An amino acid with a carboxyl (C=O) group is replaced by an amino acid with an hydroxyl (O-H) group.
All amino acids have a core carbon backbone, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a variable side chain that determines the amino acid type. In the case of alanine, the side chains may be methyl groups, whereas in the case of cysteine, they could be sulfhydryl groups.
The presence of a carboxyl or hydroxyl group on an amino acid's side chain improves its hydrophilicity. Thus, replacing an amino acid with a carboxyl (C=O) group with an amino acid with a hydroxyl (O-H) group would have the least effect on protein function since both groups contribute approximately equally to the polarity of such amino acids.
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Why are domestic fuel sources preferable to international fuel sources?
A.
Domestic fuels do not require combustion.
B.
Acquiring fuels from abroad can pose a national security risk.
C.
Domestic fuels are always cheaper to acquire and renewable.
D.
International fuels will run out before domestic fuels.
Answer: Domestic fuels are always cheaper to acquire and renewable.
Explanation:
When a rat enters a skinner box, it has to learn to press a lever to get food. At the very beginning of this process, it is rewarded with food when it is in the vicinity of the lever. Then it is rewarded when it touches the lever, and so on. This technique of rewarding successive approximations of a desired behavior is called?.
This technique of rewarding successive approximations of the desired behavior is called operant conditioning.
Operant conditioning is a method of instrumental conditioning that is a famous theory in psychology.
This theory was given by B.F. Skinner who conducted experiments to understand and modify the behavior of humans and other organisms.
In this method, reward and punishment are used to modify an object's behavior.
To reinforce a particular behavior, rewards are more likely used while punishments rarely occur.
The above example describes the use of operant conditioning in a lab experiment.
However, it is not only limited to labs but also in structured environments such as classrooms.
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Suppose actively dividing eukaryotic cells were treated with a chemical that blocks the activity of the enzyme telomerase. What would happen to these cells?.
If actively dividing eukaryotic cells were treated with a chemical that blocks the activity of the enzyme telomerase, then these cells would lose DNA at the ends of the chromosomes over many generations.
In the field of science, telomerase is the enzyme that is responsible for maintaining the proper length of an enzyme by helping in the formation of a repetitive sequence known as telomer.
Without telomeres, sections of DNA will be removed from the ends of chromosomes continuously. Genes involved in important functions in the body can be lost from the chromosomes and hence can lead to serious consequences. The integrity of the DNA will not be maintained if the eukaryotic cells were treated with a chemical that blocks the activity of the enzyme telomerase.
Also, it is due to telomerase activity that the ends of the DNA are replicated. Without it, the ends will not replicate and DNA will be lost over many generations.
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In the following explanation, which two body systems are working together to help maintain balanced blood sugar levels?
When sugar levels in your bloodstream drop, your pancreas releases a hormone called glucagon. This makes your liver break down the glycogen into glucose which can then make its way into your cells where it can be used for cellular respiration.
A. Circulatory and Integumentary
Systems
B. Muscular and Skeletal Systems
C. Endocrine and Circulatory Systems
D. Skin and Respiratory Systems
The two organ systems involved in balanced blood sugar levels are the Endocrine and Circulatory Systems (Option C is correct).
What are organ systems?An organ system can be defined as a group of organs specialized to perform a particular function such as the endocrine system which specializes to release hormones in the bloodstream, or the circulatory system which works to transport materials across all regions of the human body. These systems work together to carry out major body functions.
In conclusion, the two organ systems involved in balanced blood sugar levels are the Endocrine and Circulatory Systems (Option C is correct).
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Macronutrient recommendations for athletes, such as carbohydrates, are best expressed in what way due to the high amount of calories athletes need to consume?.
Directional selection can be distinguished from disruptive selection by _______. a. the elimination of extreme variations of traits b. selection for two extreme variations of a trait c. the preservation of gene frequencies d. selection for one extreme variation of a trait
Directional selection can be distinguished from disruptive selection by selection for one extreme variation of a trait.
Disruptive choice (uncountable) a type of natural selection when extreme levels for a trait are preferred over intermediate values, leading to the development of diverse adaptations in different subpopulations of the same species within the same habitat.
Darker oysters would mix better into shadows, whereas lighter oysters would blend into the rocks in the shallows. Both backdrops would be visible to the ones in the middle of the range, giving those oysters no advantage and making them easier prey.
When individuals with intermediate phenotypes are less fit than those with both higher and lower phenotypes, disruptive selection takes place and favours the extremes. If there are two different food sources or predators with different preferences, such as different prey sizes, this can happen.
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Answer:
d
Explanation:
Natural chemicals in the brain that produce effects similar to those of morphine and other opium-derived drugs are called.
Answer:The answer is endorphins.
Explanation:Please give brainliest if right.
2a. Meiosis is the process where males and females make sex cells, sperm cells for males and eggs
for females. A previously unknown cub # 421 Is determined to be a sibling to cub # 416. Based on your
understanding of meiosis and the previous data table, predict one possible combination of alleles for
this new cub.
Genes
Cub # 421
FCA26
FCA45
FCA77
FCA96
Meiosis is a manner in which a unmarried mobileular divides two times to provide 4 cells containing 1/2 of the unique quantity of genetic statistics. These cells are our intercourse cells – sperm in males, eggs in females.
Meiosis is a form of mobileular department that reduces the quantity of chromosomes withinside the figure mobileular via way of means of 1/2 of and produces 4 gamete cells. This manner is needed to provide egg and sperm cells for sexual reproduction.The motive of meiosis is to provide gametes, or intercourse cells. During meiosis, 4 daughter cells are produced, every of which might be haploid (containing 1/2 of as many chromosomes because the figure mobileular).
Meiosis is the manner that creates gametes (eggs and sperm). The mobileular divides two times, growing four particular daughter cells that incorporate 1/2 of (haploid) of the genetic statistics of the figure mobileular. Somatic cells are frame cells and they're produced thru mitosis.
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Glucose is normally moved from the intestinal lumen into the intestinal epithelial by active transport assuming that this transport mechanism is dysfunctional during a virus infection, propose a mechanism to explain why Pedialyte is useful as a treatment for children with a flu
Hydration is common advice when you get sick with the cold or the flu this mechanism will work just fine when the glucose transport is dysfunctional
Children and adults can both consume Pedialyte over the counter to rehydrate. Drinking enough water is conventional advice when you have the flu or a cold.
Depending on who is advising you, consuming water, tea, or the occasional Pedialyte regularly will aid in your recovery and reduce your symptoms. It's among the safest and most efficient therapies for mild to moderate dehydration.
If you've lost a lot of fluids, it works better than drinking merely water because it contains electrolytes.
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What are two things prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have?
Answer:
All cells have a plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, and DNA
Explanation:
what is most likely to increase rates of gene flow for a benthic (bottom dwelling) marine invertebrate? a. increased lifespan of planktonic larvae b. greater maximum age reached by adults c. stronger natural selection for camouflage color patterns d. greater maximum age reached by adults e. i don’t know the answer
The most likely reason to increase the rates of gene flow for a benthic (bottom dwelling) marine invertebrate is; (a) increased lifespan of planktonic larvae.
Gene flow is the heredity of genes from one population into the another one. This happens by mating between two organisms of the two populations. If the gene flow between the populations is very high, then the two populations can be considered equivalent to one.
Planktons are the marine microorganisms. They form a very important part of the aquatic food chain. These can perform movement on their own, hence are non-motile. The meaning of the work Plankton in Greek is drifter.
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Use the drop down menus to answer the questions. in what type of plate boundary did subduction occur? in what type of plate boundary did new crust form? in what type of plate boundary did mountains form? in what type of plate boundary did volcanoes form? in what type of plate boundary did a river change its path?
The plate boundry for subduction can be convergent plate boundries.
How do plate boundaries form, and what occurs there?Divergent borders, where fresh crust is produced as the plates separate. As one plate slides under another, the crust is destroyed at convergent borders. Plates glide past each other horizontally at transform borders, where crust is neither created nor destroyed.
Subduction occur in convergent plate boundries, Divergent boundries creates a new crust by magma pushing up from the mantle, convergent plate boundries formed mountain in which two plates are moving one another, Volcanoes form are produced by two boundries Divergent and convergent plate boundries and divergent boundries where river changes its path.
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Answer: Convergent boundary, Divergent boundary, Convergent boundary, Convergent boundary, Transform boundary
Explanation:
Flowering plants are first seen in fossils formed during the:
Answer:
Cretaceous period (aka the Mesozoic era)
Explanation:
One way to find the earliest flowering plant would be to find the earliest fossil of one. So far this has been from around 125 million years ago, in the Cretaceous period. Once flowering plants start appearing in the fossil record, they diversify rapidly.
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Which of the following substances tastes bitter and tends to produce hydroxide ions (OH) when mixed with water?
Answer:
bases
Explanation:
what macromolecules are these? Help me please
The macromolecules given are as follows:
1 is Lipid2 is a disaccharide3 is adenine4 is a monosaccharide5 is polypeptide6 is nucleic acidWhat are macromolecules?Macromolecules are those large molecules found in living organisms which play several important roles to ensure the continuous survival of the organism in its environment.
Macromolecules found in living organisms include the following:
proteinscarbohydrateslipidsnucleic acids, etc.The macromolecules are built up from smaller molecules or repeating monomers of the same compound.
For example carbohydrate macromolecules are built up from monosaccharide monomers such as glucose, and fructose. Also, carbohydrates may be disaccharides or oligosaccharides.
Proteins are polypeptides built up from amino acids monomers.
There are 20 different amino acids which are used in making proteins.
The bond linking two or more amino acids together are called peptide bonds, hence, proteins are called polypeptides. For example, when two amino acids are linked together, a dipeptide if formed.
Lipids are built of fatty acids and glycerol. Other lipids include cholesterol and other steroid lipids.
Nucleic acid are built up from sugars monomers, nitrogenous bases and phosphate group moieties.
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The organelle that consists of a stack of 3-10 membranous discs associated with vesicles is the: ________
Answer:
1.The organelle that consists of a stack of 3-10 membranous discs associated with vesicles are
golpi apparatus.
3. Summarize the reproductive strategies of r-strategists and k-strategists
for ensuring continuation of their species.
R stands for the slope of the graph depicting exponential growth in the equations that describe the growth of different organisms. The capacity factor of an ecosystem for individuals belonging to a specific type of creature is symbolised by the letter K.
Ecologists have also used the phrases "r-selection" and "K-selection" to refer to diverse organisms' growth and reproduction processes. Larger, more enduring, producing fewer progeny at a time, and displaying logistic growth are characteristics of K-selected species. R-selected taxa are those that live shorter lives, are typically smaller, have a large number of offspring, and have exponential growth. The terms "r-strategy" and "K-strategy" come from population biology mathematics and designate two points on a continuum where gamete production and longevity engage in a compensating exchange (the K-strategy). Depending on the local conditions at any particular time, many species choose an intermediate strategy or even other strategies altogether. In reality, an organism that can switch between a r- and a K-strategy may be the most suitable organism overall because of its capacity for adaptation, which enables survival under a wider range of circumstances.
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When working on a biology assignment, josh was using information from his textbook to answer questions on the immune system. Because it was his first time learning about the immune system, josh had not yet learned or memorized any of the information. Josh has not consolidated this new information about the immune system into his?.
When working on a biology assignment, Josh was using information from his textbook to answer questions on the immune system. Because it was his first time learning about the immune system, josh had not yet learned or memorized any of the information. Josh has not consolidated this new information about the immune system into his long-term memory.
In the field of science, long-term memory is the ability of the mind to store a piece of information for longer durations, probably for months, years, or a lifetime. An extended memory of the brain is the long-term memory. On the other hand, short-term memory tends to remain in the brain for a few seconds or minutes.
By learning something, we tend to store information in our long-term memory. As Josh was looking at the immune system for the first time, his mind had not formed a long-term memory for it in order to remember it. In order to learn or memorize the topic, Josh has to consolidate information on the immune system mentioned in the textbook in his long-term memory.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
When working on a biology assignment, josh was using information from his textbook to answer questions on the immune system. Because it was his first time learning about the immune system, josh had not yet learned or memorized any of the information. Josh has not consolidated this new information about the immune system into his?
short-term memory
working memory
long-term memory
episodic memory
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Draw two diagrams that show the food chains for both the experimental and control plots. Include interactions among predatory beetles (if present), ants, caterpillars, and piper plants.
Draw two diagrams that show the food chains for both the experimental and control plots. piper plants will be control group, predatory beetles (if present), ants, caterpillars are experimental group.
what is food chain ?Food chain is sequential events of organisms which starts with producer and ends with decomposer species where as Food web is a cyclical network involve in different steps like multiple number of food chains.
These food chain directs in a single path which defines how organisms are connected with each other.
Both Food chain and food web are the integrated part of the ecosystem, food chain is single pathway from the producers to the consumers .
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Match these items.
1. common edible mushroom
Agaricus bisporis
2. produces common antibiotic
Penicillium chrysogenum
3. baker's yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4. elm tree parasite
Ceratocystis ulmi
the answers are under them but for a easier answer is 1234 from top to bottom.
A common edible mushroom is Agaricus bisropis. Penicillium hypogeum is a common antibiotic.
What are organisms?There are many organisms in the world such as fungi, bacteria, and many other organisms.
A common edible mushroom is Agaricus bisropis. It is a common basidiomycete. It is a heterotroph. Penicillium chysogenum is a commonly occurring mold and is used as an antibiotic.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae is commonly used as baker's yeast. It is used in making bread, and cakes. Elm tree parasite is Ceratocystis ulmi
Therefore, A common edible mushroom is Agaricus bisropis. Penicillium hypogeum is a common antibiotic.
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Complete the food chain below. Fill in each circle with one of the organisms in Word Bank A. Next,
identify the role of each type of organism in the food chain by writing a label from Word Bank B on
the lines below the circles. Then, use the percentages in Word Bank C to show how much energy
is transferred to each organism on the lines above the circles.
Word Bank A:
Word Bank B:
Word Bank C:
bird
big fish
decomposers
decomposers herbivore
10%
small fish
primary producer
100%
algae
carnivore
0.1%
1%
The food chain for the ecosystem is;
primary producer -------> herbivore -------> Decomposer -----> Algae
What is food chain?The term food chain has to do with the movement of energy across the ecosystem. Let us recall that the ecosystem is a self sustaining unit in which there is an exchange of materials and energy. This implies that there must be a transfer of energy between the living and the non living parts of the ecosystem. The living parts of the ecosystem are the plants and the animals while the non living parts of the ecosystem are the climatic and the edaphic factors in the ecosystem.
Having said this, we are now to fil in the food chain. The food chain shows the relationship between the organisms in an ecosystem. It then follows that there is a 10% drop in energy as it is passed on from one trophic level to the next.
The food chain therefore is;
primary producer -------> herbivore -------> Decomposer -----> Algae
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Explain what change occurred with the moth population after the industrial revolution
The moth population is an evolutionary example of directional color change in the moth population as a consequence of air pollution during the Industrial Revolution. The frequency of dark-colored moths increased around this time, an example of industrial melanism.
What is the function of the moth?Lepidoptera, a group to which butterflies and moths belong, are important elements in nature. They serve as food for a multitude of animals, control populations of invasive plants and, especially, promote plant pollination.
What is the difference between moths and butterflies?Butterflies leave their wings together in an upright position when they are at rest. But moths leave their wings open, extended horizontally over the body. Finally, we can also differentiate them by their antennas. Butterflies have clavate antennae, that is, thin with a dilated tip.
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The structure which regulates what enters and leaves the cell is called (surrounds the cell)
a: the nucleus
b: the cell wall
c: the nuclear membrane
d: the cell membrane
Answer:
D. The cell membrane
Explanation:
The cell membrane, also called the plasma membrane, is found in all cells and separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
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Explain the difference between scientific knowledge coming from experts and scientific knowledge coming from the peer-review process .
The peer review process not only provides excellent expert recommendations, but it also serves as a strong incentive for authors to improve the quality of their paper.
Wat is peer review?Peer review is the process of work by one or more people who have similar competencies to the work's producers. It serves as a form of self-regulation by qualified members of the relevant profession.
Scientific knowledge is a body of trustworthy new information about the physical world. It is obtained through an intensive data collection, experimentation, and analysis process.
Scientific knowledge is a generalized body of laws and theories developed through the scientific method to explain a phenomenon or behavior of interest.
Theories are systematic explanations of the underlying phenomenon or behavior, whereas laws are observed patterns of phenomena or behaviors.
Thus, this is the difference in the given scenario.
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Which is not a similarity between terrestrial and aquatic pyramids? a. both have producers as the base that can harvest the sun’s energy to make food b. both types still consist of producers, herbivores, and carnivores c. both types of energy pyramids contain the same species of organisms d. both types contain a decreasing number of organisms going from the bottom to the top of the pyramid please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
The option that is not a similarity between terrestrial and aquatic pyramids is c. both types of energy pyramids contain the same species of organisms.
The organisms living on land and those living in water are different from each other. As specific adaptations are required for organisms to survive on land and water hence these organisms are completely different from each other and do not belong to the same species.
The structural differences such as the presence of gills, having a streamlined body, no legs, etc are some of the qualities that are found in aquatic organisms. On the other hand, terrestrial organisms have to breathe through their lungs, and usually have legs along with various other adaptations to survive on land.
Hence, as both aquatic and terrestrial organisms have completely different adaptations to survive in their environments, they do not belong to the same species of organisms.
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Why are scientists able to learn about the ancient atmosphere by studying the rocks that came into contact with the ancient atmosphere?
Answer: This is because the layers of these rocks were laid down at a very important period in the history of Earth's atmosphere. They formed at the same time that oxygen gas began to accumulate, or build up, in the atmosphere. So scientists study these rocks in order to learn about that time period.
Explanation:
Starting at the mouth and moving towards the anus, what is the correct order of the organs of the gi tract?.
Starting at the mouth and moving towards the anus, what is the correct order of the organs of the GI tract is oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine.
The GI tract is made up of a number of interconnected hollow organs that extend from your mouth to your anus.The oesophagus, which is situated in your throat close to your trachea, accepts food from your mouth when you swallow. When you swallow, a little flap called the epiglottis drapes across your windpipe to keep you from choking. Food enters your stomach by a process called peristalsis, which involves a sequence of muscle contractions in the oesophagus.The small intestine, which consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, is a muscular tube measuring 22 feet in length and used to break down food utilising pancreatic enzymes and bile from the liver. Additionally, peristalsis moves food through this organ while combining it with pancreatic fluids for digestion.To learn more about oesophagus.
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What is the atomic number for an element that has 3 more protons than calcium?
A 43
B 23
C 17
Answer: 23
Explanation: Calcium has an atomic number of 20, as a balanced element the number of protons and electrons are equal so if the element has 3 more protons it also has 3 more electrons. Atomic number will be 23 Vanadium
enhanced neurogenic differentiation on anisotropically conductive carbon nanotube reinforced polycaprolactone-collagen scaffold by applying direct coupling electrical stimulation
Electrical stimulation is conducive to neural regeneration. Different types of stimuli propagation patterns are required for regenerating cells in peripheral and central nervous systems.
What is Electrical stimulation?Electrical muscle stimulation (EMS), also known as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) or electromyostimulation, is the use of electric impulses to cause muscle contraction. EMS has drawn more attention in recent years for a variety of reasons, including the fact that it can be used as a post-exercise recovery tool for athletes as well as a strength training tool for healthy subjects and athletes.
It can also be used to treat and prevent injuries in people who are partially or completely immobilized. The impulses are produced by a machine and transmitted through electrodes on the skin close to the muscles being stimulated.
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Where is the crust thicker – under the continental shelf or under the oceans?
Answer:
Under the Continental shelf tends to be thicker.
Explanation: