Decellularized porcine saphenous artery for small diameter tissue engineered conduit grafts.
Overview:
Decellularized xenografts have been identified as potential scaffolds for small-diameter vascular grafts. The purpose of this study was to biomechanically transform the porcine decellularized saphenous artery (DPSA) by a modified decellularization process using a Triton X-100/NHOH solution and serum-containing medium.
The goal was to develop and explore functional, biocompatible acellular conduits. Histological and biochemical analyzes showed a high degree of cell clearance and extracellular matrix preservation. Burst pressure tests showed that DPSA can withstand pressures of 1854 ± 164 mm Hg.
In vitro cell adhesion and biocompatibility evaluations showed that porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells can adhere and grow on DPSA in static and rotary cultures. After implantation into the rabbit carotid artery in vivo, DPSA showed a patency rate of 60% at 1 month and 50% at 3 months.
No aneurysm and intimal hyperplasia were observed with any of his DPSA. All patented grafts showed regeneration of vascular elements and thrombotic occlusion was found to be the major cause of graft failure.
This is probably due to residual xenoantigens. In summary, this study demonstrated the development and evaluation of a decellularization process that could be used as a small-diameter graft.
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A research team monitoring a local freshwater ecosystem noticed that over the past few years the otter population had declined significantly, while the populations of other species remained fairly constant. After running tests, the research team determined that mercury levels in invertebrates and small fish in the ecosystem were very high. In this ecosystem, what role did the otters occupy?.
A research team monitoring a local freshwater ecosystem noticed that over the past few years the otter population had declined significantly, while the populations of other species remained fairly constant. After running tests, the research team determined that mercury levels in invertebrates and small fish in the ecosystem were very high. In this ecosystem, the otters occupied the role of b. indicator species.
In the field of biology, an indicator species can be described as a population that serves as an indicator for a specific environmental concern. A rapid increase, decrease or complete removal of that population can indicate an environmental issue.
Indicator species help scientists to observe an ecosystem and determine what issue might have arisen in that particular ecosystem.
In the case above, the decline in the otter population represented to scientists that there is an issue with the local freshwater ecosystem. Hence, the otter species acted as indicator species. Upon research, it was found that mercury levels had increased in the local freshwater ecosystem.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
A research team monitoring a local freshwater ecosystem noticed that over the past few years the otter population had declined significantly, while the populations of other species remained fairly constant. After running tests, the research team determined that mercury levels in invertebrates and small fish in the ecosystem were very high. In this ecosystem, what role did the otters occupy?
a. Pioneer species
b. Indicator species
c. Primary consumer
d. selected species
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Following is a cost benefit analysis regarding the removal of arsenic (a poison) in water. Consider the costs and benefits , choose a side , and explain why you chose the side that you did . Costs: this requires a vast array treatment technology with detailed specifications it will cost companies $60-700 million dollars to implement the changes. The companies will raise the price of their product drastically to counteract their expenses , making everyday items more expensive for you. Benefits : millions of dollars will be saved on potential health problems. Associated bladder and lung cancer instances will drop. This will lower the environmental impact of arsenic on the ecosystem .
The biggest harm to human health from arsenic comes from contaminated water used for drinking, food preparation, and irrigation of food crops.
It cause cancer and skin sores when consumed over an extended period of time. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease have also been linked to it. Exposure during pregnancy and in the early years of life has been associated to impaired cognitive development and an increase in the mortality of young adults.The most crucial measure in the affected communities is to provide a safe water supply in order to stop future arsenic exposure.Replace supplies with high levels of arsenic, such as groundwater, with sources with low levels that are also safe for microorganisms, like rainwater and treated surface water.Install centralized or household methods for removing arsenic, and make sure the extracted arsenic is disposed of properly. Technologies for removing arsenic include membrane processes, oxidation, coagulation-precipitation, absorption, and ion exchange. The key to successful interventions is community involvement and education. Avoiding drinking arsenic-contaminated water is the greatest strategy to prevent arsenic poisoning. Instead of attempting to remove arsenic from water for community water supplies, it would be feasible and more cost-effective to transfer to a source of water that is lower in arsenic.Learn more about Arsenic here:
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Macronutrient recommendations for athletes, such as carbohydrates, are best expressed in what way due to the high amount of calories athletes need to consume?.
Macronutrient recommendations for athletes, such as carbohydrates, are best expressed in grams/kilogram of body weight due to the high amount of calories athletes need to consume.
Athletes require more macronutrients than average people as they indulge in a lot of muscle activity. As they have more muscle activity, their macronutrient requirements, such as carbohydrates, are more than an average person. Hence, their calorie intake is more.
To measure how much macronutrients an athlete should use grams/kilogram of body weight are used. The grams/kilograms are bigger units for weighing so that intake of macronutrients for athletes can be done properly. The diet of an athlete shall be properly knowledge as his diet heavily influences his performance and his muscle ability.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Macronutrient recommendations for athletes, such as carbohydrates, are best expressed in what way due to the high amount of calories athletes need to consume?
a. calories of body weight
b. percentage of body weight
c. milligrams/kilograms of body weight
d. grams/l#kilograms of body weight
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Mention the role of Ca 2+ ions during muscle contraction.
Answer:
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For a population containing 70 females and 30 males, what is the effective population size, ne ?.
The effective population size would equal 84.
How do find an effective population size?The effective population size is the size of a population that would have the same rate of heterozygosity loss as the current population.
In a population containing 70 females and 30 males, the effective population size is
4 x males x females / males + females
= 4 x 70 x 30 / 70 + 30
= 8400 / 100
= 84
The effective population size is 84.
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what is all the tiny photoautotrophs found near the surface of a body of water
Answer:
Phytoplankton. It refers to all the tiny photoautotrophs found on or near the surface of a body of water. Phytoplankton usually are the primary producers in aquatic ecosystems.
Explanation:
Hope it helps! =D
Which option identifies the best way for the plant breeder to succeed in the followingscenario?
A plant breeder wants to make a specific cross between one variety of flower and another, and wishes
to make sure that the plant can only be pollinated by the chosen variety of flower.
O remove the anthers and the style but leave the flower open to air and insect pollinators
O remove the stigma bu leave the flower open to air and insect pollinators
O remove the stigma and isolate the flower from air and insect pollinators
O remove the anthers and isolate the flower from air and insect pollinators
The best way to make sure that only a specific cross occurs between one variety of flower and other is to: (b) remove the stigma but leave the flower open to air and insect pollinators.
Cross in reproductive biology is the fusion of the male gamete and the female gamete to give birth to offspring. The cross generally happens within the same species, however it can happen outside the species too.
Stigma is the receptive organ and a part of the female reproductive system in flowers. It is sticky substance on its tip, so as to receive the pollen grains. Upon receiving pollen forms pollen tube to transport the male nucleus to the ovary. The stigma is attached to the ovary through a style. If the stigma is removed, the flower will not be able to receive any unwanted pollen and the desired pollen can be introduced artificially to perform the specific cross.
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Refer to the diagram What occurs at G1? What happens before G2? What is the name of that stage?
Answer:
Interphase is composed of G1 phase (cell growth), followed by S phase (DNA synthesis), followed by G2 phase (cell growth). At the end of interphase comes the mitotic phase, which is made up of mitosis and cytokinesis and leads to the formation of two daughter cells.
Explanation:
At the end of interphase comes the mitotic phase, which is made up of mitosis and cytokinesis and leads to the formation of two daughter cells.
Can someone please Help me out I really need the answers
1. List four structures in a eukaryotic animal cell that aren’t found in prokaryotic cells
2. Name two structures found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Answer:
Answer to question 1.
mitochondrialysosomesgolgi apparatusperoxisomesAnswer to question 2.
cell membranecytoplasmExplanation:
Nad is a coenzyme for many enzymes involved in redox reactions. this means that __________.
This implies that if NAD+ is not present, enzymes that need on it as a co-enzyme will not work properly.
Describe a coenzyme:Many enzymes need coenzymes, which are organic substances, for catalytic activity. They frequently contain vitamins or vitamin compounds. They can occasionally serve as catalysts in the absence of enzymes, however not as efficiently as when an enzyme is present.
How can coenzymes support enzymes?Coenzymes support the actions of enzymes in turn. To assist enzymes in carrying out their tasks, they bind to them in a loose manner. Coenzymes are organic, non-protein molecules that help an enzyme's catalysis, or reaction.
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Predict what happens to cell membrane composition in the brain of a wolf living in yellowstone national park with hot summers and cool winters.
The cell membrane fatty acid composition will not change between season.
Which of the are following are most likely to diffuse by the cell membrane?Phospholipids are made up of a single phosphate molecule that is often attached to the polar head group that defines the lipid group as well as a glycerol molecule bound to two lipid tails. These molecules have hydrophilic heads on a hydrophobic body.
It is likely that CO2 travels across the lipid bilayer far more quickly than any other molecule of these. Since CO2 only consists of three relatively tiny atoms and lacks a dipole moment, it is naturally predisposed to pass through the membrane quickly. There is no charge separation and a linear geometry since the two oxygens are joined by a double bond. The other compounds described are either significantly larger or both.
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Seasonal variations will not affect the fatty acid composition of cell membranes.
Which permeates a cell membrane?Diffusion is a key mechanism for material mobility inside cells and for vital tiny molecules to pass the cell membrane.
For tiny, neutral molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide, the cell membrane is only partially permeable. It selectively allows chemicals the cell requires, like glucose, amino acids, and others, to pass through.
Since the lipid bilayers are semi-permeable, certain molecules can diffuse through them while others cannot.
Gases and small hydrophobic molecules, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide, quickly traverse membranes.
Although they move more slowly, small polar molecules like water and ethanol can also cross membranes.
Only a select few simple molecules can pass through the cell membrane by diffusion, including water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen.
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complete the statements about the nature of scientific knowledge. among the different types of scientific knowledge, are likely to be modified or discarded most frequently. long ago, in the 1600s, scientists discarded the phlogiston theory because .
Among the different types of scientific knowledge, are likely to be modified or discarded most frequently. In the 1600s, scientists discarded the phlogiston theory because new evidence didn’t support it.
Phlogiston Theory
The phlogiston theory is a defunct scientific idea that proposed the existence of phlogiston, a fire-like element stored within combustible bodies and released after combustion. The name is derived from Ancient Greek. Johann Joachim Becher first introduced the notion in 1667, and Georg Ernst Stahl later formalised it. Phlogiston theory sought to explain chemical processes like combustion and rusting, which are now referred to as oxidation. It was challenged by the resulting weight gain, and it was abandoned before the end of the 18th century as a result of experiments by Antoine Lavoisier and others. Phlogiston theory led to tests, which resulted in the discovery of oxygen.
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Suggest reasons why the information represented in the pyramid of numbers of
animals of one of the ecosystems you studied may not truly represent that ecosystem.
One of the examined ecosystems' information depicted in the pyramid of animal counts may not accurately reflect that ecosystem because it is changing everyday.
Every form of plant and animal, as well as bacteria, viruses, and planktonic, aquatic, and marine creatures, as well as the ground and atmosphere, are considered to be a part of an ecosystem.
Because it only provides information on the amount of organic matter present at a given moment, not on productivity and turnover time, the information reflected in the pyramid of animal populations of one ecosystem may not accurately represent that ecosystem.
In one of the ecosystems researched, the information depicted in the pyramid of animal numbers may not accurately reflect that ecosystem since, as the ecology changes daily, the numbers would likewise be changing. Additionally, the figures would represent estimates rather than accurate counts of the organisms in the ecosystem.
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Which structural level is impacted by denaturing a protein containing a single polypeptide?
Denaturing a protein containing a single polypeptide has an effect on the protein's tertiary structure level.
What are polypeptides and its function?Polypeptides. Proteins are created by joining several amino acids together to form polypeptides. The bonding of two or more polypeptides results in the formation of proteins, which are then folded into the appropriate shape.
Hair and nails contain this protein. The other prevalent secondary structure is the sheet with -pleats.
How do proteins develop from polypeptides?Amino acids join together to form polypeptides, which are another name for proteins, through a chain of peptide bonds. The interactions (dashed lines) between the side chains of the polypeptide's amino acids will determine which conformation the polypeptide will fold into next.
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uwdbuwdbwubdbwl
Ah2e 2eh2eh 2dhbdausdas sudbaas
Answer:
Ascension Medical Group St. Vincent's Behavioral Health.
Explanation:
briefly describe the function of the four types of organic compounds.
1. carbohydrates. stores cellulose and provides structural support in plants (____), fungi, and arthropods (chitin)
2. lipids. can store long-term (____); provides waxy coatings (plant leaves/ear wax), makeup hormones, and steroids.
3. proteins. essential structural component of body tissues; (____) help catalyze (speed up) chemical reactions.
(number four doesn't matter)
The hormone that is primarily involved in the control of bone remodeling is calcitonin.
a. false
b. true
The given statement "The hormone that is primarily involved in the control of bone remodeling is calcitonin" is False. Other hormones such as the parathyroid hormone, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones etc. are all included in the control of bone remodeling and not calcitonin.
Is calcitonin a factor in the remodeling of bone?By preventing osteoclast activity, calcitonin hormone promotes osteoblast proliferation and prevents bone resorption.
Which hormones are involved in the remodeling of bones?PTH, or parathyroid hormone, plays a very significant role in bone remodeling. PTH levels that are too high can activate osteoclasts and lead to severe bone loss. Your blood’s calcium content causes the release of PTH.
Along with PTH, other hormones such as glucocorticoids, calcitriol, sex hormones and thyroid hormones are also included in this process of bone remodeling to some extent.
What is the function of calcitonin?The thyroid is a tiny, butterfly-shaped gland that is found close to the throat that produces the hormone calcitonin. Calcitonin on the other hand also aids in regulating the body’s usage of calcium.
One form of tumor marker is calcitonin. In reaction to the presence of cancer in the body, normal or cancerous cells produce some chemicals known as tumor markers.
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Asking questions to check your perceptions is called _____________. a. indirect perception checking b. observation c. filtering d. direct perception checking please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
Asking questions to check your perception is called d. direct perception.
According to the direct perception theory, the information that is required for perception is external to the observer, which means that one can directly sense an object established on the properties of the distal stimulation alone, unassisted by inference, recollections, the building of illustrations, or the effect of other cognitive operations.
For example, when an ape watches other apes advancing into a tree, grasping something, and then placing it into its mouth, this should be instantly sensed as feeding without the necessity for thought. The Intelligibility of this conduct is not only defined by species-specific biology but instead allowed by the attributes of the circumstances.
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Answer: D. "direct perception checking"
Explanation:
100% on edg
1) excess neurotransmitters are reabsorbed in a process known as reuptake; 2) synaptic vesicles release their neurotransmitters into the synapse; 3) action potential arrives at the terminal button; 4) neurotransmitters travel across the synapse; 5) neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the dendrites of the adjacent neuron; 6) the neuronal signal moves rapidly down the axon to the terminal buttons
The process takes place in the order 6, 3, 2, 4, 5, 1 :
6) the neuronal signal moves rapidly down the axon to the terminal buttons,
3) action potential arrives at the terminal button,
2) synaptic vesicles release their neurotransmitters into the synapse,
4) neurotransmitters travel across the synapse,
5) neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the dendrites of the adjacent neuron,
1) excess neurotransmitters are reabsorbed in a process known as reuptake
What is neurotransmitters?
To influence another cell across a synaptic gap, a neuron produces a chemical signaling agent known as a neurotransmitter. Any significant organ, target cell, gland, or muscle cell that receives the signal could be another neuron as well.
The neuronal signal moves rapidly down the axon to the terminal buttons and then action potential arrives at the terminal button. synaptic vesicles release their neurotransmitters into the synapse then neurotransmitters travel across the synapse and then neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the dendrites of the adjacent neuron. The excess neurotransmitters are reabsorbed in a process is known as reuptake.
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Which option identifies what the florist should save, rather than prune away in the following scenario?
A florist is trying to reduce the flowers that will grow on a rose bush, so that the remaining flowers will
be larger and will grow on long central stems suited to cutting.
O terminal bud <
O spur
O lateral bud
O Crown <
Note: it’s either A or D
A florist is trying to reduce the flowers that will grow on a rose bush , so that the remaining flowers will be larger and will grow on long central stems suited to cutting therefore the florist will save the terminal bud and is denoted as option A.
What is Terminal bud?This is the type of bud which is located as the ape-x of the stem and is responsible for all of its new growth. This is therefore the reason why it is known as the main bud of the plant.
In a situation whereby the florist wants to reduce the flowers that will grow on a rose bush, so that the remaining flowers will be larger, the florist will save the terminal bud which is therefore the reason why option C was chosen as the most appropriate choice.
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Hemoglobin is a protein that is destined to be exported from the cell in which it was created. what is the path of hemoglobin from creation to export?
The path of hemoglobin from creation to export are:
Hemoglobin transports O2 from lungs to repairing tissues, used for aerobic metabolism in mitochondriaO2 diffuses freely or binds to myoglobin aiding transport to mitochondria.CO2 is produced, carried back to lungs by hemoglobin or in the plasma as HCO3-What is haemoglobin?Haemoglobin is an iron-containing substance in red blood cells that transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. it consists of a
protein (globulin),haem (a porphyrin ring with an atom of iron at its centre).It can also be defined as an oxygen carrying compound found in human blood. It is found to contain 0.3335% iron by mass. It is already known that one molecule of hemoglobin contains four atoms of iron.
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A substance that accelerates any chemical reaction but is not consumed in the reaction is a
Answer:
Catalyst
Explanation:
A catalyst is a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction.
Answer:
catalyst
Explanation:
what is a cell and why is it important
Answer:
The smallest unit that can live on its own and that makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body
Answer:
Everything living in existence needs cells in order to operate on a daily basis. Cells have many parts, each with a different function. Some of these parts, called organelles, are specialized structures that perform certain tasks within the cell. Here are some of the major parts of the cell you may recognize from your high school textbook:
You may have heard the phrase “cells are the basic building blocks of life,” numerous times in school when growing up. This is because the human body is made up of trillions - yes, TRILLIONS - of cells. These cells carry out specialized functions such as providing structure for the body, taking in nutrients from food, and converting nutrients into energy.
Each and every cell is made up of many different parts, each with its own unique function to help the body get through the day. Some of the major parts of human cells include the cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, endoplasmic reticulum, the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes and peroxisomes, the nucleus, and mitochondria. You can help take better care of your cells so they can carry out their job easier largely through your diet and the nutrients you consume.
nutrients from croplands are carried by the mississippi river into the gulf of mexico. if nutrients are good for growth, why are scientists concerned about this nutrient influx? higher productivity may result in increased respiration by bacteria feeding on sinking algal material, depleting oxygen within gulf waters. the nutrient runoff depletes nitrate, which cannot be made industrially. higher productivity may support greater numbers of sharks. higher productivity may support greater diversity of phytoplankton species.
Higher productivity may result in increased respiration on sinking algal material, depleting oxygen within gulf waters.
What is respiration ?In terms of physiology, respiration is the transfer of oxygen from the external environment to the cells inside tissues and the removal of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction, that is, back into the external environment.
The biochemical definition of respiration, which describes a metabolic process through which an organism obtains energy (in the form of ATP and NADPH) by oxidizing nutrients and releasing waste products, is distinct from the physiological definition. Although cellular respiration and life as we know it in animals depend on physiologic respiration, the two processes are different: cellular respiration occurs within individual organism cells, whereas physiologic respiration deals with the diffusion and transport of metabolites between the organism and the outside environment.
By using both ventilation and perfusion, the lung exchanges gas.
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Which of the following characterizes best describe the chapparral?
Explanation: i hope this helps :)
Which of the following would contain membrane-bound organelles? (select all that apply)
Prokaryotic Cells
Bacteria Cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Plant Cell
Virus
Animal Cell
Answer: Eukaryotic cells
Explanation: Eukaryotic cells contain all membrane bounded organelles.
golgi bodies, mitochondria, nucleus, vacuoles etc
Some neurons have short axons that do not extend beyond the vicinity of the cell body. what are these called? .
a. golgi type ii neurons
b. golgi type i neurons
Answer:
a.Golgi type ii neurons
Explanation:
Golgi type ii neurons have few sparsely branching dendrites and dendritic stalked appendages with or without terminal swellings.
A biology student wanted to study the effect of fertilizer on the growth of tomato plants. He placed four of the same type of tomato plants into separate containers, each containing the same amount of soil. Each pot received a different watering solution, containing varying amounts of fertilizer.
The table below shows the average height of the plants by the end of one week.
Plant group Fertilizer amount (g) Avg height of plants (cm)
1 0 3.0
2 5 3.2
3 10 4.4
4 20 5.0
What is the independent variable in this experiment?
Choose 1 answer
A The type of tomato plant
B
The amount of fertilizer
C
The height of the plants
D The amount of soil provided
The amount of soil provided is referred to as the independent variable in this experiment and is denoted as option D.
What is Independent variable?This is defined as a type of variable which doesn't change and is not influenced by other variables in the experiment.
In thus scenario, we were told that there was difference in the tomato plants and fertilizer as well as the watering which means they are dependent variable. The fixed variable is the amount of soil provided which is the reason why option D was chosen as the correct choice.
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Trans fatty acids are now considered more atherogenic than saturated fatty acids because they ________. group of answer choices
Trans fatty acids are now considered more atherogenic than saturated fatty acids because they lower HDL cholesterol(good cholesterol) and they raise LDL cholesterol( bad cholesterol).
What are trans fatty acids?Trans fatty acids are thought to be more atherogenic than saturated fatty acids because they diminish high-density lipoproteins (HDL) while increasing low-density lipoproteins (LDL) to a level comparable to that of saturated fats.
Why HDL is considered good cholesterol and LDL bad cholesterol?Because a healthy amount of HDL cholesterol may prevent heart attack and stroke, it is sometimes referred to as the "good" cholesterol. LDL (bad) cholesterol is transported by HDL from the arteries back to the liver, where it is metabolized and eliminated from the body.
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4. Which has a higher concentration, 100 mL of water with 1 gram of sugar dissolved, or 100 mL of water with 10 grams of sugar dissolved?
5. Recall from Unit 1 that a solution is made up of a solute and a solvent.
What are the definitions of these two terms?
Solution:
Solvent:
6. When substances diffuse, they move from an area of ___________ concentration to an area of _________________ concentration.
7. True / False: In diffusion, no additional energy is required by the cell.
8. What is dynamic equilibrium?
9. What are two types of materials that move across a membrane by facilitated diffusion?
10. What general type of cell transport does not require any energy from the cell?
4. 100 mL of water with 10 grams of sugar dissolved has a higher concentration.
5. Solution is a solvent with dissolved solute. A solvent is a substance capable of dissolving a solute to form a solution.
6. Diffused substances move from areas of higher concentrations to areas of lower concentrations.
7. No energy is needed in simple diffusion.
8. Dynamic equilibrium is also known as moving equilibrium.
9. ions and amino acids
10. Passive transports
Cellular transportationA 100 mL of water with 1 gram of sugar dissolved has a lower concentration than 100 ml of water with 10 grams of sugar dissolved. The latter contains more dissolved solute.
A solution is formed when a solvent dissolves a solute. A solvent is just a substance capable of dissolving solutes to form solutions.
When a substance diffuses spontaneously, it moves from areas of higher to areas of lower concentration. If it happens otherwise, such a diffusion has become facilitated.
Simple diffusions do not require energy. However, facilitated diffusion may require energy in the form of ATP.
Dynamic equilibrium occurs when substances keep moving to and from one region to another without any net movement.
Materials that are capable of moving across a membrane by facilitated diffusion include ions, carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleosides, etc.
Cell transports that do not require energy are said to be passive. Alternatively, they are active when they require energy.
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