You can modify to wrap aluminum foil around the sample flask and fractionating column.
And place the receiving flask in an ice bath.
What is fractional distillation?Separating a mixture into its constituent parts, or fractions is known as fractional distillation. By heating chemical mixtures to a temperature where one or more fractions of the mixture evaporate, chemical compounds are separated.
Fractional Distillation can also be described as the separation of a liquid combination via distillation, usually using a fractionating column, into fractions with different boiling points (and thus chemical composition).
Chemicals can be cleaned by fractional distillation, and mixtures can be divided into their constituent parts.
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A 10. g cube of copper at a temperature T1 is placed in an insulated cup containing 10. g of water at a temperature T2 . If T1 > T2, which of the following is true of the system when it has attained thermal equilibrium? (The specific heat of copper is 0.385 J/(g·°C) and the specific heat of water is 4.18 J/(g·°C).)
A) The temperature of the copper changed more than the temperature of the water.
B) The temperature of the water changed more than the temperature of the copper.
C) The temperature of the water and the copper changed by the same amount.
D)The relative temperature changes of the copper and the water cannot be determined without knowing T1 and T2 .
The temperature of the copper changed more than the temperature of the water when it attend thermal equilibrium. Thus option A is correct.
What are thermal equilibrium?Thermal equilibrium is defined as the condition under which two substance are in physical contact with each other but there is no exchange of heat energy between both of them.
As we are only considering the isolated system so the heat of the system must be constant this implies that the loss of heat of cube is equal to the gain of heat of water. Thus it started flow from hot body to cold body until it reach thermal equilibrium.
Thus, the temperature of the copper changed more than the temperature of the water when it attend thermal equilibrium. Thus option A is correct.
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4. connect to society in the 1970s, people were reluctant to embrace
nuclear power. what would it take for americans today to favor a
greater reliance on nuclear power as a source of electricity?
People in 1970s were reluctant to embrace nuclear power. For Americans to favor a greater reliance on nuclear power as a source of electricity today, one of the main reason is that it produces high amounts of electricity without damaging the environment and atmosphere.
Nuclear power plants do not produce pollution or produce less pollution, when compared to many other energy sources, whether coal or natural gas, etc.
Nuclear power also protects the quality of air by producing the huge amounts of electricity which is carbon-free.
Traditional fossil fuels like coal, etc produces greenhouse gas emissions like methane and CO₂.
Nuclear power is not expensive. Power plants are cheap to run than others. The amount of energy produced is also efficient and more than others.
Nuclear power plants can run without any interruptions or high maintenance, which makes it a more reliable source of energy.
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Cholesterol ester is formed through the esterification of the alcohol cholesterol with what substance? a. protein b. triglyceride c. fatty acids d. digitonin
Cholesterol ester is formed through the esterification of the alcohol cholesterol with fatty acids. The correct option is c.
What is esterification?Cholesteryl esters are sterol lipids that belong to the group of cholesterol lipids. Their structure is made up of cholesterol, which forms an ester bond between the hydroxyl group of the steroid structure and a fatty acid.
When a carboxylic acid interacts with an alcohol, esterification appears to occur. Only in the appearance of an acid catalyst and heat can this reaction take place.
Esterification is the process of combining an organic acid and an alcohol to produce an ester and water, or a chemical reaction that produces at least one ester product.
Thus, the correct option is c.
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4. Consider the following six materials-water, mercury, mineral oil, cork stopper, rubber stopper, and a piece of lead. If
these materials were added to a graduated cylinder, in what order would they be found from top to bottom?
Answer:
Liquid B is expected to be at the top while liquid A is found at the bottom.
What is density?
The term density has to do with the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume. Now given that the density of a substance actually shows how much heavy the substance is, it is not difficult to understand that a material that has a low density will flat at the top of a material that has a lower density.
Here we are told that the two liquids do not mix. If they do not mix then it follows that they must have formed a two phase system in which one is at the top of the other. The one that is at the top must have the lower density.
Thus, liquid B is expected to be at the top while liquid A is found at the bottom. From the density of the plastic cue, the cube will be at the top.
Explanation:
The order of the materials from the top to bottom in the cylinder would be Mineral oil, water, rubber stopper, lead, and mercury.
What is the density?The density of a substance can be measured as the mass per unit volume. The average density will be equal to the total mass of the object divided by its total volume.
The formula for the density of the substance can be expressed as follows:
Density = Mass/Volume
The S.I. unit of the density can be written as Kg/m³. The density of a substance is an intrinsic characteristic as it doesn't depend on its size. If the size increases, the mass of the object increases as well but the density of the object remains constant.
Given, the materials water, mercury, mineral oil, rubber stopper, and a piece of lead have a density of 1.0 g/ml, 0.83 g/ml, 13.5 g/ml, 1.51 g/ml, and 11.33 g/ml respectively.
Therefore, the substance with the least density will stay at the top of the cylinder and the material with the greatest density will at the bottom of the cylinder.
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in the skeletal structure for an organic compound, it is assumed that there is a atom at the end of any line and at the junction of any two lines. this type of structure omits all atoms except those directly bonded to a heteroatom.
In the skeletal structure for an organic compound, it is assumed that there is a atom at the end of any two lines and at the junction of any two lines is Carbon atom. This type of strucutre omits all atoms is Hydrogen atom except those directly bonded to a hetero atom.
The skeletal structure or line formula or shorthand formula for organic compound is a type of molecular structural formula in which line represents the position of carbon and hydrogen atom. the position of carbon atoms in skeletal are indicated by the ends and intersection of lines and hydrogen atom inferred from the no. of bonds shown to each other.( carbon atom must have four bond ).
The atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are called as hetero-atoms. In skeletal structure we can omit all the atoms of hydrogen except those directly bonded to a hetro atom.
Thus,In the skeletal structure for an organic compound, it is assumed that there is a atom at the end of any two lines and at the junction of any two lines is Carbon atom. This type of strucutre omits all atoms is Hydrogen atom except those directly bonded to a hetero atom.
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Metals can be protected from corrosion by applying a coating that protects the metal by acting as a barrier. Painting is one way of applying a coating. Give the other TWO.
The ways in which metals can be protected from corrosion include the following below:
Cathodic protectionCorrosion inhibitors.What is Corrosion?This is common with metals and is a process which occurs as a result of its exposure to the surroundings. This results in metals forming a stable oxide thereby leading to the deterioration of the material.
There are however several ways to protect them from corrosion such as painting and the use of corrosion inhibitors such as chromates etc which helps to coat it and prevent the oxidation process from occurring thereby making it the correct choice.
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A student believed that she found a new element! Analysis found that it contained two isotopes. The isotopes were: 19.9% with an atomic mass of 10.013 and 80.1% with an atomic mass of 11.009. What is the average atomic mass, and do you think the student discovered a new element? Explain.
Answer:
0.199(10.013) +0.801(11.009)=10.811
The average atomic mass of the new element is equal to 10.811 a.m.u. The new element could be Boron as the average atomic mass of the Boron is also 10.811 a.m.u.
What is the average atomic mass?The average atomic mass is the sum of the masses of its isotopes multiplied by their natural abundance. Average atomic mass can be written on the periodic table.
The formula to determine the average atomic mass as follows:
The average atomic mass = ∑(Isotope mass × Natural Abundance)
Given, the abundance of the isotope with an atomic mass of 10.013 is 19.9%. The abundance of the isotope with an atomic mass of 11.009 is 80.1%.
The average atomic mass of element = 10.013 × 0.199 + 11.009 × 0.801
Average atomic mass = 1.992 + 8.818
= 10.811 a.m.u.
Therefore, the average atomic mass of the new element is 10.811 a.m.u.
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For example, most weather occurs in the troposphere. What occurs in each of the other layers?
Answer:
The Earth has multiple layers in its complex atmosphere, five to be more specific. The layer closest to the surface of the Earth is the troposphere, than comes the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere, and top layer is the exosphere.
In the troposphere we have the occurrence of the weather.
In the stratosphere we have the occurrence of the ozone layer, which protects the Earth from the ultraviolet radiation.
The mesosphere is the layer where most of the asteroids burn up in the atmosphere, thus breaking them apart and protecting the surface of the Earth.
In the theromsphere we have the occurrence of the aurora borealis and aurora australis.
In the exosphere we have escaping molecules from the atmosphere, because they are so far away from one another, they get out into the open space.
Explanation:
Answer: The cycle, which occurs in the troposphere, begins as the sun evaporates large amounts of water from the earth's surface and the moisture is transported to other regions by the wind. As air rises, expands, and cools, water vapor condenses and clouds develop.
Explanation:
a biologist is observing an organism under a microscope and concludes that it is a unicellular organism. what evidence that this organism must be unicellular, not multicellular?
Answer:
The organism is unicelluar
Explanation:
The organism is unicelluar because we weren't told The type of Microscope the biologist made Use of .
Which statement best describes a scatterplot?
A. it shows data as a percentage of a whole
B. it shows data points connected by a single line
C. it shows quantitative data that relate two variables
D. it shows qualitative data grouped by similarities
The statement that best describes a scatterplot is as follows: it shows quantitative data that relate two variables (option C).
What is a scatterplot?A scatter plot is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data.
The scatter plot graph is plotted on a cartesian plane made up of two axis namely X-axis and Y-axis.
The X-axis is axis on a graph that is usually drawn left to right and usually shows the range of values of an independent variable.
On the other hand, the y-axis is the axis on a graph that is usually drawn from bottom to top and usually shows the range of values of variable dependent on one other variable.
Therefore, it can be said that the scatter plot shows quantitative data that relate two variables.
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what is a test variable in science
Answer:
A variable is anything that can change or be changed. In other words, it is any factor that can be manipulated, controlled for, or measured in an experiment.
What volume would the 1.75 moles of CO₂ occupy at STP?
Answer:
39.2
Explanation:
1.75 moles × 22.4 liters = 39.2
What do sound waves need to travel through
Answer:
Explanation
Sound waves need to travel through a medium such as solids, liquids and gases simply to put in short terms
Answer: Sound waves need to travel through a medium such as solids, liquids and gases. The sound waves move through each of these mediums by vibrating the molecules in the matter. The molecules in solids are packed very tightly
Explanation:
pls mark me brainliest
A radioactive substance has a half-life period of 30 days. calculate the time required for three- fourths of the original number of atoms to disintegrate.
a. 60 days
b. 12 days
c.90 days
d. 30 days
A radioactive substances has half- life period of 30 days. the time required for 3/4th of the original number of atoms to disintegrate is 60 days.
Half life of radioactive substances T = 30 days
Time required for 3/4th t = ?
no. of atoms disintegrated = ( 3 / 4 ) N0
no. of atoms left after time t,
N = N0 -( 3/4) N0
= ( 1/4 ) N0
no. of half lives in time t ,
n = t / T
= t / 30
no. of nuclei after n half life is ,
N = N0× [tex](1/2)^{n}[/tex]
now, comparing both the equations,
[tex]N_{O}[/tex] / 4 = [tex]N_{O}[/tex] ( 1/2 )[tex]^{t/30}[/tex] = ( 2 )[tex]^{t/30}[/tex]
therefore,
[tex](2)^{2} = (2)^{t/30}[/tex]
now,
t/30 = 2
t = 60 days.
Thus, A radioactive substances has half- life period of 30 days. the time required for 3/4th of the original number of atoms to disintegrate is 60 days.
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how are the atoms of different elements similar?
Answer:
Sort of
Explanation:
Each element is unique (forget isotopes for a while), and so, you would expect them to each have unique properties, and you would be right. They each have their properties that belongs to them alone.
But chemists soon found out that some of them even though unique actually share some similarities, like some of them reacting the same way with another given element in very specific proportions, or that some of them had tendencies that other elements didn´t have.
This realization led to creating a table where every atom in a same column had these similar properties, and, by organizing them in order of atomic weight, they found out many other properties that certain regions had. They also noticed that this arrangement led to properties changing quite consistently when you traveled from a point to the other of the table.
This was such a huge huge discovery that, even before we had the heavy duty machinery to identify atoms, and some of them were still to be found, chemists could pinpoint that we still had some to find because, when organizing them, we realized that there were holes, that would be later be filled by an yet undiscovered element.
Also, this table is so powerful that we are 100% sure that we won´t find any more elements before the smallest nor in between the ones already discovered, at most, we can find bigger elements in some crazy star that has super duper harsh conditions that may stabilize bigger ones. I think there are some questions in Quora where physicists (wizard people) discuss this possibility
The number of neutrons in atoms of different elements can be the same
A nitrogen oxide contains 30. 45% n mass. If the molar mass of the compound is 90. ± 5 g/mol, what is its molecular formula?.
[tex]N_{2} O_{4}[/tex] is the molecular formula.
How do we calculate the Molecular formula?
Subtract the empirical formula molar mass from the molar mass of the compound. The result must be exactly one or very close to it. The whole number discovered in step 2 is multiplied by each subscript in the empirical formula. The end result is the molecular formula.The simplest whole-number ratio of the different atoms in a compound is an empirical formula. The number of various atom types that make up a compound molecule is specified by the molecular formula.We can obtain the whole-number multiple for the compound using the supplied molar mass or the mass of the molecular formula.
Multiplying the subscripts [tex]N O_{2}[/tex] by 2, the molecular formula is
2[tex]N O_{2}[/tex] = [tex]N_{2} O_{4}[/tex]
[tex]N_{2} O_{4}[/tex] is the molecular formula.
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A drop of medication is delivered to a patient every 45 s. if 5 drops of this medication occupy 1.0 ml, how many ml of the medication will be delivered in 15 minutes
A drop of medication is delivered to a patient every 45 s . if 5 drop of this medication occupy 1.0 ml then the medication will be delivered in 15 sec is 4 ml.
According to the question,
1 drop delivered = 45 sec = 0.75 min
and, 5 drop contains = 1.0 ml
then , 1 drop = 1 / 5 ml = 0.2 ml
this mean, 0.2 ml in = 0.75 min
so, how much ml in 1 min,
1 min = 0.2 ml / 0.75
= 0.266 ml
now, how many ml in 15 min ,
in 15 min = 0.2667 ml × 15
= 4 ml
Thus, A drop of medication is delivered to a patient every 45 s . if 5 drop of this medication occupy 1.0 ml then the medication will be delivered in 15 sec is 4 ml.
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A dietary supplement contains 5.00 x 10^3 iu per capsule. if the bottle recommends 2.00 capsules per day, how many iu per week are recommended?
7.00 x 10^4 IU/wk IU per week are recommended.
5000 IU/capsules x (2.00 capsules/1 day) x (7 days/1 week)
= 7.00 x 10^4 IU/wk.
What does IU in supplements mean?international scales
You may have noticed that the units of measurement on the labels of over-the-counter (OTC) fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, and E) have shifted from international units (IU) to metric units of measurement—micrograms (mcg) or milligrams (mg).The IU is an International Unit that is commonly used to measure fat-soluble vitamins such as Vitamins A, D, and E. Depending on the nutrient, the conversion of IU to mg varies. One milligrams of beta carotene is equivalent to 1667IU of Vitamin A activity. 15mg beta carotene equals 25,000IU vitamin A activity.1,000 IU does not equal 1,000 mg. As of now, no vitamin or mineral has a conversion factor of one. As a result, there is no way for these two values to equal one another.IU stands for International Unit and is a unit of measurement used in pharmacy and vitamin measurement. The precise definition of an IU varies depending on the substance, but in the case of this product, Vitamin E 1 IU is the biological equivalent of approximately 0.667mg.To learn more about IU in supplements refer to
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The km of an enzyme is 5. 0 mm. Calculate the substrate concentration when this enzyme operates at one‑quarter of its maximum rate.
The concentration of the substrate is found to be 1.66mm.
Given that the Km of enzyme is 5mm.
Vo =Vmax/4
We know that the formula for Vo
Vo = Vmax[S] /[S] +km
Vmax/4 = Vmax[S] /[S] +km
1/[S] = [S]/ [S] + Km
[S] + Km = 4[S]
Km = 3[S]
[S] = km/3
=5/3mm
[S]= 1.67mm
Thus, the concentration of the substrate is found to be 1.66mm.
The substrate concentration at which half of the enzyme active sites are saturated with the substrate is known as the Km value. The relationship between the value of KM and the enzyme’s affinity for its substrate is inversely proportional.
It provides information regarding the substrate affinities of enzymes. Km is the substrate concentration at which half of Vmax is reached. One can determine if a given enzyme-substrate system needs more enzymes or substrate to speed up the enzymatic reaction by knowing the Km value of the system.
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A teacher asks a student to write the chemical equation for photosynthesis. The student's response is shown below.
CO2+H2O→C6H12O6+O2
The equation is not balanced correctly. Which of these is a balanced equation for photosynthesis?
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Trust me bro :) I just know it
Consider the gases ar, h2, o2, and ne. Put them in order of their decreasing rate of effusion.
The order of decreasing rate of effusion of gases is as follows:
Hydrogen, Neon, Oxygen, and Argon.
According to Graham's law:
"The rate of effusion (r) is inversely proportional to the square root of the molecular mass (M) of the gas and is directly proportional to the speed of its movement."
So, [tex]r[/tex] ∝ [tex]\frac{1}{\sqrt{M} }[/tex]
This indicates that lighter gases will diffuse more quickly.
Now, the molecular mass of H₂= 2g
The molecular mass of O₂ =32g
The molecular mass of Ar = 39.94g
The molecular mass of Ne = 20.17g
Therefore, the rate of effusion is highest in Hydrogen and lowest in Argon.
Hence, the order of decreasing rate of effusion of gases is as follows:
Hydrogen, Neon, Oxygen, and Argon.
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If a student performs a lab and is trying to find the boiling point (273K) of water and gets the following results:
Sample 1= 350K
Sample 2= 349 K
Sample 3= 350 K
Sample 4= 348K
Sample 5 349K
How would you describe his results?
The student's measurement of the boiling point of water can be described as inaccurate but precise.
What is accuracy and precision?Accuracy is the degree of conformity of a measure to a true or standard value i.e. the closeness to a true or standard value.
On the other hand, precision is the ability of a measurement to be reproduced consistently i.e. closeness of measured values.
According to this question, a student performs a lab and is trying to find the boiling point (273K) of water but gets the close measured values above.
This suggests that the student's measurement are not accurate because they are not close to the standard value (273K) but are precise because they are close to one another.
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]
12 A student placed a crystal of copper (11) sulphate in a beaker of water.
After one hour the crystal had completely disappeared and a dense blue colour was
observed in the water at the bottom of the beaker. After 48 hours the blue colour had spread
throughout the water.
water-
copper(II) sulphate
after 1 hour
les crystal
(a) Use the kinetic particle theory to explain these observations.
Answer:
This is a unclear answer.
Explanation:
N/a
If I were to designate circles as orbital, which would be a correct arrangement for 2p sublevel with only 3 electrons.
Answer:
Option 3
Explanation:
Because electrons have the same charge, they repel. So, if possible, the electrons should be in different orbitals.
A 5. 0 l flask containing o2 at 2. 00 atm is connected to a 3. 0 l flask containing h2 at 4. 00 atm and the gases are allowed to mix. What is the mole fraction of h2? report your answer to two decimal places.
The mole fraction of hydrogen is 0.55.
The volume of oxygen = 5 litres
The pressure of oxygen = 2 atm
The volume of hydrogen = 3 litres
The pressure of hydrogen = 4 atm
The universal gas constant is R.
R = 8.31 J mol—¹ K—¹
The ideal gas equation is,
PV = nR T
The number of moles of oxygen is,
PV = nRT
[tex]n = \frac{ PV }{RT }[/tex]
[tex]n = \frac{2 \times 5}{8.31 \times 273} [/tex]
n = 0.004 moles
The number of moles of oxygen is 0.004 moles.
The number of moles of hydrogen is,
PV = nRT
[tex]n = \frac{ PV }{RT }[/tex]
[tex]n = \frac{4 \times 3}{8.31 \times 273} [/tex]
n = 0.005 moles
The number of moles of hydrogen is 0.005 moles.
The mole fraction of hydrogen is,
[tex]Mole \: fraction = \frac{ Moles \: of \: solute }{Total \: number \: of \: moles \: of \: solute \: and \: solvent}[/tex]
[tex]Mole \: fraction = \frac{0.005}{0.009} [/tex]
= 0.55
Therefore, the mole fraction of hydrogen is 0.55.
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The reaction proceeds via successively faster halogenations at the α-position until the 3 h have been replaced. Explain why the first halogenation is the slowest one.
The first halogenation is the slowest because the first radical intermediate is the highest in energy.
A molecule undergoes halogenation when a hydrogen atom is swapped out for a halogen atom. It should be clear from a review of the two steps that make up the free radical chain reaction for halogenation that the first step (hydrogen abstraction) is the product-determining step.
Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are together known as halogens. These elements are frequently handled as a unit because of their shared behavior. Therefore, replacing any number of hydrogen atoms with any or all of the group members is referred to as halogenation.
Once a carbon radical is formed, subsequent bonding to a halogen atom (in the second step) can only occur at the radical site.
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Enter a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of solid rubidium with liquid water.
The balanced chemical equation of solid rubidium with liquid water is
2Rb + H₂O --------> 2RbOH + H₂
Rubidium is an alkali metal reacts rapidly with water to form a colourless solution of rubidium hydroxide (RbOH) and hydrogen gas.
The reaction is so fast that if reaction takes place in a glass container it will shatter the container.
Balancing a chemical equation is involves the stoichiometric coefficient to the reactants side and products side.
Rb + H₂O -------> RbOH + H₂
NOW, Reactants and Products
Rb 1 1
H 2 3
O 2 2
Multiply 2 with Rb , H₂O and RbOH
2RbOH + 2H₂O --------> 2RbOH + H₂
Reactants and Products
Rb 2 2
H 4 4
O 2 2
The equation is now balanced.
The balanced chemical equation of solid rubidium with liquid water is
2Rb + H₂O --------> 2RbOH + H₂
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Products we sell to other countries are called imports? True or False
Answer:
false
Explanation:
1. A candle reproduces.
a. True
b. False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
It may not produce other candles but it does produce a flame as a product
First DEFINE and THEN Compare and contrast the three states of matter. Draw a picture on the
molecular level for each.
There are mainly three types of state of matter and they solid, liquid as well as gas. Gas molecule has no any attraction force on the other hand solid molecule has strong attraction force.
There are four different states of matter: solids, liquids, gases, as well as plasma. Adding or subtracting heat energy from a substance can frequently modify the state of matter in that substance. For instance, adding heat may cause ice to melt into liquid water as well as water to scald.
A condition of a substance known as gas entirely conforms to the form of the container it is placed in despite having no shape of its own. Solids have a defined shape as well as volume, whereas liquids just have a defined volume as well as no shape, and gases lack both shape and volume.
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