Skeletal and cardiac muscle cells store calcium in extensive networks of smooth ER.
Cardiac muscles are those that build up the heart. These muscles have the ability of auto-rhythmicity. Thus means that they can perform movements on their own. Cardiac muscles are also called involuntary muscles, because they do not move according to the wish of the individual.
Smooth ER is the one that does not have ribosomes attached on its surface. It acts as a reservoir for storing the calcium ions inside the cell. These calcium ions are transported to the cell organelle by active transport and release by the signals of hormones.
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which laundry detergent removes stains more effectively?
What is the independent and dependent variable?
Enzyme-containing laundry detergents will remove stains more effectively than detergents without enzymes. Stains will be removed more successfully from clothing with homemade laundry detergent than from commercial detergents.
A variable that is independent is precisely what it sounds like. It is a stand-alone variable that is unaffected by the other variables you are attempting to assess. Age, for instance, could be an independent variable. A person's age won't alter as a result of other circumstances like what they eat, how much they attend school, or how much television they watch. In actuality, when attempting to establish a link between two variables, you are attempting to determine whether the independent variable affects the dependent variables in any way.
A dependent variable is precisely what it sounds like, just like an independent variable. It is something on which other elements depend. A test score, for instance, maybe a dependent variable because it could vary based on a number of variables, including how much you studied, how much sleep you got the night before the test, and even how hungry you were.
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The process in which nitrogen is converted into a usable form for life is called _______. a. nitrogen fixation b. photosynthesis c. greenhouse effect d. photolysis
Correct option a) Nitrogen fixation
The process in which nitrogen is converted into a usable form for life is called nitrogen fixation.The conversion of nitrogen fueloline ( N 2) into nitrates and nitrites via atmospheric, business and organic strategies is known as nitrogen fixation. Atmospheric nitrogen need to be processed, or "fixed", right into a usable shape to be taken up with the aid of using plants.
Nitrogen fixation, any herbal or business system that reasons loose nitrogen (N2), that's a fantastically inert fueloline ample in air, to mix chemically with different factors to shape more-reactive nitrogen compounds including ammonia, nitrates, or nitrites.
For nitrogen to be to be had to make proteins, DNA, and different biologically critical compounds, it need to first be transformed right into a exceptional chemical shape. The system of changing N2 into biologically to be had nitrogen is known as nitrogen fixation.
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Identify the macromolecule based on the structure.
Answer:
This macromolecule is carbohydrate
Enzymes
Read the article and use the information to answer the following questions.
Enzymes
What two components are often found as part of an enzyme?
The two components that are often found as part of an enzyme are known as apoenzyme and cofactor or prosthetic group.
What are Enzymes?Enzymes may be defined as biocatalysts that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the overall process. It may be thought that all cellular reactions and processes are mediated by enzymes.
Conjugated enzymes consist of two components. The non-protein component is known as the cofactor or prosthetic group. This component of protein is required for catalytic activity.
Elimination of this non-protein part from conjugated enzymes leaves only the proteinaceous part which is known as apoenzyme. This component of enzymes is biologically inactive.
Therefore, the two components that are often found as part of an enzyme are known as apoenzyme and cofactor or prosthetic group.
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Which of these does mRNA do in eukaryotic cells but not prokaryotic cells?
A. duplicate itself
B. cross a membrane
C. coil into a compact crystal form
D. break off some of its phosphates to release energy
In the case of prokaryotic cells, the mRNA does not need to cross a nuclear membrane. So the correct option is B.
What is prokaryotic mRNA?The kind of mRNA produced by transcription in prokaryotes is known as prokaryotic mRNA. In most cases, RNA polymerase is in charge of turning genes into mRNA molecules. Prokaryotic mRNA's primary characteristic is polycistronic, however.
As a result, a single mRNA molecule comprises a number of structural genes that are members of a certain operon. As a result, many locations for the start and termination of polypeptides exist inside the same mRNA molecule. This explains how several kinds of proteins may be made by a single bacterial mRNA molecule.
Prokaryotes also usually combine transcription and translation. While a result, bacterial mRNA translation begins as the DNA template is now being transcribed. Therefore, post-transcriptional changes to bacterial mRNA molecules are quite limited. They frequently undergo rapid ribonuclease degradation, shortening bacterial mRNA's half-life.
Therefore the correct option is B.
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True or false. only glucose can be used to produce atp via cellular respiration in animal cells.
Only glucose can be used to produce atp via cellular respiration in animal cells is false.
The primary sugar in your blood is called blood sugar, or glucose. Your body uses it as its primary source of energy, and it originates from the food you eat. All of the cells in your body receive glucose from your blood to be used as fuelIon transport, muscular contraction, nerve impulse transmission, substrate phosphorylation, and chemical synthesis are just a few of the processes that use ATP as an energy source. There is a significant need for ATP in both of these processes and others. Being a complicated organism, the body needs energy to continue operating properly. Due to the phosphate groups that connect via phosphodiester bonds, ATP is a great energy storage molecule to employ as "money."To learn more about glucose.
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When purified cytochrome oxidase is exposed to cyanide, the cyanide binds reversibly and with high affinity to the enzyme’s active site. What will be the likely outcome if mitochondria are exposed to high levels of cyanide?.
The likely outcome, if mitochondria are exposed to high levels of cyanide, will be that the cyanide will prevent the movement of electrons along the electron transport chain. The correct answer is option(c).
Cyanide inhibits cytochrome C oxidase, an essential component of the electron transport chain and a common name for Complex IV. By obstructing this complex, cyanide basically prevents the flow of electrons across the chain. As a result, no proton gradient can be produced since protons cannot be forced out of the matrix and into the intermembranous space. In the fourth protein complex, oxygen serves as the ultimate acceptor for the electrons.
The electrochemical gradient is then further strengthened when the oxygen with its extra electrons combines two hydrogen ions to form water. Without oxygen, the mitochondria would not be able to take electrons from the system, and ATP synthase would not produce ATP in the absence of a proton gradient and a flow of protons through it.
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The complete question is:
''When purified cytochrome oxidase is exposed to cyanide, the cyanide binds reversibly and with high affinity to the enzyme's active site. What will be the likely outcome if mitochondria are exposed to high levels of cyanide?
A. The cyanide will prevent the movement of electrons along the electron transport chain.
B. The cyanide will block the movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
C. The cyanide will inhibit the transfer of electrons from NADH to initiate electron transport.
D. The cyanide will prevent oxygen from reaching the mitochondrial matrix.
ou observe flocks of house sparrows (passer domesticus) and document two foraging strategies: 1) individuals (producers) search for food patches and 2) individuals (scroungers) wait for producers to find food and then feed in the patches found by the producers. the relative frequency of these strategies differs in flocks, and you observe that the scroungers have a high feeding rate (higher fitness) when they are rare in a flock and low feeding rates when they are common in a flock. this is an example of
You observe flocks of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and document two foraging strategies:
individuals (producers) search for food patches and individuals (scroungers) wait for producers to find food and then feed in the patches found by the producers.The relative frequency of these strategies differs in flocks, and you observe that the scroungers have a high feeding rate (higher fitness) when they are rare in a flock and low feeding rates when they are common in a flock. This is an example of a social-foraging strategy.
Social foragers use either a 'producer' strategy, which concerns searching for food, or a 'scrounger' strategy, which concerns joining with others for food findings. While producers depend on personal knowledge and experience, the inclination to scour as a producer is connected to being a sounder learner.
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what is one question you have about the study of life?
A good question is; What were the molecules that originated life?
What is the study of life?The study of life is referred to as biology. It is derived from two Greek words; "bios" meaning "life" and "logs" meaning "study". Thus biology is the study of life and the properties of living things.
A very good question that could be asked is; What were the molecules that originated life? This could be traced back to simple molecules such as water, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc.
A careful experiment could be designed where these molecules are subjected to conditions similar to those at the beginning of the universe in order to decipher how they joined together during the formation of the universe.
the organelles are like because ?
The enhanced capacity of the train muscle to use fatty acids as a fuel results in?
Answer:
1] decreased lactate formation
2] decreased utilization of muscle glycogen
3] sparing of blood glucose
The enhanced capacity of the train muscle to use fatty acids as a fuel results in decreased lactate formation and decreased utilization of muscle glycogen, sparing of blood glucose.
Thus, Increased endurance: When the muscle can effectively use fatty acids, which are a rich source of energy, it increases endurance.
During extended physical activity, such as endurance workouts like long-distance running or cycling, the muscle's capacity to metabolize fatty acids as a fuel source enables continued energy generation.
Glycogen preservation: By using fatty acids as fuel, the muscle can preserve its meagre glycogen reserves. The kind of glucose that is stored in muscle is called glycogen, and it is a crucial source of energy for intense workouts.
Thus, The enhanced capacity of the train muscle to use fatty acids as a fuel results in decreased lactate formation and decreased utilization of muscle glycogen, sparing of blood glucose.
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Semipermeable cell membranes are made of phospholipids that form a bilayer. What major benefit does this arrangement of the membrane provide to the cell?.
Answer:it only allows certain molecules to pass through it
Explanation:
semipermeable membrane is a type of biological synthetic, polymeric membrane that will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by osmosis
Select the statements about meiosis that are true.
Select the statements about meiosis that are true.
The daughter cells of meiosis have half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.Meiosis produces gametes.Meiosis produces four haploid cells.Meiosis produces nonidentical cells.The statements are all true
What is meiosis?The term meiosis is used in biology to mean the cell division peculiar to organisms which are involved in sexual reproduction, it helps in decreasing the number of chromosomes in the egg and sperm. For human beings, the have two sets of chromosomes. During the process of fertilizations each of the parent donates a chromosome which merge to form one
The two sets of chromosomes is referred to as diploids, one from each parent. Two rounds of division of the diploid cell gives four daughter cells called haploid. The egg and sperm are referred to as gametes and are haploids. The haploid cells produced are nonidentical
As regards the question, the information read will help to conclude that all the options are true.
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complete question
Which of the following statements is/are true about meiosis? Select all that apply.
-The daughter cells of meiosis have half as many chromosomes as the parent cell.
-Meiosis produces gametes.
-Meiosis produces four haploid cells.
-Meiosis produces nonidentical cells.
3.3. recommend four strategies in which your family can assist the environment to prevent and
or limit the effects of radiation on an individual
Protect yourself, your own circle of relatives, and your pets in a radiation emergency.Get internal or take shelter,Stay internal to lessen your publicity to radiation, and Stay tuned for in addition commands on what to do.
Because radioactive substances emerge as weaker over time, staying internal for as a minimum 24 hours can defend you and your own circle of relatives till it's far secure to depart the area. If you've got got cherished ones in schools, day cares, hospitals, nursing homes, or different centers at some point of a radiation emergency, live wherein you're! Going outdoor to get cherished ones should disclose you and them to risky stages of radiation. Learn extra approximately what to do in a radiation emergency.Radiation can have an effect on the frame in some of ways.
The fitness results rely upon the quantity of radiation absorbed via way of means of the frame (the dose), the form of radiation, and the way and for a way lengthy the individual turned into exposed.In big doses, radiation can motive severe infection or pores and skin burns.If you're injured or assume you're injured, are looking for scientific interest proper away.
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which part of the digestive system first causes chemical changes to food
Answer:
Chemical digestion begins in your mouth. As you chew, your salivary glands release saliva into your mouth. The saliva contains digestive enzymes that start off the process of chemical digestion.
Explanation:
The introductory passage discusses the importance of being able to study anme in a pure culture instead of in the consortium that exists in nature. Many bacteria exist in biofilms in nature. Based on the information in the passage and in the chapter, is it possible to create a pure culture of a species that normally exists in biofilms?.
Yes , because many species can have planktonic growth or live within a biofilm, and biofilm can contain a single species.
What exactly are biofilms and why are they crucial?A biofilm is comparable to a well-fortified cave where microorganisms hibernate. Antibiotics are blocked by the matrix's barrier. But the entrance of food and oxygen is also restricted by this protective barrier. The bacteria in the biofilm's depths will begin to starve.
There can be four effects of biofilm, generating chronic infection, the modulation of host immune response, antimicrobial drug resistance and contamination of medical devices.
So , yes it is possible.
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What monomer does shape A represent?
Which macromolecule did you build?
I want to design an experiment to see if drinking coffee makes students
score higher on tests. What is the control group
Which organelles are ONLY found in plant cells?
Select all that apply.
Vacuole
Cell Wall
Chloroplasts
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Answer:
I think it's cell wall and chloroplasts
I am a grass and a cereal grain. many food products are made with me. Some might have allergies to me. what plant am i?
Answer:
The answer is wheat.
6
Ayumi is asked to discuss with her lab partner why the land cools faster than the sea. How would she explain this?
OA
Water is attracted to itself.
OB. Water retains heat longer than other substances.
OC. Water will float when frozen.
OD. Water has a high melting point.
Reset
Next
Ayumi can she explain why the land cools faster than the sea by saying that water retains heat longer than other substances; option B.
What is the reason why land cools faster than the sea?The process of cooling and heating of a substance depends on the conducting ability of the substance.
Substances that are good conductors of heat are heated up faster and also cool down faster whereas, substances that are poor conductors of heat are heated up slowly and also cool down slowly.
Comparing the conducting ability of solids and liquids shows that solids are generally better conductors of heat than liquids.
Therefore, land is a better conductor of heat than the water in the sea.
Land will thus heat up faster and cool down faster than the sea. This implies that water will retain heat more as it is heated up more slowly
In conclusion, sea water is poorer conductor of heat than land and will retain heat more.
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Answer: The correct answer is B. Water retains heat longer than other substances.
Explanation: Confirmed correct.
How does energy from the sun fuel life on earth?
Answer:
We need vitamin D which is given by the sun. Vitamin D helps keep our skin healthy, and plants also need these vitamins to function and live their lives on a day-to-day basis. Without the sun, the earth would be a very cold rock, and everything would slowly die off.
Answer:
The sun provides us with light and solar radiation which basically makes it possible for life to exist on Earth in the first place. Trees provide us with oxygen, which we as human beings use our lungs and respiratory system to breathe. In order for there to be trees and plants they depend on the sun which allows them to grow and create food for themselves. Not just humans, but animals as well does the sun provide for. Sunlight, the energy from the sun, sustains the process of life.
Explanation:
Baby food manufacturers sometimes use proteases in their products. Proteases function by catalyzing the breakdown of protein, making digestion easier for babies. What type of molecule are proteases?.
If proteases function by catalyzing the breakdown of protein, making digestion easier for babies, then they are enzymes.
What are enzymes?Enzymes are proteins that function to catalyze chemical reactions in biological systems by lowering the required activation energy to carry out these functions. These proteins (enzymes) contain an active site domain that binds to the particular substrate molecule (in this case protease enzymes bind to specific domains in proteins to catalyze breakdown).
In conclusion, if proteases function by catalyzing the breakdown of protein, making digestion easier for babies, then they are enzymes.
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X inactivation occurs early in ______ embryonic development and prevents ______ of every gene on the x chromosome
X inactivation occurs early in female embryonic development and prevents a double dose of every gene on the X chromosome.
What is X inactivation?The expression 'X inactivation' makes reference to an epigenetic phenomenon in which an X chromosome in female zygotes is inactivated during the first stages of development, which prevent double doses of genes that may be harmful to development during these first stages of development.
In conclusion, X inactivation occurs early in female embryonic development and prevents a double dose of every gene on the X chromosome.
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4. Which describes the effects of population increase
and resource depletion?
A. increased competition
B. increased emigration
C. exponential population growth
D. straight-line population growth
Answer:
a
Explanation:
due to more organisms entering the environment they'll be less resources and more competition
What is the name for amount of energy that a reaction needs to get started?
The amount of energy that a reaction needs to get started is activation energy and is used by the substrate to form products.
The enzymes are the biocatalysts that are required to increase the rate of reaction because they help in the lowering of the threshold or minimum energy which is called activation energy which is used by the substrate to form the products and if that activation energy is very high that cannot be passed by the substrate then
enzymes help to reduce it by joining with the substrate so activation energy is the amount of energy required by a reaction or substrate to get started and this energy is measured in the joules per minute, kilojoules per mole and kilocalories per mole and activation energy is calculated using k = Ae -Ea / RT where k is rate constant, A is the pre-exponential factor, Ea is activation energy and it has the same unit as R*T, R is the universal gas constant and T is the absolute temperature in kelvins and the example of activation energy is turning the key which causes the spark which activates the burning of gasoline in the engine.
The enzyme which has the maximum capacity of lowering the activation energy and increasing the maximum rate of reaction is known as carbonic anhydrase enzyme forming almost 6000 products per second.
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The cell membrane of an animal cell was damaged, preventing the cell from performing one of its functions. Which cell function would be lost, and how would this loss affect the cell?.
The cell membrane of an animal cell was damaged, preventing the cell from performing one of its functions. The function controlling the exit and entry of material from the cell would be lost and the cell would eventually die.
The cell membrane works as a screen to keep the cell separate from the outer system. Its function is to only allow the required substance into the cell. It is made up of lipids and proteins.
If it is damaged then every substance and molecule will start to enter or leave the cell. There would be no selection which would result in the loss of all the functional properties of the cell.
When there is a damage to the parts of the cell and it fails to perform the necessary functions, it will die eventually.
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Which letter indicates the collagen fibers of the periosteum known as the perforating, or sharpey's, fibers?
The letter C indicates the collagen fibers of the periosteum which are known as the perforating or Sharpey's fibers.
Sharpey's fibers or the perforating fibers includes a matrix of connective tissue comprising of bundles of sturdy predominately Type I collagen fibers which connect periosteum to bone.
Periosteum refers to the membrane of blood vessels and nerves which cover most of the bones in the body. It provides blood supply to the bones and is also associated with the growth as well as repair of bones.
The question is incomplete. The complete question is:-
Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.
7) Which letter indicates the collagen fibers of the periosteum known as the perforating, or Sharpey's, fibers?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) D
E) E
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if you have a group of individuals that are all clones or each other (i.e. all individuals are genetically identical), but all individuals are phenotypically different, what is the estimated heritability
The estimated heritability by comparing individual phenotypic variation among related individuals in a population
Individual phenotypic variance across related individuals in a population is compared to assess heritability, as is the relationship between individual phenotype and genetic information, or even the modelling of summary-level data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).Historically, twin studies have been used to estimate heritability. Fraternal twins typically share 50% of their DNA, compared to identical twins, who have essentially no genetic differences. When identical twins and fraternal twins are raised together in the same environment and a trait between them appears to be more similar, genetic factors most likely play a significant part in defining that feature. Researchers can measure a characteristic's heritability by comparing identical twins to fraternal twins for that trait.To learn more about heritability.
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1. What would happen if a population were
to exceed its carrying capacity?
a. More organisms of that species
will be born.
b. The death rate of the population
will rise.
c. The predators of this population
will decrease.
d.
Immigration of more organisms of
that species will take place.
If a population were to exceed its carrying capacity The death rate of the population will rise.
The correct option is B.
What is death rate?A mortality rate is a measurement of how frequently people die within a given population during a certain period of time. The choice of measuring disease or death depends on whether you want to use morbidity or mortality metrics, which are frequently mathematically equivalent.
How is the death rate calculated?A crude date rate is calculated by dividing the total number of deaths among residents of a given geographic area (a nation, state, county, etc.) by the total population for the same geographic area (for a given time period, typically a calendar year), then multiplying that result by 100,000.
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