycin (azm) has been shown to improve lung function in CF patients without reducing bacterial counts in the lungs.
Tight junctions (TJs) play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the bronchial epithelium. Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) often suffer chronic infections with the opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which produces several virulence factors, including rhamnolipids.
However, the mechanism of this effect is still debated. Azm was previously shown to increase transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) in bronchial epithelial cell lines.
In this study, we used an air-liquid interface model of human airway epithelium to measure changes in TER, TJ expression and structure after exposure to live Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 and PAO1-Deltarhl, PAO1 mutants lacking rhlA and rhlB. Did. Enzyme for rhamnolipid production.
Additionally, cells were challenged with bacterial culture media conditioned by these strains, purified rhamnolipids, or synthetic 3O-C(12)-HSL. A virulence factor secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa reduced TER in the bronchial epithelium, causing TJ rearrangements and exposing the epithelium to further bacterial invasion. Pretreatment of bronchial epithelium with Azm attenuated this effect and promoted epithelial repair.
These data suggest that azm protects the bronchial epithelium during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection independently of its antibacterial activity, partially explaining the beneficial results observed in clinical trials in patients with CF.
complete question, Study on use of ivermectin for Covid-19: Azithromycin.
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what type of medication is important to a person having pneumonia that doctor recommend?
Answer:
He should take Antibiotics
Explanation:
if you want to determine the proportion of cells that have been killed by a particular antimicrobial treatment, it would be best to do which type of cell count before and after that treatment?
Agar plates are the standard solid support material for growing microorganisms.
What is Agar plates?Agar plates are Petri dishes used to cultivate microorganisms that contain a growth media that has been hardened with agar. Antibiotics are one example of the selective chemicals that are occasionally added to affect growth.
96 pinner for use in spot experiments with yeast, fungal, or bacterial cells
Individual microorganisms placed on the plate will develop into distinct colonies, each of which is a clone genetically identical to the distinct ancestor organism (except for the low, unavoidable rate of mutation). As a result, the plate can be used to estimate the number of organisms in a liquid culture or a suitable dilution of that culture using a colony counter, as well as to create genetically pure cultures from a mixed culture of genetically diverse organisms.
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PLEASE HELP ME WITH THIS
Answer:circle pentagon rectangle
Explanation:
1. . What is facilitated diffusion?
2. Name one type of proteins are involved in facilitated diffusion?
3. True / False: Diffusion of water and facilitated diffusion require energy from a cell.
4. Diffusion of water and facilitated diffusion are forms of
transport.
__________________
5. What is osmosis?
6. Controlling osmosis is important in helping a cell maintain
which is a stable internal environment.
_____________________
7. In osmosis, water molecules move toward the region of
concentration.
___________________
8. Osmosis works because water molecules (solvent) can move through a membrane, but __________________________ cannot.
Numbers 9 and 10 are on the next page.
9. Two solutions that have equal concentrations are said to be ________________.
10. If a red blood cell is placed into a hypertonic solution, what will happen to that red blood cell?
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport of molecules across the plasma membrane.
What is facilitated diffusion?1. Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport of molecules, which means that it does not spend energy to be able to generate the passage through the membrane. So the molecule is going to be passing down its concentration gradient.
2. One class of proteins involved in facilitated diffusion is carrier proteins.
3. False: Diffusion of water and facilitated diffusion does not require energy expenditure.
4. Diffusion of water and facilitated diffusion are forms of passive transport.
5. Osmosis is a process in which there is a movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
6. Controlling osmosis is important in helping a cell maintain which is a stable internal environment it's true.
7. In osmosis, water molecules move toward the region of higher concentration of molecules.
8. Osmosis works because water molecules (solvent) can move through a membrane, but solutes cannot.
9. Two solutions that have equal concentrations are said to be isoosmotic.
10. If a red blood cell is placed into a hypertonic solution, the cell will shrink as the water will leave it in order to equalize the concentrations.
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ilska, j., haskell, m.j., blott, s.c., sanchez-molano, e., polgar, z., lofgren, s.e., clements, d.n. and wiener, p. 2017. genetic characterization of dog personality traits. genetics, 206: 1101- 1111.
The genetic makeup of canine behavioral traits is of great interest to dog owners, breeders, experts in animal welfare, and researchers studying the genetics of animal (and human) behavior.
Variations in canine behavior between breeds and some evidence of variability within breeds point to the genetic nature of canine behavior. To investigate the genetic basis of complex traits like behavior, which are known to be influenced by nongenetic factors and are time-consuming and logistically tough to assess, it is difficult to compile sufficiently large datasets. By exploiting the knowledge that owners have about their dogs, we created a significant dataset of personality traits in Labrador Retrievers for this study. We demonstrate that, even after adjusting for significant contextual factors, genetic variance for canine personality traits evaluated by questionnaire data may be discovered. We discovered sizable genetic variance for some behaviors, such as the propensity to fetch and the aversion to loud stimuli, while other variables revealed miniscule heritabilities. Additionally, the genetic relationships between traits were examined; however, due to the extremely high SEs, only a small number of trait pairs showed statistically significant results. According to genomic study, which also identified chromosomal links for six of the qualities, individual genomic regions only had minimal influences on these behaviors. The polygenic nature of these traits supports the need for large datasets to quantify genetic variance and identify the precise genes causing behavioral traits, and is consistent with past behavioral genetics investigations in other species, such as the mouse.To learn more about dog personality traits visit:
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8 Hypertonic solutions and hypotonic solutions can cause
molecules to move across the cell membrane.
in a Hypotonic solutions the cell tend to swell by allowing water to flow into it, whereas in hypertonic solutions the cell will shrink by drawing water out of it.
What is hypertonic solution ?Hypertonic solution contain dissolved particles like salt and electrolytes. Osmosis is a process where solvent moves from less concentrated solution to high concentrated solution through a semipermeable membrane.
When the cell placed in hypertonic solution the solvent from cell moves out due to osmosis and the cell to shrink.
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Predict what happens to cell membrane composition in the brain of a wolf living in yellowstone national park with hot summers and cool winters.
In a classic medical case study, it was written that phineas gage became emotionally labile and unable to restrain his impulsive behaviors after a severe head injury. While this account appears to have been vastly overstated, because of this story, these functions were associated with damage to which part of the brain?.
The functions are associated with damage to the frontal lobes part of the brain.
The frontal lobe is a part of the brain that controls important processes such as consciousness and communication, memory, attention, and others. In the brain, the frontal lobe is a part of the cerebral cortex. Injury to the prefrontal cortex in the frontal lobes of the brain can create dramatic personality changes in the absence of any obvious neurological impairments, as in Gage's case.
The prefrontal cortex's cardinal role is temporal organization of behavior, which is supported by the subordinate functions of short-term memory, motor attention, and inhibitory control. Gage's personality shift would be compatible with injury to the orbitofrontal cortex of his frontal lobe's ventral aspect, influencing his emotions.
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Biology and geology are two very different sciences, but biologists and geologists use scientific knowledge in the same way. These scientists both use scientific knowledge to
answer questions and solve problems affecting the natural world.
investigate the chemical composition of the Earth’s different layers.
observe and classify living organisms into groups.
explain the rituals and traditions of human cultures.
Biologists and Geologists use scientific knowledge to answer questions and solve problems affecting the natural world.
Biologists specialize in the study of living things. Geologists are considered physical scientists since they study the earth. Geology and biology are generally unconnected areas, despite the fact that they are both natural sciences, or studies that investigate the physical universe.
Scientific knowledge is what Biologists and Geologists gain from the experimental and data-gathering phases of the scientific method. Data gathering for scientific research is done in order to study and understand a phenomenon with help of which questions are answered and problems are solved.
While biology is the study of living things and rocks are not live things, geology is the study of rocks. A biologist, however, may find geologist information beneficial, and vice versa.
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What macromolecules make up membranes?
A. proteins
B. carbohydrates
C. nucleic acids
D. lipids
Answer:
Proteins.
Explanation:
The key ingredients of a cell membrane are phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrate groups which help to form the cell membrane.
the adult human brain is composed of billions of neurons and glial cells connected to one another. what are some of the challenges of succesfully grafting donor neural cells to treat brain disease?
Answer:
One challenge is finding cells that will survive and function in the recipient's brain. Another challenge is that the grafted cells must be able to integrate into the existing neural circuitry and establish appropriate connections. Additionally, the grafted cells must be able to withstand the immunological response of the host brain. Finally, the grafted cells must be able to function over the long-term in order to be clinically effective.
So how can this be solved? (Bonus answer!)
Donor cells can be grafted to treat brain diseases by replacing damaged or destroyed cells with healthy cells. This can be done with stem cells, which are cells that can develop into many different types of cells, or with specific types of cells that are needed to treat a particular disease.
What are neurons?
Neurons are cells in the nervous system that transmit information to other cells in the body. There are three types of neurons: sensory neurons, motor neurons, and interneurons.
Sensory neurons are neurons that detect stimuli from the environment and send signals to the brain.Motor neurons are neurons that send signals from the brain to the muscles, causing them to contract.Interneurons are neurons that transmit signals between other neurons.What are Glial cells?
Glial cells are cells in the nervous system that provide support and protection for neurons. There are three types of glial cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia.
Astrocytes are the most numerous type of glial cell and are responsible for providing nutrients and support to neurons.Oligodendrocytes are cells that wrap aroundaxons and provide myelin, a fatty substance that insulates axons and helps them to conduct electrical signals.Microglia are cells that protect the brain and spinal cord from infection and damage.What is the mantle composed of? *
O Magma
Lava
O Liquid metal
O Solid rock
H