The proteins that establish ionic gradients are called:____.
a. passive transporters.
b. active transporters.
c. voltage-gated ion channels.
d. ligand-gated ion channels.
e. permeability transition pores.

Answers

Answer 1

The proteins that establish ionic gradients are called active transporters.

So, option (a) is correct.

An example of a transport protein is a channel protein, which functions as a pore in the membrane to allow water molecules or tiny ions to pass through fast. Although they can also undertake passive transport, carrier proteins can perform active transport. For instance, valinomycin passively moves potassium down its gradient of concentration. Because it is extremely selective and solely transports potassium ions, it is utilised in place of a channel.The sodium potassium pump is a prime illustration of a carrier protein. Three sodium ions are removed from the cell and two potassium ions are brought into the cell using this carrier protein and ATP.

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Related Questions

Give an example of a scientific question that could be investigated with an experiment. Then give an example of a question that could not be investigated

Answers

Some Scientific things needs investigation while others don't require.

What is meant by Scientific ?

Something that is scientific is defined as being related to science, done in a systematic manner, or based on natural science.

The study of astronomy is one instance of a scientific research. Using precise measurements for a construction job is an illustration of scientific methodology.

"At what temperature does iron melt" is an illustration of a scientific inquiry that can be researched by experiments.

Experiments are a quick and easy way to test theories in physics and chemistry.

How does neuron activation result in us having the impression of free will is an example of a scientific subject that (in my opinion) cannot be examined using an experiment.

More basic inquiries about the human mind are harder to evaluate with experiments; they require models instead.

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as part of a blood drive on campus for the american red cross, you and your friends have just donated 500 ml of blood. you are now relaxing at the student lounge, waiting for a

Answers

The 500 ml decrease in blood volume most likely affected your cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume in such a way that there is no change in cardiac output, increased heart rate, decreased stroke volume.

What is cardiac output?

The method via which blood circulates throughout the body, particularly supplying the brain and other vital organs with blood flow, is known as cardiac output (CO), or the volume of blood the heart pumps each minute. For instance, when exercising, the body's need for oxygen varies, and cardiac output is impacted by changes in both heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV). As a result, the complex mechanism that regulates cardiac output involves the autonomic nervous system, endocrine, and paracrine signaling pathways.

As mentioned in question, As part of a blood drive on campus for the American Red Cross, you and your friends have donated 500 ml of blood. You are now relaxing at the student area, waiting for A&P lab to begin. Unfortunately, even though you are feeling thirsty, you haven't bothered to buy yourself any drink. Other than a little soreness of the skin and tissue around your median cubital vein, you are feeling fine. The 500 ml decrease in blood volume most likely affected your cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume in such a way that there is no change in cardiac output, increased heart rate, decreased stroke volume.

Complete question

You and your pals recently gave 500 ml of blood to the American Red Cross as part of a blood drive on campus. As you wait for the A&P lab to start, you are currently unwinding in the student lounge. Sadly, despite the fact that you are thirsty, you haven't bothered to buy a drink for yourself. You feel well, save from a little discomfort of the skin and tissue surrounding your median cubital vein. How has a 500 ml drop in blood volume most likely changed your heart rate, stroke volume, and cardiac output?

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I am making a dating profile for the organelle, Cilia, and I need a pick-up line and a hashtag. Please help!!

Answers

Answer:

Are you dynein, because you are making me move in a unique way

#alwaysmoving

You start with 100 units of protein activity and 100 grams of total protein. After the first centrifugation step, you have 15% less activity and 80% less total protein. What is your fold-purification of the target protein?.

Answers

We have 4.25 fold-purification of target protein.

Protein purification is a set of procedures designed to separate one or more proteins from a complicated mixture, often cells, organs, or whole organisms. Protein purification is essential for determining the function, structure, and relationships of a protein of interest. The number of times a protein preparation is enriched for the protein being purified is referred to as fold purification. If a protein concentration is 2nM before purification and 20nM after purification, the fold purification is twenty-fold.

Initial protein activity = 100 units

% change in protein activity = 15%

Final protein activity = 85%

Initial total protein = 100 grams

% change in total protein =80%

Final total protein = 20%

Fold purification = final protein activity / total protein

=85/20

= 4.25

Therefore, we have 4.25 fold-purification of target protein

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List features shared by plants and charophytes that are not shared with most other eukaryotes

Answers

The features which are shared by plants and charophytes that are not shared with most other eukaryotes include:

ChloroplastCellulose structure.

What is a Chlorophyll?

This is referred to as a type of pigment which is green in color and is found and housed in the organelle known as chloroplast. It also traps the solar energy from the Sun which is required for photosynthetic activities and making of food by them.

Plants and charophytes have shared characteristics such as the presence of chlorophyll a and b and a cellulose structure which makes them rigid which makes them different from other eukaryotes.

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Consider one of the procedures where amylase and starch are reacting. If there is strong amylase activity and it is breaking down starch, then you would assign an enzyme activity level of ________.

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Consider one of the procedures where amylase and starch are reacting. If there is strong amylase activity and it is breaking down starch, then you would assign an enzyme activity level of 3.

We can describe enzymes as biological catalysts that are actively involved in speeding up a reaction by lowering its activation energy. Amylase is also an enzyme whose function is to break starch into smaller carbohydrates.

The activity level of an enzyme depends on the conditions that are provided to an enzyme. The levels of enzyme activity can be categorized into:

no enzyme activity ------- level 0

low enzyme activity ------ level 1

moderate enzyme activity -------- level 2

high enzyme activity ------ level 3

In the scenario above, the activity of the enzyme amylase is strong as it is actively involved in breaking down starch. This means that the enzyme is working at optimal conditions and has high enzyme activity so the activity level will be 3.

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four characteristic that exchange surfaces have in common

Answers

mitochondria is the answer!

A rural area was cleared down to bare rock for constructing a road, but the road was never built. The area began to regrow. Which organisms most likely reappeared first?.

Answers

Answer: lichens and mosses

Explanation:

If zebras and horses do not usually mate in nature, should people intentionally cross them? Why or why not?

Answers

Answer: yes they often do intentionally sometimes

Explanation:

to produce a new breed with new characters.

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY 40 PTS EACH

the small intestine is a digestive organ that is responsible for absorption of nutrients during the digestion process. It contains tissue that is only one cell thick, and readily divides . These also tend to have a larger surface area. these qualities make it easy for substances to be absorbed.

Based on the passage above, which type of tissue will be found lining the small intestine?

-Muscle
-Epithelial
-connective
-nervous

Answers

The type of the tissue found in the lining of the small intestine will be epithelial tissue.

Small intestine is the organ of the digestive system. It is a long tube like structure that is fitted to a a small space all intertwined in itself. The function of the small intestine is to perform the digestion of foods and also aids in its absorption.

Epithelial tissue is the one present on the outer layer of the skin and in the internal lining of the organs. It is made up of a single layer of cells. This is to mediate the transport and secretion of substances from their membrane.

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Answer: Epithelial

Explanation:

All of the following influence tides except A. The sun B. The moon C. The air temperature and D. The rotation of the earth

Answers

Answer:

C . the air temperature

Explanation:

i know for a fact that the moon does .  the sun affects it twice as much as the moon . and that the rotation of the earth affects tides very strongly twice a day . and i couldnt find anything for air temperature so thats gotta be it . hope this helps .

If an individual were unable to produce sebum, what problem would he or she most likely develop?

Answers

If an individual were unable to produce sebum, the problem that he or she would most likely develop is he or she would have brittle, more easily broken hair and is denoted as option A.

What is Sebum?

This is referred to an oily and waxy substance which is produced by the sebaceous gland in the skin and are responsible for ensuring that the skin is very hydrated.

This substance is made up of mostly lipids and it also ensures that the skin has a protective coating thereby protecting it from foreign bodies such as pathogens , dust etc.

The inability of an individual to produce it means that the hair being brittle and easily broken will result in this type of condition. This is therefore the reason why option A was chosen as the most appropriate choice.

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The options are:

A. He or she would have brittle, more easily broken hair.

B. He or she would be unable to make keratin.

C. He or she would have excessively oily skin.

D. He or she would be less likely to get sunburns.

what is the correct order of steps in a gram staining procedure? 1. iodine is added as a fixative or mordant. 2. the specimen is treated with a stain such as safranin or fuchsin (a pink stain). 3. the specimen is flushed with alcohol to dehydrate peptidoglycans and trap the stain. 4. the specimen is treated with a stain called crystal violet.

Answers

The correct order of steps in a gram staining procedure is:

(4) the specimen is treated with a stain called crystal violet.

(1) iodine is added as a fixative or mordant.

(3) the specimen is flushed with alcohol to dehydrate peptidoglycans and trap the stain.

(2) the specimen is treated with a stain such as safranin or fuchsin (a pink stain)

Gram staining is a common staining technique which helps to classify the bacteria into two categories: Gram positive and Gram negative. Gram positive bacteria appear violet in color and Gram negative bacteria appear to be pink. This color difference appears due to the difference in the bacterial cell walls.

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which sentence is an example of how a scientist might use a model?a microscope is used to magnify a group of cells on a slide.a microscope is used to magnify a group of cells on a slide.the end of a slinky is moved vertically up and down to simulate a wave.the end of a slinky is moved vertically up and down to simulate a wave.a wrench is used to tighten a nut onto a piece of wood.a wrench is used to tighten a nut onto a piece of wood.a stopwatch is used to time the rate of a chemical reaction.a stopwatch is used to time the rate of a chemical reaction.

Answers

Correct answer is B. The proper response is choice To create the illusion of a wave, the end of a slinky is moved vertically up and down to simulate a wave.

A scientific model is a visual representation of concepts or a reality that cannot be directly experienced. One cannot actually perceive the waves' motion. So, to illustrate the nature of waves, a scientist or somebody uses a slinky that is vertically raised and lowered.

What is the motion of waves?

A disturbance that moves across the medium is called a wave motion. Simple harmonic motion is executed by the wave's particles around the mean location as it moves through the medium. Both kinetic and potential energy will be present in the medium's vibrating particles.

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why is it easier/ faster for our body to digest candy than pasta? candy contains disaccharides and thus contains more substrate and needs more enzyme to digest. pasta contains glycogen and thus contains more substrate and needs more enzyme to digest. candy contains monosaccharides and thus contains more substrate and needs more enzyme to digest. pasta contains starch and thus contains more substrate and needs more enzyme to digest.

Answers

Pasta contains starch and thus contains more substrate and needs more enzyme to digest.

What is starch ?

A polymeric carbohydrate called starch, also known as amylum, is made up of a lot of glucose units connected by glycosidic linkages. The majority of green plants synthesize this polysaccharide as a form of energy storage. It is the most prevalent type of carbohydrate consumed by people worldwide and is present in significant proportions in common foods like wheat, potatoes, maize (corn), rice, and cassava (manioc).

Pure starch is a powder that is white, odorless, tasteless, and insoluble in alcohol or cold water. It is made up of the branching amylopectin and the linear and helical amylose molecules. Starch typically comprises 20 to 25% amylose and 75 to 80% amylopectin by weight, depending on the plant. Animals store their energy in glycogen, which is a more intricately branched form of amylopectin.

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Under which set of circumstances would the diameter of peripheral blood vessels be the greatest?

Answers

Decreased sympathetic stimulation set of circumstances would the diameter of peripheral blood vessels be the greatest.

What is peripheral blood?

The liquid that passes through your heart, arteries, capillary, and veins is known as peripheral blood. Transporting oxygen and various nutrients to your body's cells and tissues as well as removing carbon dioxide and other products from the body are its two main functions.

Why is it necessary to test peripheral blood?

Healthcare professionals can check your red, white, and platelet blood cells with a peripheral smear test. They can clearly see any abnormalities in your platelets and blood cells that might be an indication of disease thanks to this test. A smear of peripheral blood test is crucial for illness diagnosis.

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When people are faced with stressful situations, an array of symptoms get triggered including an increase in stress hormones, increased heartbeats, raised blood sugar level, and sweating and tensing of muscles. These symptoms are part of the “fight or flight” response. - Which part of the nervous system gets activated during such stressful situations?


A. Sympathetic nervous system

B. Parasympathetic nervous system

C. Both sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

D. First the parasympathetic followed by the sympathetic nervous system

E. The “fight or flight” response is controlled by the endocrine system only.

Answers

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a major pathway activated by stress. The Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is a part of ANS which contributes to the stress hormone secretion. Thus, A is the correct option.

What is Stress Hormone?

Stress Hormone is also known as the hormone of fight or flight. Adrenaline also known as epinephrine is the stress hormone. This hormone is secreted from the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS).

The hormone controls various physiological reactions like heartbeat, blood flow, blood sugar level, sweating, and muscle tension. It is secreted in response to attack, exciting condition or threat to survival.

Adrenaline hormone is secreted by the activation of Sympathetic Nervous System. Therefore, A is the correct option.

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Which of the following best predicts what biome will be present in an area?

Answers

A biome is a sizable region distinguished by its flora, fauna, soil, and climate. Temperature and precipitation will be present in biome in an area.

What is biome?

A biome is a sizable region distinguished by its flora, fauna, soil, and climate.

Aquatic, grassland, forest, desert, and tundra biomes are the five main types, while some of these can be further broken down into more specialized groups.

Due to various elements, such as water and temperature change, which prevent other biomes from being more stable, the marine biome is the most stable. Since oceans don't have "seasons," there is always a supply of water, and temperature changes are often small.

Precipitation and temperature predicts the biome will be present in an area.

Therefore, A biome is a sizable region distinguished by its flora, fauna, soil, and climate. Temperature and precipitation will be present in biome in an area.

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Arturo takes a leaf cutting from a plant and puts in a pot of soil. The leaf grows into a new plant that is genetically identical to the original plant. This is an example of which type of reproduction

Answers

If Arturo takes a leaf cut from a plant and puts it in a pot of soil to generate a new plant which is genetically identical to the original plant, then it represents an example of asexual reproduction.

What is asexual reproduction?

Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves the formation of a new organism from a somatic cell in a multicellular organism such as occurs in plant vegetative propagation. This type of reproduction does not involve the generation of genetic variability.

In conclusion, asexual reproduction leads to the generation of genetically identical organisms and it may be achieved by taking a leaf cutting from a plant and putting it in a pot of soil.

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Why do you think the bones of the lower limbs are thicker than the bones of the upper limbs?​

Answers

Answer:

Because the bones of the lower limbs have to be able to support the entire weight of the body

Explanation:

Hope this helps :)

Which of the combination of atoms or elements below represents Nucleic Acid.
A. C H O
B. C H O N
C. C H O N P
D. None of the above

Answers

The answer is C, nucleic acids contain CHONP; Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus

Wheat produces starch and cellulose, both of which are polysaccharides. While we rely on one for energy, we cannot digest the other. What causes such a physiological difference in digestion?.

Answers

Our bodies have the capacity to break the bonds that hold the various glucose molecules together.

Where do glucose molecules reside?

Glucose is a member of the carbohydrate family. It is the most significant source of energy for all living things on Earth and is a monosaccharide (simple sugar). It is abundantly present in plants, fruit (especially berries), and honey.

What role does a glucose molecule have in the body?

The glucose molecule's main function is to serve as a fuel or source of energy. Glucose is used by both plants and animals as a liquid, widely dispersed source of chemical energy that may be "burnt" in the mitochondria and cytoplasm to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy.

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Embryology is the study of the development of an , which is a fertilized egg attached to the wall of the mother's uterus.
I know I copied and pasted this but I’m time on a unit test!! Please help!

Answers

Answer: true

Explanation:

HELP ASAP
why is the crust of earth located above the mantle?

Answers

Answer:

C.....the crust is less dense than the mantle

What is the most significant limitation that Carl Schurz's work has as a resource for a historian?
A. Schurz was too young to be a reliable witness.
B. Schurz was not an eyewitness to the events he describes.
C. Schurz wrote his account about fifty years after the events occurred.
D. Schurz was a government official likely biased against the revolution.

Answer is C. Schurz wrote his account about fifty years after the events occurred

Answers

The most significant limitation that Carl Schurz's work has as a resource for a historian is that he wrote his account about fifty years after the events occurred.

Carl Christian Schurz was an American statesman, author, and reformer. He immigrated to the United States after the German Revolution of 1848 and quickly rose to prominence within the newly formed Republican Party. He wrote a number of works, such as his Reminiscences (1907–09), a volume of talks, and a two-volume biography of Henry Clay (1887). According to the inquiry, his work is limited by the time interval between the actual incident and the time he ultimately wrote it down.

Because a good eyewitness account necessitates documenting events as they happen, this was a significant limitation. The narratives of occurrences are typically more accurate and in-depth when they are recorded according to how they occur.

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protein synthesis has two parts to it. during the first part, an mrna copy is made from a segment of dna within the nucleus. this process is called .

Answers

The process when a mRNA copy is made from a segment of DNA within the nucleus is Transcription.

9th Grade Biology

In your food web, decomposers and sunlight are not included. Draw each one into your food web and explain their role in an ecosystem.

Answers

Decomposers organisms are in charge of decomposing organic matter and returning it to the ground as inorganic elements. Sunlight provides energy to autotroph organisms that use it to produce organic matter.

What is the role of sunlight and decomposers on the trophic webs?

The trophic web is the interaction between different organisms involving the transference of energy when some of them feed on the other ones. The ones placed at lower levels pass energy to the ones at the higher levels.

Different levels compose the trophic web.

Producers Primary consumers are herbivores Secondary consumers are carnivores Decomposers

The role of sunlight is to provide energy to producers. Part of the energy that reaches the Earth's surface is taken by autotroph organisms that use it to produce organic matter from inorganic elements.

Decomposers are microorganisms or small invertebrates in charge of recycling elements from dead organic matter and returning them to the ground as inorganic elements.

In this way, natural cycles begin again passing elements from the ground to autotroph organisms, heterotrophs, decomposers, and finally returning to the ground.

In the trophic web,

the arrow that leaves from sunlight must reach green algae, quaking aspen, wheatgrass, gray willow, and pond lily. This is because sunlight is used by autotrophs.

arrows leaving from all the organisms in the trophic web must reach decomposers because decomposers take energy from every organism.

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By reviewing hiring information from the previous year, james is trying to predict how many additional employees he will need to hire for the holiday rush. Which step in the process of human resource planning is jim engaged in?.

Answers

By reviewing hiring information from the previous year, James is trying to predict how many additional employees he will need to hire for the holiday rush. James is engaged in the step of a. forecasting in the process of human resource planning.

It is through proper human resource planning that a company recognizes the number and quality of team members that are required for the better performance of a company.

A human resource employee, such as James, first takes into account the current capacity of hiring. Then he reviews previous hiring information of the holiday season to forecast how many employees need to be hired.

The forecast process helps the company to have the proper amount of workers needed during the holiday rush. After forecasting the required number of hires to be made, one can form an action plan and evaluate people for the hiring process.

Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:

By reviewing hiring information from the previous year, James is trying to predict how many additional employees he will need to hire for the holiday rush. Which step in the process of human resource planning is James engaged in?

a. forecasting

b. evaluation

c. talent strategy

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Eukaryotic cells store their dna in the form of linear chromosomes. This creates problems for replication of dna at the ends of the chromosomes because?.

Answers

There are problems with the replication of DNA at the ends of the linear form of chromosomes because all genes are located in the middle of the chromosomes

Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have membrane-bound organelles in addition to a nucleus. Eukaryotic creatures come in a great variety, including most algae, all animals, plants, fungi, and protists. Eukaryotes can have a single cell or many cells.

So, A chromosome with terminal ends and a linear shape is referred to as a linear chromosome. The DNA is organized into several linear chromosomes in the majority of eukaryotic cells. Contrarily, the majority of prokaryotic cells typically only have one circular chromosome. Because linear chromosomes now have a terminal end, the issue exists.

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What could be a result of a mistake during this process?

Answers

Answer:

what process?

Explanation:

Other Questions
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