When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the cell may shrink. If the cell decreases in size, its ability to eliminate wastes by diffusion would increase because the surface-area-to-volume ratio of the cell would increase.
What is meant by the hypertonic solution?The solution which contains more amount of solute than the solution is called a hypertonic solution. If the solution contains less amount of solute then the surrounding is called a hypotonic solution.
If the solution contains the same amount of solute then the surrounding it is called an isotonic solution.
If the cell is placed in hypertonic solution then cell will shrink because solutes and water tend to flow along their gradients. Surface area to volume ratio of the determine the size of the cell. When a cell grows in size its volume is higher than the surface area.
Therefore, When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, the cell may shrink. If the cell decreases in size, its ability to eliminate wastes by diffusion would increase because the surface-area-to-volume ratio of the cell would increase.
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In a study about the effects of caffeine on student test
scores, researchers collected data about amounts of
caffeine consumed prior to a test and test scores. They
represented the data in a graph.
Caffeine consumed (mg)
Test score (percentage)
What explanation could the researchers give about these factors?
A. There is no correlation between amount of caffeine consumed and test score
B. There is evidence that a decrease in the amount of caffeine consumed caused a decrease in test scores
C. There is a correlation between caffeine and test score, but not enough to show cause.
D. There is evidence that an increase in the amount of caffeine consumed caused a decrease in test scores.
10
When considering the gaps between the evolution of humans and our nearest animal "cousins," Including other primates, what is the most
sensible way to measure the years?
O A. billions
OB. millions
OC. thousands
OD. hundreds
Reset
Next
Millions are the most sensible way to measure the year when considering the gaps between the evolution of humans from our nearest animal cousins primates (Option B).
What is human evolution?Human evolution refers to the lineage by which humans (Homo sapiens species) evolved form the primate branch in the tree of life, which ocuredd million years ago from the Homo erectus species in Africa.
In conclusion, millions are the most sensible way to measure the year when considering the gaps between the evolution of humans from our nearest animal cousins primates (Option B).
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how is it possible for DNA to be found on saliva
Answer:
The DNA in saliva originates from cells that are shed from the inner linings of the mouth and from white blood cells.
Explanation:
DNA in saliva is from white blood cells and buccal epithelial cells that are shed from the mouth's inner linings, this makes it possible for DNA to be found on saliva.
What is the role of NAD+ and NADP during photosynthesis and resperation
Answer:
NAD+ is an oxidizing agent used as a coenzyme in catabolic reactions in the cell including cellular respiration. NAD is the reduced form of NAD+. In comparison, NADP+ is another coenzyme which serves as an oxidizing agent in anabolic reactions including photosynthesis.
Explanation:
Answer:pigment
Explanation:
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Primary lateral sclerosis is a disease that affects the body's ability to react to stimuli and causes a person to have difficulty moving the legs, body trunk, arms, hands, and face.
Which specialized cells are most affected by this disease?
epithelial cells, hepatocytes
neurons, epithelial cells
muscle cells, neurons
hepatocytes, muscle cells
Answer:
The specialized cells that are most affected by this disease include muscle cells, neurons (Option C). Primary lateral sclerosis is a motor disease.
What is primary lateral sclerosis?
Primary lateral sclerosis is a motor disease because it affects motor neurons and thus the nervous system.
This disease (primary lateral sclerosis) lead leads to loss the control of motor-movement skills over time.
Some common symptoms of primary lateral sclerosis include stiffness, muscle spasms, slow movements, etc.
Explanation:
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A researcher would like to evaluate the claim that a new drug, "Acne Buster" can help individuals eliminate acne. Participants were randomly assigned to 2 different groups. One group of participants is given the Acne Buster pill daily and the other group is given a placebo (sugar pill). The researcher records the number of acne outbreaks each individual experiences during the 30-day trial run.
What type of study (correlational, longitudinal, experimental, naturalistic observation) is this?
This is an experimental study.
What is an experimental study?An experimental study must have an independent variable and a dependent variable. The independent variable is the variable that we can manipulate. In this case, the independent variable is the type of pill that the participants received.
The dependent variable is the outcome that is expected after manipulating the independent variable and in this case it is the acne outbreaks each individual experiences during the 30-day trial run. The control is the group that was given a placebo.
Looking at the design of the study, this is an experimental study.
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Are all compounds molecules? Why or why not?
Answer:
Yes, all compounds are molecules. However, all molecules are not compounds.
Explanation:
Below are the paired reduction reactions for chemolithotrophic denitrification: these organisms are using nitrate as an electron accepter and are using hydrogen gas as a source of energy and electrons.
2NO3- + 10e- -> N2 (+0.74 volts)
2H+ + 2e- -> H2 (-0.42 volts)
Using the information given, calculate the ΔE for this reaction, balance the full reaction to determine n, the number of electrons transferred when 307 moles of H2 are oxidized. Finally, use the simplified Nernst Equation
ΔG = -nFΔE, where F = 96.5 kJ (e- × V)-1
to determine the Gibbs Free energy available to do work!
Gibbs Free Energy is a thermodynamic potential that calculates amount of the work done by a thermodynamically closed system. The amount of ΔG° = -21712.98 kJ/mol.
How to calculate Gibbs Free Energy?Gibbs Free Energy is a thermodynamic potential. It depends upon internal potential energy, pressure, volume, temperature and entropy.
The equation given here is a redox reaction.
Oxidation :
H₂ ----> 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ [E°ox = +0.42 volts]
Reduction :
2NO³⁻ + 10e⁻ ----> N₂ [E°red = +0.74 volts]
To calculate the Gibbs Free Energy change, first balance the equations:
Oxidation :
H₂ ----> 2H⁺ + 2e⁻ ...×5
5H₂ ----> 10H⁺ + 10e⁻
Reduction :
2NO³⁻ + 10e⁻----> N₂
Balance the Oxygen atom and hydrogen atom,
2NO³⁻ +12H⁺+ 10e⁻----> N₂ + 6H₂O
Overall balanced reaction :
5H₂ + 2NO³⁻+ 2H⁺ -----> N₂ + 6H₂O
Number of electrons transferred is 10 , when 5 molecules of H₂ are oxidized.
To calculate the number of electrons transferred when 97 molecules of H₂ are oxidized = [(97×10)/5] = 194
Therefore, n = 194
E°cell = E°red + E°ox
0.74volts + 0.42volts = +1.16 volts
E°cell = +1.16 volts
Faraday constant (F) = 96485 C/mol
Standard Gibbs free energy of the reaction ,
∆G° = -nFE°cell
Or, ∆G° = -[194×96485×1.16] J/mol
Or, ∆G° = -21712.98 kJ/mol
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1. You are interested in studying the Na+/K+ pump so you inserted the pump into red blood cell
ghosts (essentially cells with no proteins in their membrane). Describe where in the pumping
cycle the Na+/K+ pump would stop and any movement of Na+ and K+ ions (i.e., into or out of
the RBC ghosts) under the following conditions:
A) Your cells were suspended in a solution that contained both Na+ and K+ ions that was in
equilibrium with the intracellular fluid.
B) You added ATP to the solutions on both sides of the cells described in part A.
C) The intracellular and extracellular solutions contain Na+ and ATP but not K+.
D) You perform the experiment shown in B, but you also embed K+ leak channel into your
ghosts.
It is possible to derive a membrane voltage equation that works both in the steady state and dynamically and takes the electrogenicity of the Na/K pump into consideration. A model for the osmotic stabilization of cells includes this equation. The outcomes highlight how the membrane voltage and the pump work together to reduce internal pressure. [tex]Cl^{-}[/tex] concentration, creating osmotic space for essential molecules that must be kept in the cell's confines.
What are the fundamental problems?Controlling the volume of cells with thin membranes is a basic issue. A cell needs to concentrate the components necessary for its survival, such as DNA, proteins, amino acids, and carbohydrates, within of itself. The plasma membrane is only about as powerful as a soap bubble, in contrast to the pressure that is easily created by the osmolarity differential between within and outside, which can easily approach an atmosphere or more. In plant and bacterial cells, a robust cell wall that encircles the plasma membrane prevents swelling.
Animal cells don't have cell walls and have developed a different method of preventing the tendency to expand. They lessen their internal ionic content to create osmotic space for the compounds that are internally sequestered, lowering the gap in osmolarity between inside and outside to zero.
Over many years it became clear that the osmotic stabilization of a living animal cell was related to active transport [tex]Na^{+}[/tex] from and [tex]K^{+}[/tex] into the cell (2-5). The first mathematical model based on this general idea was the lucid-pump leak model of Tosteson and Hoffman, so named because the [tex]Na^{+}[/tex]/[tex]K^{+}[/tex] pump contracts the tendency of [tex]Na^{+}[/tex] to leak into and [tex]K^{+}[/tex] out of a cell. Their volume control in high- and low-K red blood cells was successfully accounted for by their model, which made the cell's steady state assumption.
This model was expanded into the dynamic case by Tosteson (6) and a subsequent model by Jakobsson. Lev et al. have developed a model that takes into account a variety of ion transport processes, such as ion exchange, but it ignores the role of the Na/K pump in osmotic stability.
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What physical property allows a substance to trap heat and keep it from transferring as quickly
A conductor like wood
A insulator like wood
A conductor like metal
A insulator like metal
A conductor like metal is the physical property which allows a substance to trap heat and keep it from transferring as quickly and is denoted as option C.
What is a Conductor?This is referred to as substance which allows the flows of electrons and heat to pass through it easily. Conductors are mainly metals and examples include Iron, Copper etc ad they are used in the transmission of electricity due to these property.
Insulators on the other hand are materials which don't allow the flow of electrons and heat easily and examples include non metals such as wood, plastic etc.
A conductor like metal will therefore ensure that heat is kept and not transferred quickly which is therefore the reason why option C was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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_______ fixes atmospheric nitrogen in plants
Answer: Nitrogen
Explanation:
2. Describe the basic processes involved in the transmission of information from the beginning of one neuron to the beginning of the next neuron.
3. Identify three different types of neurotransmitters and describe their typical effects in the brain.
4. Describe the specialization of function in the four lobes of the brain (Frontal Lobe, Occipital Lobe, Temporal Lobe, and Parietal Lobe).
5. Describe the basic structure of the nervous system (the two primary systems and the subsystems) of the human body.
The basic processes involved in the transmission of information from the beginning of one neuron to the beginning of the next neuron are as mentioned below-
The types of ions within and outside the neuron's cell walls are out of equilibrium while the neuron is at rest, which means it is not actively transmitting a signal. Incoming signals from other neurons enter at the dendrites and move across the cell body to the axon when a neuron receives input from those other neurons.
The inside of the cell may become more positively or negatively affected by these signals. The neuron may fire an action potential if the incoming signals increase the neuron's internal potential. If this occurs, the neuron may achieve its threshold of excitation.
Neurotransmitters are released into the synapses when the action potential reaches the axon bulb of the presynaptic (sending) neuron. In the fluid-filled synapse, the neurotransmitter molecules float. Several of them will quickly move across the synapse and make contact with the tulip-shaped receptor sites arranged in a straight line on the dendrites of the postsynaptic (receiving) neuron.
What is a neuron?Neurons are used to transmit information. Through electrical impulses and chemical signals, they communicate both inside the brain and between the brain and the rest of the nervous system.
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characteristics of sediment deposited by the transporting agent
The simplest idea of sediment transport is the transportation of granular particles by fluids. The main mechanisms for moving sedimentary materials are gravity, river and stream movement, ice, air, and estuarine and sea currents.
Sediment transport, which refers to the movement of solid particles, is frequently caused by gravitational forces on the sediment or by the motion of the liquid where the silt is entrained (sediment). Mineral sediment is often the consequence of erosion and weathering, whereas organic silt is frequently debris and decomposing matter, such as algae. Transported sediment can contain mineral materials, organic material, chemicals, and pollutants. An alternate name for sediment transport is sediment load. operatives move sediment Wind, Water, Glaciers, and Mass Wasting (gravity).
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Which best illustrates the result of the process of meiosis?
A pea plant has the same flower color as its parent plants.
A daughter looks different from both her mother and her father.
A cheetah cub has very similar fur to its mother.
A Labrador puppy looks exactly like its father.
Answer:
A Daughter looking different from both her mother and father
Explanation:
Why has the farm industry replanted trees around rainforest remnants?
a. Because farmers are at one with their plants b. To protect edges from wind exposure and provide a barrier against animals C. To encourage the trees in the rainforest remnants to grow d. To make the edge look prettier
Answer:
b
Explanation:
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Can anybody help me pls.
Question is focus on the big idea
So im currently doing a project that makes up 40% of my grade, Prediction: Which of these variables do you think will have the greatest effect on the alien population? Explain.
. A: Light B: Water or C: Temp
The variable which will have the greatest effect on the alien population is temperature and is denoted as option C.
What is Temperature?This is referred to as the degree of hotness or coldness of a substance and it is influenced by thermal energy. It is measured with the use of a thermometer and the S.I unit is Kelvin.
All the planets have their unique range of temperature and example is earth who has greenhouse gases responsible in heating up the earth surface. This temperature difference will affect the survival of alien population as the effects of water hasn't been ascertained yet by scientists.
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What is the modern periodic table of elements used for?
A to classify and compare properties of elements
B to determine if the elements can produce allotropes
C to make compounds and molecules
D to determine if the substance found is an element
Answer:
A) to classify and compare properties of elements
Explanation:
The modern periodic table displays elements by grouping them into categories, found in the rows and columns of the table.
B does not necessarily fit because allotropes are the varying physical properties some elements display, such as the graphite vs diamond forms of carbon. The periodic table does not display this information.
C does not fit because the periodic table does not explicitly dictate if or how you can make compounds or molecules of the elements listed.
D does not fit because the periodic table lists properties of elements in a way that can help determine the specific element you are looking for. It doesn't necessarily determine whether or not something found is an element or not.
Question 3
Mutations lead to
Explanation:
Mutations can lead to different variations different traits never seen before also mutations can lead to no difference at all (pointless mutations)
help you help me find cow and apple?
Answer:
send a better image
Explanation:
To give the cell time to repair its DNA, the protein ____________ is produced; this protein blocks cell division.
To give the cell time to repair its DNA, the protein SfiA is produced; this protein blocks cell division.
Using the two diagrams, describe at least 3 differences
between the bacteria cell and the other two cells using
the text box below.
Differences between animal, plant and bacteria cell are as follows:
Because they lack the nucleus, and a few other membrane-bound organelles, bacteria are unicellular, living organisms that belong to the prokaryotic cell family.Plant cells are eukaryotic cells that differ fundamentally from animal cells in a number of ways. The plant cell has a nucleus and other membrane-bound cellular organelles, much like the animal cell does. Plastids, a cell wall, and other cellular organelles are present in plant cells which are not seen in animal cells.Prokaryotic cells make up bacteria. Their genetic material is not covered by any nuclear membrane. In the cell's centre is where their genetic material is spread. Animal and plant cells that are eukaryotic have a clearly defined nucleus that is encased in a cell membrane.Eukaryotic cells exhibit substantial internal compartmentalization because they have membrane-bound organelles, whereas bacteria lack these organelles.70S ribosomes can be found in the cytoplasm of bacteria. Eukaryotes have 70S ribosomes in semi-autonomous organelles and 80S ribosomes in the cytoplasm (mitochondria, chloroplast).Learn more about the bacteria cell here:
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Emma hits a baseball into the air. While the ball is flying through the air, which of the following objects is pulling on it with a gravitational force?
A. the Sun
B. the bat
C. the Earth
D. all of these
Answer: D All of these
Explanation: For Study Island
Please help me solve the pundit square with the info provided
1) Mother's alleles: IA and i. 2) Father's alleles: IA and IB. 3) Genotype: 1/4 IAIA, 1/4 IAi, 1/4 IAIB, 1/4 IBi. Genotypic ratio 1:1:1:1. 4) Phenotype: 1/2 blood type A, 1/4 blood type AB, 1/4 blood type B. Phenotypic ratio 2:1:1
What is the ABO blood type?
Blood type ABO is determined by a triallelic gene I. Depending on the allelic interaction, this gene can express complete dominance or co-dominance. Let us see,
Alleles
IAIBi→ IA and IB are codominant, meaning that when they are together in the same genotype, both of them are expressed.
→ IA and IB express complete dominance over i, meaning that the dominant IA and IB alelles hide the expression of the recessive allele i in heterozygous individuals.
Genotypes Phenotype
IAIA, IAi ⇒ Blood type A
IBIB, IBi ⇒ Blood type B
IAIB ⇒ Blood type AB
ii ⇒ Blood type 0
Now, let us analyze this cross,
Mother: IAiFather: IAIBCross) Mother with blood type A and father with blood type AB
Parentals) IAi x IAIB
Gametes) IA i IA IB
Punnett square) IA i
IA IAIA IAi
IB IAIB IBi
F1) Gentoype
1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be homozygous IAIA
1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be heterozygous IAi
1/4 = 25% of the progenyis expected to be heterozygous IAIB
1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to be heterozygous IBi
Genotypic ratio 1:1:1:1 ⇒ 1/4 IAIA : 1/4 IAi : 1/4 IAIB : 1/4 IBi
Phenotype
1/2 = 50% of the progeny is expected to express blood type A (IAIA + IAi)
1/4 = 25% of the progeny is expected to express blood type B (IBi)
1/4 = 25% of the progeby is expected to express blood type AB (IAIB)
Phenotypic ratio 2:1:1 ⇒ 1/2 type A : 1/4 type AB : 1/4 type B
1) Mother's alleles: IA and i
2) Father's alleles: IA and IB
3) F1 Genotypic ratio 1:1:1:1 ⇒ 1/4 IAIA : 1/4 IAi : 1/4 IAIB : 1/4 IBi
4) F1 phenotypic ratio 2:1:1 ⇒ 1/2 type A : 1/4 type AB : 1/4 type B
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Two species of animal share a common ancestor, but one species developed thick fur and the other developed a very light coat of hair. Over
time, the temperature in their native environment grew much warmer and wetter, far too hot for the thick-furred population. Statistically, what
is the most likely outcome for the thick-furred species?
OA
extinction
OB. genetics
OC. mutation
OD. evolution
Reset
Next
Answer: The answer is A extinction
Explanation:
just got finished with the test
What role do cells play in organisms?
Answer:
Cells are the building blocks of life, consisting of a self contained and maintained environments, it consumes nutrients and then converts these nutrients into energy which carries out specialized functions throughout the body. Each cell within the body holds a set of instructions that differs from every other cell. Yet all living things are made of cells and all cells share certain functions and characteristics.
Explanation:
Which hypothesis is NOT testable?
Plastic should be recyclable.
Plastic has a low boiling point.
Plastic has a high melting point.
Plastic does not break down in the environment.
Answer: Plastic has a high melting point
Explanation:
Biodiversity is important for the sustainability of ecosystemsHowever , many of the human actions that are aimed at growing communities are decreasing the biodiversity of these areas, leaving populations and ecosystems vulnerable. As human populations grow, the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems they use may be transformed by the efforts of human beings and biodiversity losses typically accompany these processes. Which of these actions decrease biodiversity and threaten sustainability? Select ALL that apply
Answer:
D. , E. , And B.
Explanation:
These are the only answers that decrease biodiversity and threaten sustainability. I hope this helps, good luck <3
identify the relationship between the components of photosynthesis
Answer: To perform photosynthesis, plants need three things: carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. for photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide enters through tiny holes in a plant's leaves, flowers, branches, stems, and roots. Plants also require water to make their food.
Explanation:
Suppose a 0.1M solution of a monosaccharide contains 1000 monosaccharide
molecules. How many monosaccharide molecules would be in a 0.1 M
solution of a disaccharide?
0.1 M solution of a disaccharide solution will contain 2000 monosaccharide molecules.
What are monosaccharides?The simplest monomers of carbohydrates, which can be either 3 carbon, 4 carbon, 5 carbon, 6 carbon, or 7 carbo compounds, are monosaccharides, often known as simple sugars.
Briefing:The following formula is used to determine how many monosaccharide molecules are present in a disaccharide's 0.1 M solution:
There are two monosaccharide molecules in every disaccharide molecule.
A monosaccharide solution comprises 1000 monosaccharide molecules in 0.1M.
A disaccharide solution at 0.1 M will have 2 * 1000 monosaccharide molecules in it.
2000 monosaccharide molecules make to 0.1 M of a disaccharide solution.
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