Starting with one double-stranded DNA molecule, 7 cycles of PCR would you have to perform to produce about 100 double-stranded copies (assuming 100 efficiency per cycle).
PCR Product = [tex]2^{n}[/tex]
n= Number of Cycle
PCR- Its basic idea is based on the replication of certain DNA sequences in-vitro using DNA polymerase. This technique may produce tens of billions of copies of a specific DNA fragment from a DNA extract (the sequence of interest, DNA of interest, or target DNA) (DNA template).
DNA- The molecule found inside cells that carries the genetic material necessary for an organism to grow and operate. This knowledge may be handed forward from one generations to the next thanks to DNA molecules.
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Make an estimate for the optimum sustainable population size for the earth and justify your answer
Answer:
0 people are menaces. On a real note there isn't really a set number that can be controlled because over time our population will grow its just a matter of at what pace. If there was a child control rate (every couple can have up to 2 kids) this wouldn't create a grow in population. (as long as people followed it) the point is there is no number that would be sustainable for our earth because it would be ever changing
Explanation:
Yes. The globe is overpopulated and beyond it's carrying capacity.
Resources, technology, and environmental effect must be considered when determining the world's sustainable population size. A habitat's carrying capacity is its maximum population over time.
Global population surpasses Earth's capacity to sustainably support it. The world cannot support 10 billion people by 2050 at the present population growth rate. Understanding several aspects makes determining the world's sustainable population size challenging. Researchers say the world can hold 4–16 billion people.
Consumption, technology, and environmental effect affect this. Additionally, population growth has environmental impacts. Overpopulation causes deforestation, water shortages, climate change, and biodiversity loss.
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Your question is incomplete but your full question was:
Has the world gone beyond its carrying capacity?
Are we overpopulated?
Determining the optimum sustainable population size for the earth justify your answer
How can the Swartz process be modified to work for bacteria? Explain
Answer:
Explanation: Alkyl chlorides and alkyl bromides are typically transformed into alkyl fluorides in the organic reaction known as the Swarts Reaction.
Swartz reaction?
Frederick Jean Edmond Swarts first reported this procedure in 1892. Heating the alkyl chloride or alkyl bromide in the presence of heavy metal fluorides like AGF, Hg2F2, CoF2, or SbF3 causes this reaction.
Swartz process can be used to modify work for bacteria. Bacterial biofilms are collections of microorganisms where the cells are immersed in an extracellular polymeric matrix that the bacteria have self-produced.
In contrast to planktonic bacteria, which are in a state of free movement in a bulk solution, this situation is very different.
Applications:
In this process, alkyl fluorides are created.
Fluorinated aliphatic organic molecules, or Freons, are produced via a different variation of the same process.
Anhydrous hydrogen fluoride is fluorinated to produce Freons in the presence of antimony salts, which exhibit the oxidation states +3 and +5.
Therefore, Alkyl chlorides and alkyl bromides are typically transformed into alkyl fluorides in the organic reaction known as the Swarts Reaction.
What macromolecule did you not build?
What are its monomers?
The macromolecules are made up of subunits called monomers. Many monomers are linked together and form a macromolecule.
What are monomers?
Monomer is a building block of polymer. The building block of carbohydrates is Monosaccharides. Lipids are made up of fatty acids. Proteins are made up of monomers of amino acid.
Many polymers are broken down into monomers by hydrolysis. Proteins are the building block of body. Lipids stored in the form of fats.
Carbohydrates provide energy to the body.
Therefore, The macromolecules are made up of subunits called monomers. Many monomers are linked together and form a macromolecule.
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Why do do we eat? QER
need long answers
Answer: HOPE THIS IS GOOD
Explanation:Why do we eat?
we eat because food gives us the nutrition we need to go throughout the day and we need energy so we can live and have fun! but then again if we don't eat the right foods then that can also affect us in bad ways. so we should always to keep a balanced diet.
overall we eat to satisfy our hunger as well and to have energy for throughout the day
Match the following terms with their definitions.
Definitions:
Type of transport that requires energy for pumps to transport things across the cell membrane
Type of transport across cell membranes that forms a vacuole to engulf particles
Type of transport across the cell membrane that does not require any energy
Vacuoles with waste fuse with the cell membrane to dump contents.
Type of transport across the cell membrane that does not require any additional energy, but does require a larger channel
Terms:
Active Transport
Endocytosis
Diffusion
Exocytosis
Facilitated diffusion
What is the highest value for longitude
There is no fixed standard for determining the highest longitude. Different people have different ideas of what that should be. But the Earth’s highest longitude is believed to be 90°E (east) in the Arctic.
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I hope this helps! Sorry if it doesn't!
Have a great day and God bless! :)
An unknown cell type contains a nucleus, cytoplasm, and centrioles. other internal structures may be present. which type of cell might this be?
Answer: Animal
Explanation:
In a seismograph, which part is directly attached to the earth?
[tex]{ \qquad\qquad\huge\underline{{\sf Answer}}} [/tex]
In a seismograph, The other components like weight pen and spring are sunspended in air, where as the rotating drum is directly attached to the group, which allows movement on ground to move the drum as well, making graph of the quake.
In a seismograph, drum is the part which is directly attached to the earth.
What part of the seismometer is attached to the ground?
The motion between the weight and the frame provides a measurement of the motion of the earth. A rotating drum is attached to the frame of the recording device and a pen is also attached to the weight which causes recording of ground motion in a seismogram. Any movement from the earth moves the frame which make a graph that shows the intensity of earthquake on the scale. A seismograph is also known as seismometer which is an instrument that is used to detect and record earthquakes.
So we can conclude that In a seismograph, drum is the part which is directly attached to the earth.
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The body performs many processes that depend upon energy and could not occur without a supply of atp. How does the energy from atp power the cellular reactions?.
The body performs many processes that depend upon energy and could not occur without a supply of ATP. ATP powers cellular reactions by y transferring a phosphate group to another molecule in a process known as phosphorylation.
ATP also known as adenosine triphosphate is a molecule that is found in the cells of living organisms. ATP releases energy to start the different cellular processes. It itself stores energy from the breakdown of food.
It does not exactly store the energy but acts as a way of transport to deliver energy where it is required within the cell.
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The image below shows part of a plant root.
The plant root is adapted for absorbing water from the soil.
Use information from the diagram to explain how this plant root is adapted for
absorbing water.
Answer:
Plants absorb water from the soil by osmosis. Root hair cells are adapted for this by having a large surface area to speed up osmosis.
Explanation:
Which period represents the last 2 million years of geologic time?
Explain why both magnification and resolution are important in order to see a microscopic organism.
Magnification and resolution are crucial since the former enlarges the image while the latter gives it structure and detail, producing the ideal picture.
Why is resolution important in microscopy?Many microscopists do not try to obtain the maximum picture resolution that is feasible with their tools when doing daily routine observations. The most crucial aspect of the optical system of a microscope is its resolving power, which affects the capacity to discern between minute features of a given specimen.
The objective numerical aperture is the main factor in determining resolution, but resolution is also influenced by the type of specimen, coherence of illumination, degree of aberration correction, and other factors like contrast-enhancing techniques in the microscope's optical system or in the specimen itself.
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Saturated and unsaturated fats differ from each other in what important structural way?.
Saturated fats have single bonds between Carbon but unsaturated have either double or triple bond between Carbon
What makes unsaturated oil healthy?Unsaturated fats, which are liquid at room temperature, are regarded as healthy fats because they can lower blood cholesterol levels, reduce inflammation, maintain healthy cardiac rhythms, among other positive effects.
Because of sigma bonds saturated have higher melting point and that is why at room temperature they exist in the solid state. For example ghee . Unsaturated fatty acids have lower melting point that is why they exist as liquid . For example oil.
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What is a solute?
O a relative quantity of molecules in a given space
O a substance that dissolves a solvent
O a substance that is dissolved in a solution O a mixture of a solvent and a solution
Of all the different types of dietary lipids, research shows that decreasing the intake of ______ has the most significant effect on lowering blood levels of ldl.
Of all the different types of dietary lipids, research shows that decreasing the intake of saturated fatty acids has the most significant effect on lowering blood levels of LDL.
Cholesterol is a steroid lipid that can be found in the cell membrane and is used in making steroid hormones. It is carried or transported around the body by substances called lipoproteins. There are two types of lipoproteins, HDL (High Density Lipoprotein) or the 'good cholesterol' and LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) or the 'bad' cholesterol. Excess levels of LDL in the blood increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
Saturated fatty acid occurs naturally in cheese, butter, milk, beef, pork, palm oil and coconut oil. A large number of observational research and studies show that lowering the intake of saturated fatty acids has the most significant effect on lowering LDL levels in the blood. Studies also show that saturated fatty acids prevent LDL from being cleared or absorbed in the liver, leading to an increase in LDL in the blood. Hence, reducing one's intake of saturated fatty acids lowers the blood levels of LDL.
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What we expect in terms of
temperature and precipitation
over the long term is known as
what?
A. Climate
B. Biodiversity
C. Meteorology
D. Weather
Which plasma membrane component can be either found on the surface or embedded in the plasma membrane itself?
The peripheral proteins of the plasma membrane can either be found on the surface or embedded in the plasma membrane itself.
What are peripheral proteins?The second most important constituent of plasma membranes is protein. Membrane proteins fall into two basic categories: integral and peripheral.
On both the inside and outside of membranes, peripheral membrane proteins can be found, often bound to phospholipids or integral proteins. Peripheral membrane proteins are often more loosely linked than integral membrane proteins because they do not adhere to the hydrophobic center of the membrane.
Therefore, the proteins of the plasma membrane can either be found on the surface or embedded in the plasma membrane itself are peripheral proteins.
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8 miles to meters. Biology Question
Answer:
1 miles 100m
Explanation:
8×100m=800m
Consider one of the procedures where amylase and starch are reacting. If there is strong amylase activity and it is breaking down starch, then you would assign an enzyme activity level of ________.
Consider one of the procedures where amylase and starch are reacting. If there is strong amylase activity and it is breaking down starch, then you would assign an enzyme activity level of A) 3.
Enzymes can be described as biological catalysts that help in reducing the activation energy of a reaction thus increasing the rate of a reaction.
Amylases can be described as enzymes that break down starch into simpler and smaller carbohydrates.
There are different levels through which the activity of an enzyme is analyzed. These degrees are
no enzyme activity ------- level 0
low enzyme activity ------ level 1
moderate enzyme activity -------- level 2
high enzyme activity ------ level 3
In the case above, as there is strong amylase activity due to which the breaking down of starch is occurring rapidly, then for such a reaction the enzyme activity level will be 3 i.e high enzyme activity.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Consider one of the procedures where amylase and starch are reacting. If there is strong amylase activity and it is breaking down starch, then you would assign an enzyme activity level of
A) 3
B) 55
C) 0
D) 37
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Why might it be beneficial for governments to restrict the type of plants and animals that individuals could keep as pets in a particular environment
Therefore, it might be beneficial to limit people's rights to possess exotic species in order to protect the local environment for everyone.
Briefing:Many exotic pet species have the potential to become invasive and cause significant harm to the local ecology if they escape or are released into the environment.
What is environment ?The environment provides us with countless advantages that we can never fully repay. because they are connected to the forest's trees, animals, water, and air. The forest and trees filter the air and take in dangerous substances. In addition to many other functions, plants filter water, reduce the chance of flooding, and maintain the natural equilibrium.
What is importance of environment?Earth is home to many different living beings, and we all rely on it for necessities like food, air, and water. Therefore, it is imperative that each individual protect and preserve our ecosystem.
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following is a cost benefit analysis regarding the removal of arsenic ( a poison) in water. Consider the costs and benefits, chose a side and explain why you chose the side that you did.
cost: this requires a vast array of treatment technologies with detailed specifications. it will cost companies $60-70 million dollars to implement the changes. the companies will raise the price of their product drastically to counteract their expenses, making every day items more expensive for you.
benefits: millions of dollars will be saved on potential health problems. Associated bladder and lung cancer instances will drop. this will lower the environmental impact on the ecosystem
Considering the costs and benefits, it is best to remove arsenic from the water, as the savings in population health and quality of life are greater than the cost of this operation.
What can arsenic do to health?Prolonged exposure to arsenic in water and food can cause cancer, skin damage, developmental problems, heart disease, diabetes, and damage to the nervous system.
How to get arsenic out of water?Currently, the most commonly used process to remove arsenic is to run potable water over the activated alumina (aluminum oxide) surface on which the arsenic is adsorbed. Reverse osmosis can also be used for arsenic removal.
With this information, we can conclude that arsenic It can be absorbed orally and through the airways, its lethal dose is 0.07g/kg, bioaccumulative, practically all arsenic compounds are toxic to the human body. Its acute or chronic exposure and concentration are often monitored by urine tests.
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the type of dating that establishes a sequence for the artifacts and fossils found at a site, but that does not establish a specific age for these items, is called
The type of dating that establishes a sequence for the artifacts and fossils found at a site, but that does not establish a specific age for these items, is called relative dating.
Archaeologists employ absolute dating to determine an object's precise age. Absolute dating techniques take measurements of an object's physical characteristics and utilise the results to determine its age. Radiocarbon dating is one of the best absolute dating techniques for archaeologists.Chronometric and relative dating methods are the two major categories in archaeology. Chronometric dating methods give an exact chronological date or range for a historical event.Simply said, a fossil is a piece of an extinct organism, whether it be an animal or a plant. On the other hand, an artefact is a priceless archaeological object that was discovered underground or somewhere. Artifacts hold great cultural significance. Fossils have significant historical and scientific value.To learn more about Artifacts.
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What was Aristotle responsible for?
A. Scientific method
B. Calculus
C. pendulum clocks
D. Ship Shaker
Explanation:
made pioneering contributions to all fields of philosophy and science, he invented the field of formal logic, and he identified the various scientific disciplines and explored their relationships to each other. Aristotle was also a teacher and founded his own school in Athens, known as the Lyceum
How do you link these together?
Answer:
Frequency: Are events occurring more often than they did in the past?
Intensity: Are events getting more severe, with the potential for more damaging effects?
Duration: Are events lasting longer than "the norm"?
Timing: Are events occurring earlier or later in the season or the year than they used to? Extreme weather is typically rare. But climate change is increasing the odds of more extreme weather events taking place.
Explanation:
The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of:_____.
The physical process by which water and solute move through a membrane when a hydrostatic pressure gradient exists across the membrane is the process of Osmosis.Osmosis takes place in keeping with the awareness gradient of water throughout the membrane, that is inversely proportional to the awareness of solutes.
Water actions throughout mobileular membranes through diffusion, in a procedure referred to as osmosis. Osmosis refers specially to the motion of water throughout a semipermeable membrane, with the solvent (water, for example) transferring from a place of low solute (dissolved fabric) awareness to a place of excessive solute awareness.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water via a semipermeable membrane in keeping with the awareness gradient of water throughout the membrane. Whereas diffusion transports fabric throughout membranes and inside cells, osmosis transports best water throughout a membrane and the membrane limits the diffusion of solutes withinside the water.
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Which of the following levels of
organization would INCLUDE EXACTLY two
of the other levels?
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ system
Mechanical stress on weight-bearing bones plays a large part in bone remodeling. What single factor plays the largest role in maintaining adequate bone strength?.
Mechanical stress on weight-bearing bones plays a large part in bone remodeling. Gravity is the single factor that plays the largest role in maintaining adequate bone strength.
It is the function of gravity to provide mechanical stress or load to the bones. It is the result of this mechanical stress that bones get the specific density that is required for support.
It is due to this reason that astronauts tend to exercise regularly in space so that their bone density can be maintained.
If bone density is not maintained by gravity, then bones can lose their strength, and hence a body will difficulty in support and movement.
Bones have the ability to reshape and remodel themselves. Hence, constant stress shall be applied to them for their strengthening. Gravity acts as a single factor that is continuous in applying stress to the bones.
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Which nucleic acid is pictured on the right?
Answer:
Single strand RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Explanation:
RNA is a nucleic acid present in all living cells that has structural similarities to DNA. Unlike DNA, however, RNA is most often single-stranded. An RNA molecule has a backbone made of alternating phosphate groups and the sugar ribose, rather than the deoxyribose found in DNA.
please can you help me on this question
Fill in the missing word. In plants, __________ is used to strengthen the cell wall.
Please help!!
Describe the nitrogen cycle.
Answer:
The nitrogen cycle is the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes.
Answer: biogeochemical cycle
Explanation: nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among atmospheric terrestrial, and marine ecosystems. The conversion of nitrogen can be carried out through both biological and physical processes.