163lin jl, br coolman: atlantoaxial subluxation in two dogs with cervical block vertebrae. j am anim hosp assoc. 45:305 2009 19887390

Answers

Answer 1

Dogs who suffer from atlantoaxial (AA) subluxation may experience varying degrees of neurological impairments. A block vertebra is a congenital deformity in which two or more vertebrae fuse together.

Two canines with cervical block vertebrae from C(2) to C(5) and C(2) to C(4), respectively, are described. Our theory is that these canines were more susceptible to traumatic AA subluxation because the fused cervical vertebrae caused a "fulcrum effect" at the AA joint.

What signs would point to atlantoaxial subluxation?

Although atlantoaxial subluxation is typically asymptomatic, it can occasionally result in intermittent cervical spinal cord compression, occipital headaches, and vague neck pain.

How is atlantoaxial subluxation corrected?In addition to symptomatic relief, cervical immobilization is used in treatment, typically starting with a hard cervical collar. Treatment urgency is typically determined by symptoms or the appearance of aberrant cord tissue on an MRI in susceptible people.Atlantoaxial subluxation is how frequent?

They discovered that 2% of patients additionally exhibited vertical atlantoaxial subluxation in addition to the 21% of patients who had anterior displacement of the atlas on the axis (atlantoaxial subluxation).

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Related Questions

Going into the final stage of aerobic respiration, how many energy molecules have been created from one glucose molecule?.

Answers

4 molecules of ATP have been created from one glucose molecule going into the final stage of aerobic respiration.

The three steps of aerobic respiration utilize glucose to make ATP. The glycolytic pathway produces two ATP molecules, while the tricarboxylic acid cycle produces another two. Hence, 4 ATP molecules are produced going to the final stage of aerobic respiration.

The electron transport chain is the ultimate stage of aerobic respiration. A total of 32 extra ATP molecules are generated by electron transport from NADH and FADH2 molecules produced by glycolysis, pyruvate transformation, and the Krebs cycle. As a result, during cellular respiration, up to 36 molecules of ATP may be created from only one molecule of glucose.

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A group of students participated in a lab to investigate the effects of osmosis. On day-
soaked the egg in vinegar for 24 hours to remove its shell.
On day 2, the students massed the
shell-
less egg and placed the egg in corn syrup to soak for 24 hours. On day 3, the students
removed the egg from the corn syrup, massed the egg, and then placed the egg in disti
soak for 24 hours.
The results are summarized in the table below.

Answers

Answer:

again egg and increase in size

Answer: The egg will swell and continue to gain mass.

Explanation:

Trapped oil can be discovered by geologists and extracted through __________.

Multiple choice question.
cross out

A)
mining

cross out

B)
drilling

cross out

C)
excavating

cross out

D)
climbing

Answers

Answer:

I think it is c

Explanation:

Which component is missing from the process of cellular respiration?



________ + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy

Answers

Answer:

The answer is glucose

Explanation:

Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide +Water + Energy

if you think about it it is just photosynthesis backwards

What are the various functions of proteins embedded in the cell membrane?

Answers

Answer:

Proteins embedded within the phospholipid bilayer carry out the specific functions of the plasma membrane, including selective transport of molecules and cell-cell recognition.

Explanation:

Proteins embedded within the phospholipid bilayer carry out the specific functions of the plasma membrane, including selective transport of molecules and cell-cell recognition :)

The visible spectrum of light that humans see is merely a narrow portion of the larger spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. please select the best answer from the choices provided t f

Answers

This statement is True the visible spectrum of light that humans perceive is only a small fraction of the wider spectrum of electromagnetic energy.

Why is electromagnetic important?

There are numerous major scientific and technological uses for electromagnetics. To create desired magnetic fields, it is utilized in numerous electrical products. In order to create magnetic fields that will allow electromagnetic induction to happen, it is even utilized in electric generators.

What are five electromagnetic examples?

Electromagnetic energy examples include:

Radio frequency.Microwaves.The infrared spectrum.All of the hues in the visible spectrum are considered to be light.Ultraviolet radiation.

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I understand that the question you are looking for is:

The visible spectrum of light that humans see is merely a narrow portion of the larger spectrum of electromagnetic radiation True/False

algor mortis is the gradual cooling of the body after death until it reaches the temperature of the air around it.

Answers

it is true that algor mortis is the gradual cooling of the body after death until it reaches the temperature of the air around it.

What is algor mortis?

The gradual cooling of the body after death until it reaches the temperature of the surrounding air is known as algor mortis.

For forensic autopsies, the cause of death is frequently self harm or homicide, rather than disease or other natural causes.

Fresh, early decomposition, advanced decomposition, skeletonization, and extreme decomposition are the five stages of decomposition.

The early decomposition phase is marked by skin slippage and hair loss.

Thus, the given statement is true.

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The Co2 you breath out comes out of which process?

Answers

respiration :). hope that helped

Answer:

cell respiration

Explanation:

The carbon dioxide breathed out is a by-product of the process of cell respiration, as is water. In this process, energy is produced in the mitochondria of cells.

Describe the impact of cutting down OR burning large areas of forest on the recycling of Carbon

Answers

Answer:

When forests are cut down, a large portion of the stored carbon is released back into the atmosphere as CO2. Deforestation and forest degradation contribute to global warming in this way.

Explanation:

When forests are cut down, burned, or otherwise removed, they emit carbon rather than absorb it. Deforestation and forest degradation account for approximately 15% of total greenhouse gas emissions. These greenhouse gas emissions contribute to rising temperatures, shifting weather and water patterns, and an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events.Climate change can have an impact on forest creatures by altering their habitats and decreasing the availability of food and water. Some will be able to adapt by shifting to higher elevations or latitudes, but species loss is possible.

A cell begins to produce a new type of protein. This is most likely due to an alteration of the 1 point structure of the cell membrane sequence of bases in a section of a chromosome chemical makeup of the cytoplasm shape of the antibodies produced by the nucleus

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - sequence of bases in a section of a chromosome

Explanation:

Protein synthesis is possible due to the nitrogenous base sequence of DNA molecules that acts as the template for the synthesis of the RNA molecule which moves to the cytoplasm and produces the Protein molecules from the sequence of mRNA that codes for specific amino acids according to the triplet codes.

So, the DNA or chromosomes are responsible for the synthesis of specific protein production and if there is any change in the sequence of bases in the DNA section it will lead to a new type of protein.

What advantage does having a myelin sheath produced by Schwann cells have for the impulse?

Answers

Answer:

Spontaneous repair of peripheral nerves is made possible by Schwann cells, which surround the nerve fibers with an insulating layer, myelin. This fatty layer protects the nerves and increases the speed of transmission of nerve impulses.

Explanation:

Schwann cells are small elements that are created in order to form a layer around the axon of the nerves of the peripheral system. These cells surround the axon by an extensive layer of myelin that is discontinued by the presence of Ranvier's node. Myelin is a single cell organelle, a modified extension of the plasma membrane of the Schwann cell in the peripheral nerve. Its elaboration depends on the regulated expression of a set of genes in the myelinating glia, for which the Schwann cells require axonal contact, as well as to maintain the expression of these genes. Myelin acts as an electrical insulator that facilitates the conduction of the nerve impulse, it helps when the axons must regenerate, that is, when there is some injury or disease that prevents cell transmission. The goal is to help the nerve regenerate and grow again to reach the target tissues. Once the nerve is repaired, the cell regains its ability to produce myelin to cover the nerve with the insulating layer and allow the correct transmission of nerve impulses.

Many soil-dwelling bacteria produce molecules that can be naturally synthesized and kill other species of bacteria. What are these bacteria-killing molecules called?.

Answers

The correct answer is antibiotics. Antibiotics are the bacteria-killing molecules that Many soil-dwelling bacteria produce.

Antibiotics are potent medicines that fight certain infections and, when used correctly, can save lives. They either prevent bacteria from reproducing or kill them. White blood cells (WBCs) attack harmful bacteria, and even if symptoms appear, the immune system is usually able to cope with and fight off the infection. However, there are times when the number of harmful bacteria is excessive, and the immune system is unable to combat them all. Antibiotics come in handy in this situation. Penicillin was the first antibiotic. Penicillin-based antibiotics, such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, and penicillin G, are still available and have been used for a long time to treat a variety of infections.

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themeli, m. et al. generation of tumor-targeted human t lymphocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells for cancer therapy. nat. biotechnol.31, 928–933 (2013)

Answers

In adoptive T-cellular therapy for cancer and infectious diseases is hampered by way of the shortage of effectively to be had, antigen-particular, human T lymphocytes.

Pluripotent stem cells should provide an infinite source of T lymphocytes, but the therapeutic potential of human pluripotent stem cellular-derived lymphoid cells generated so far remains uncertain. right here we combine triggered pluripotent stem mobile and chimeric antigen receptor technologies to generate human T lymphocytes cells focused, an antigen expressed by means of malignant B cells, in tissue subculture.

T lymphocyte cells potently inhibit tumor increase in a xenograft model. This method of generating healing human T cells in the dish may be useful for cancer immunotherapy and other scientific packages.

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The movement of molecules into the cell through transport proteins in the cell membrane is a type of what

Answers

Answer:

diffusion

Explanation:

Good luck!

Explain what would happen if a plant did NOT have xylem.

Answers

Xylem is a water-conducting tissue in plants. It transports water from the roots to the different parts of the plant. If the xylem of the plant is removed, upward movement of water will stop leading to wilting of leaves and ultimately causes the death of a plant.

Xylem transports water and minerals in plants from roots up to the stem, to the leaves. If Xylem is removed from a plant, the plant will not be able to transport water to leaves, hindering various processes like photosynthesis, transpiration, growth etc. The plant will initially wilt and then ultimately die.

intradermal-delivered dna vaccine induces durable immunity mediating a reduction in viral load in a rhesus macaque sars-cov-2 challenge model

Answers

The SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a significant global impact on social and economic infrastructures as well as public health.

Here, study examined the immunogenicity and anamnestic protective effectiveness of INO-4800, a SARS-CoV-2 spike DNA vaccine that is currently undergoing clinical trials, in rhesus macaques. Immunization with INO-4800 stimulated T cell responses and produced antibodies that bind to spike antigen and RBD with ADCP and ADCD activity. The SARS-CoV-2 pseudotypes D614 and G614 were both neutralized by animal serum. Animals exposed to SARS-CoV-2 several months after immunization demonstrated a quick recall of anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein T cell and neutralizing antibody responses.

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How are resources allocated?

Answers

Answer:

In economics, resource allocation is the assignment of available resources to various uses. In the context of an entire economy, resources can be allocated by various means, such as markets, or planning.

Explanation:

Hope this helps :)

Most autotrophs convert the sun's energy into chemical energy that is stored in macromolecules, which they then use to ____ and ____.

Answers

Answer:

provide structural support ,  speed biochemical reactions

Explanation:

How do sand particles compare to other types of soil particles? A. They are warmer. B. They are smaller. C. They are wetter. D. They are larger.​

Answers

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Cell divisions within the stratum __________ replace more superficial cells which eventually die and fall off.

Answers

Cell divisions within the stratum germinativum replace more superficial cells which eventually die and fall off.

The stratum germinativum, also known as the stratum basale, is the deepest layer of the epidermis and provides the germ cells that are necessary for the regeneration process of the epidermal layers, replacing the more superficial cells that end up dying and falling off.

What is a cell?

A cell is the most basic and smallest form of life that exists in a living being, its parts are the membrane, the cytoplasm and the organelles including the nucleus.

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Name the phase of mitosis

Answers

Answer:

its either telophase or metaphase. i think its closer to telophase though since it has the cleavage furrow.

Explanation:

If the weather map below shows today's forecast, how is the weather in
the two cities pictured most likely going to change in the next 24 hours?

Answers

Is there supposed to be a picture or something? Oh and HI BABEYDOLL

Ok that was weird- Imao

A scientist is studying specialized cells that help pump blood. Which cells is she most likely studying?

neurons, which are a type of muscle cell
cardiac cells, which are a type of muscle cell
epithelial cells, which are a type of blood cell
white blood cells, which are a type of blood cell

Answers

Answer:

Cell specialization, also known as cell differentiation, is the process by which generic cells change into specific cells meant to do certain tasks within the body. Cell specialization is most important in the development of embryos.

Explanation:

Neurons. Neurons are specialized cells that carry messages within the human brain

Muscle Cells. Muscle cells make movement possible

Sperm Cells. Specialized sperm cells are necessary for human reproduction

Red Blood Cells

Leukocyte. and those are some

Can you please help me

Answers

Answer:

i see this was posted 3 days ago, do you still need help with this question?

Explanation:

What happens to the number of chromosomes for species that go through sexual reproduction?

Answers

Answer:

In the first stage of sexual reproduction, "meiosis", "the number of chromosomes is reduced from a diploid number (2n) to a haploid number (n)" . During "fertilisation", haploid gametes come together to form a diploid zygote, and the original number of chromosomes is restored.

Hope this helps!

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What is the complementary DNA sequence for GCCAACTT?

Answers

Answer:

CGGTTGAA

Explanation:

C matches with G

G matches with C

T matches with A

A matches with T.

2. Curly hair is recessive (s), and straight hair is dominant (S). A woman with curly hair (ss) marries a man who is a true breeder for straight hair (SS). What percentage of their children will have curly hair, and what percentage of them will have straight hair?





% Curly-

% Straight-

Answers

Curly 0%
Straight 100% or
Curly 25% and straight 75%
Curly -50
Straight-50

Which sentence below is properly punctuated? a. Please, Sasha, come home, as soon as you can. b. I need sugar, butter, and eggs, from the grocery store. c. We will grant you immunity if you decide to cooperate with us. Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C

Answers

Answer:

It's answer b.

Explanation:

It should be b I think

in the study described in the passage, the injection of adrenaline is acting in a manner most analagous to:

Answers

In the study described in the passage, the injection of adrenaline is acting in a manner most analagous to Unconditioned stimuli.

What is conditioned and unconditioned stimulus?Unconditioned stimulus are those for which the individual has not undergone conditioning; they cause a certain response to emerge organically. An unconditioned stimulus is one that elicits an intuitive response. In Pavlov's experiment, the meal functioned as the unconditioned stimulus. A reflexive response to a stimuli is referred to as an unconditioned response. In Pavlov's experiment, the dogs' unconditioned response was their salivation for food.Despite the fact that the individuals have not been trained to respond in such way, an adrenaline injection encourages a response. When combined with an unconditioned stimulus, a conditioned stimulus—which by definition does not ordinarily elicit a response—can gradually train people to react similarly.

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Why do concentration gradients exist?

A.To differentiate the organelles from the molecules.
B. To contrast between the high and low concentration of molecules.
C. For cells to reach exocytosis
D. For molecules to undergo facilitated diffusion.

Answers

B. To contrast between the high and low concentration of molecules.

for example a solution with a higher solute concentration than the inside of the cell is called hypertonic

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