rang, c. u., peng, a. y. and chao, l. 2012. bacterial aging requires an extrinsic damage agent. microbiology 158:1553–1559
The correct answer is Because bacterial ageing is believed to result from non-genetic (e.g. oxidative) damage.
Streptomycin, which produces mistranslated proteins that are more susceptible to oxidation, was found to be capable of inducing both damage and ageing in bacterial populations. There was a dose effect relating the level of damage to the concentration of streptomycin. All of the studies that did not find evidence of bacterial ageing did not use a damaging agent. However, fluorescent proteins were used as a visual marker in all studies that were successful in finding evidence. In those studies, ageing was caused by an extrinsic factor, such as the proteins themselves or the excitation light. As a result, all previous studies can be reconciled, and bacterial ageing is a real phenomenon. However, studying and observing bacterial ageing necessitates the addition of an extrinsic damage agent.
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the neandertals’ disappearance after 30,000 ybp likely involved group of answer choices rapid extinction due to climate change. isolation into small groups that eventually disappeared one by one. migration into parts of asia where they were not well adapted, and thus, died out. a measurable degree of genetic assimilation into modern human (african) populations.
Their assimilating into much larger. more genetically diverse population so of modern humans migrating into Europe from Africa.
Migration is the journeying of lengthy distances in search of a new habitat. The set off for the migration might also be nearby climate, neighborhood availability of food, or the season of the year. To be counted as a real migration, and no longer simply a nearby dispersal, the movement have to be an annual or seasonal event.
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Similarities between the buffalo and crocodile. PLEASE HELP ME! :)
ASAP What is a meter? Give two examples of objects that are a meter in length.
Answer:
A meter is a standard metric unit equal to about 3 feet 3 inches. This means that a meter is part of the metric system of measurement. Guitars, baseball bats, and yard sticks are examples of objects that are about one meter long.
Explanation:
Answer:
a meter is 3.3 feet.
examples: a meterstick and a baseball bat
Explanation:
A root cell may continue to absorb minerals even though the concentration of the minerals is greater inside the cell than in the soil. This absorption is accomplished mainly by —.
A root cell may continue to absorb minerals even though the concentration of the minerals is greater inside the cell than in the soil. This absorption is accomplished mainly by active transport.
Molecules move in and out of a cell through the semi-permeable cell membrane. There are some movements that occur along the concentration gradient and do not require energy. On the other hand, there are other movements, such as active transport, that occur against the concentration gradients, from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration which require energy.
This property, termed active transport, allows root cells to take up minerals from the soil even when the concentration of minerals is lower in the soil as compared to that of the cell. Energy will be required by the root cells t take up minerals through the process of active transport.
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1. What two factors must be present in order for something to be called "matter?"
Answer:
has a mass and occupies space
What happens to air temperature as altitude increases?
O A. Air temperature increases.
O
B. Air temperature decreases.
C. Air temperature does not change.
D. Air temperature depends on the amount of organisms in the area.
Sry I didn’t know what subject to do for this question cause there was no earth science
The correct option is B.
The air temperature decreases when altitude increases.
When there is an increase in elevation, there will be less amount of air above us. Thus the amount of pressure decreases. Since the pressure decreases, air molecules will be spreading out further due to the expansion of air, and gradually the temperature decreases.
There will be variations of temperature with altitude which will as in the case of the troposphere, the temperature will decrease due to increasing altitude. In the stratosphere, the temperature will be increasing generally as the altitude increases due to the greater absorption of ultraviolet radiation by the ozone.
The basic idea of decreasing air temperature with respect to increased altitude is that as so far away you get from the space of earth, the atmosphere gets thinner. The total heat content included in a system is directly related to the amount of matter present, so due to this, it is cooler at increased elevations.
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sc. ulnar fracture and dislocation of the proximal radial epiphysis (monteggia lesion) in the dog and cat: a review of 28 cases.
Ulnar fracture with dislocation of the proximal epiphysis of the radius (Monteggia lesion) was once diagnosed in 16 dogs and 12 cats. The lesions were categorized into four sorts on the groundwork of direction of the dislocation of the radial head and angulation of the ulnar fracture. Cranial dislocation of the radial head, with cranial angulation of the ulnar fracture (type 1 lesion) used to be the most common. Radial head chip fractures have been often associated with the lesions. In 25 cases, open reduction and interior fixation had been required. The most frequent postoperative issues were limited range of action in the elbow, osteoarthritis, and recurrent dislocation of the radial head. Follow-up reviews in 16 cases printed appropriate to great results in 10 animals and honest to bad consequences in 6 animals.
Angulation of the is a beneficial technique to create a safe pathway for drainage of deep-seated abscesses when all the planned get admission to routes in the axial planes have bowel, bone, and blood vessels in their paths.
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select two functions of the cell membrane. select one: a. housing the dna and accessing the dna. b. to produce and break down secretions. c. to provide cellular energy and to produce mitochondria. d. to move the cell and help it to divide. e. enabling the cell to communicate and attach to other cells.
Two functions of the cell membrane are: e. enabling the cell to communicate and attach to other cells.
The cell membrane can be described as a semi-permeable membrane that allows the selective entry of materials into and out of a cell. Other than this, there are various other functions that a cell membrane plays an active role in.
A cell membrane allows a cell to attach to an extracellular matrix or to other cells so that two cells can communicate with each other. Also, the ability of the cell membrane to join with other cells causes tissue formation. Through membrane signaling, which is a feature of the cell membrane, two cells can connect biophysically. Hence, the correct option is e. enabling the cell to communicate and attach to other cells.
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if a dna strand has the organic base sequence t, t, a, g, c, a, the corresponding base sequence of a messenger rna molecule would be
If a dna strand has the organic base sequence t, t, a, g, c, a, the corresponding base sequence of a messenger rna molecule would be A, A, U, G, C, U.
What does RNA stands for ?Ribonucleic acid, sometimes known as RNA, is a nucleic acid that is present in all living cells and has characteristics similar to those of DNA. But unlike DNA, RNA is typically single-stranded. As opposed to DNA's deoxyribose backbone, an RNA molecule's backbone is built up of alternating phosphate groups and the sugar ribose.
A polymeric molecule called ribonucleic acid is crucial for a number of biological processes, including the coding, decoding, control, and expression of genes. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a type of nucleic acid, as is RNA.
Types of RNA :There are three types of RNA
mRNA - messenger RNA
rRNA - ribosomal RNA
tRNA - transfer RNA
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This particle is found in the electron cloud which is a negatively charged region of an atom.
quiero saber a qué pertenece a protons a electrons o a neutrons?
The area of negative charge encircling an atomic nucleus and connected to an atomic orbital is known as an electron cloud. It has a mathematical definition that describes a region with a high probability of having electrons in it.
Protons and neutrons make up the atom's core nucleus. An electron has the best chances of being found in the "fog of probability" that surrounds it. The probability of finding an electron increases with area density. The electron cloud is the name given to this thick fog of probability. Simple atoms like hydrogen serve as excellent visual examples of electron clouds. One proton makes up the nucleus of a hydrogen atom, and one electron orbits it. The electron does not, however, actually follow a circular orbit around it.
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in 1861, pasteur conducted his now-famous experiments using flasks with long necks bent into an s-shape. imagine that you are a scientist working in pasteur’s lab at this time. you decide to tip the flasks so that broth enters the long s-shaped neck. you then return the flask to its upright position. predict the most likely outcome of tipping one of pasteur’s s-necked flasks
In 1861, Pasteur conducted The broth would become contaminated with microbes because they were trapped in the neck.
Louis Pasteur's pasteurization test illustrates the truth that the spoilage of liquid was caused by debris inside the air instead of the air itself. those experiments were critical portions of evidence supporting the concept of germ concept of disease. Microorganisms can be present in nonliving and be counted, together with air, drinks, and solids.
Pasteur's paintings helped refute the theory of spontaneous generation his experiments confirmed that air by myself was no longer the motive of bacterial growth inside the flask, and his research supported the speculation that live microorganisms suspended in the air should settle onto the broth in open-necked flasks thru gravity.
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Explain what happens after a slip tectonic plate interaction?
Consider: How does this movement affect the lithosphere and does it add/remove
anything from the Earth?
comparison of the gut microbiota composition between obese and non-obese individuals in a japanese population, as analyzed by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and next-generation sequencing
Answer:
Probiotics are the good yielding microorganisms in the gut which help in proper assimilation of food. They help in the prevention of obesity.
Explanation:
Obesity has become one of the most serious social problems in developed countries in Japan. The gut microbiota was long thought to contribute to obesity, the exact association remains largely unknown.
Gut microbes are key to many aspects of human health including immune, metabolic and neurobehavioral traits. Different levels of evidence support the role of gut microbiota in human health, from animal models and human studies.
Obese and non-obese subjects had different gut microbiota compositions and that certain bacterial species were significantly associated with each group (obese: Blautia hydrogenotorophica, Coprococcus catus; non-obese: Bacteroides faecichinchillae, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron)
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4. The figure above is a model of atoms in a
sample at room temperature. Which physical
property does this sample have? sc.8.P.8.1
A) It can be poured.
B) It can expand to fill its container.
C) It cannot be compressed.
D) It has a low boiling point.
Correct Option is (C) It cannot be compressed. It is well known that there are powerful intermolecular forces of attraction holding molecules together in solids. As a result, they are immobile from their starting position but are capable of vibrating in their average position.
As a result, the molecules in solid substances have minimal kinetic energy. However, compared to solids, the intermolecular forces of attraction that hold the molecules together in liquids are weaker. They are able to slip past one another as a result. They therefore possess medium kinetic energy.
Vander Waal forces, which are weak, hold the molecules together in gases. As a result of their high kinetic energy, they travel quickly from one location to another, which causes more collisions.
Consequently, we can say that given figure shows a physical property that it cannot be compressed.
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What habitat will an earthworm prefer independent variable and dependent variable
Answer:
Independent Variable: The independent variable in this experiment is the surface that the mealworms crawl on; plastic, paper and cardboard.
Dependent Variable: The dependent variable that we are measuring is the mealworm’s behavior on the materials and the specific material they spend the most time on after 5 minutes.
Hypothesis: We predict that mealworms prefer to crawl on plastic because they could crawl and almost glide smoothly on the surface.
Explanation:
One conclusion which we made from these results is that the mealworms preferred certain materials because it was easier for them to grip their legs onto. The plastic for example was found to be too smooth for the mealworm to crawl on, making it hard to grip their legs onto it. Smooth surfaces like plastic meant less friction to help the mealworm crawl along.
what happens when a seedling is left in water with darkness
Answer:
It would eventually die
Explanation:
It would eventually die because it makes food through photosynthesis and without light no photosynthesis can be made. Therefore it would start to lose its green pigment because no chlorophyll is being made.
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assessing sequence plasticity of a virus-like nanoparticle by evolution toward a versatile scaffold for vaccines and drug delivery
Assessing sequence plasticity of a virus-like nanoparticle by evolution toward a versatile scaffold shows structural and functional relationships of viral capsid proteins and describes the mechanistic routes toward viral therapeutics. The statement is correct.
What is nanoparticle ?A nanoparticle is a small particle can not visible through eyes and it ranges between 1 to 100 nanometers in size, have shown different physical and chemical properties.
This nanoparticle can change their size at the atomic scale as it increase in surface area to volume ratio which results in the atomic surface to regulate the material performance.
Hence the large surface area help nanoparticles to possess optical, physical and chemical properties and they are small in size which confine their electrons and produce quantum effects.
Nanomaterials can be available naturally and can be produced as the by-products in the process of combustion.
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in dna sequencing, how does the addition of dideoxynucleoside triphosphates (ddntps) terminate the synthesis of new dna? group of answer choices
in dna sequencing, how does the addition of dideoxynucleoside triphosphates (ddntps) terminate the synthesis of new dna is
The ddNTPs have a hydrogen instead of a hydroxyl group at the 3' end, which prevents the addition of nucleotides.
What is dideoxynucleoside triphosphates (ddntps)?
Dideoxynucleoside triphosphates (ddNTPs) stop the bio-polymerization of DNA and are a crucial chemical part of DNA sequencing technology, which is a fundamental tool for molecular biology research today. By detecting the terminated DNA fragment following a single labeled ddNTP incorporation into DNA under PCR conditions, radiolabeled or fluorescent dye labeled ddNTP analogues are utilized in this method to sequence DNA.
Pyrrolidine nucleoside triphosphates (prNTPs), a novel amino-functionalized ddNTP analogue that was rationally designed, was synthesized in this study along with their polymerase activity with DNA polymerase as measured by LC-MS and Gel-electrophoretic methods.
The incorporation of prNTPs into DNA oligonucleotides with Therminator DNA polymerase as similar control substrate ddNTP is clearly supported by the Mass and PAGE studies. As a result, the prNTP incorporation with polymerase functionalizes the DNA oligonucleotide as an amine group. As a result, prNTPs offer ways to make desired conjugated DNA with other biomolecules, dyes, or fluorescent compounds without changing the structure of the nucleobase.
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A type of membrane protein that is integrated into the hydrophobic region of the membrane.
Answer:
Integral membrane proteins
Explanation:
Integral membrane proteins are, as their name suggests, integrated into the membrane: they have at least one hydrophobic region that anchors them to the hydrophobic core of the phospholipid bilayer.
Answer: Integral membrane proteins
Explanation:
Name 1 other discipline used in ecological studies and how it relates to ecology.
Ecophysiology and Behavioral Ecology study how individuals adapt to their surroundings.
The main focus of the research of the research group Ecophysiology and Behavioral Ecology is the examination of the consequences and causes of fluctuation in behavioral characteristics among people. The majority of studies are carried out within an ethological framework, with an emphasis on all four important elements of animal actions: evolution, causation, function, and development.
We research reproduction and genetic drift in various animal populations, but mainly in birds, using a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach. While behavioral ecology is our primary research focus, we are also interested in physiology and population dynamics.
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relationship between lactobacillus bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus under whey conditions: focus on amino acid formation
The discussion of relationship between lactobacillus bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus under whey conditions: focus on amino acid formation is given in the below paragraph-
In this study, we used Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 2038 grown with or without Streptococcus thermophilus in whey medium to conduct microarray experiments to examine how these two strains use nitrogen since Lb. bulgaricus 2038 uses whey as its nitrogen before casein. Because S. thermophilus primarily preferred different types of peptides than L. bulgaricus, but has lost the ability to prioritize the use of free branched-chain amino acids, L. bulgaricus 2038 was better able to import the types of peptides required for growth compared to monoculture.
In order to stop Lb. bulgaricus 2038 from converting aspartate into intermediates that form the carbon skeleton, which is catalyzed by phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, the ratio of nitrogen to carbon was reduced during co-culture.
What is an amino acid?Organic substances known as amino acids have both functional groups for amino and carboxylic acids. Alpha-amino acids, which make up proteins, are by far the most common amino acids in nature despite the fact that there are hundreds of them. The genetic coding only contains 22 alpha amino acids.
The locations of the primary structural functional groups in amino acids can be categorized as alpha, beta, gamma, or delta amino acids; further classifications relate to polarity, ionization, and the type of side chain group (aliphatic, acyclic, aromatic, containing hydroxyl or sulfur, etc.).
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even after someone has stopped drinking, bac can continue to go up until all of the ingested alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream.
Even after someone has stopped drinking, bac can continue to go up until all of the ingested alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream. TRUE
even after someone stops consuming, alcohol inside the stomach and intestine continues to go into the bloodstream and circulate in the course of the body.
BAC described as the awareness of alcohol in blood. it is measured in grams of alcohol according to deciliter of blood. the frame would not need a minimum consumption of alcohol daily. The number of liquids that we consumes in an hour will affect BAC, the more we drink, the better the awareness of alcohol in blood. BAC does now not affect with the concentration of alcohol in a drink.
Blood Alcohol attention (BAC) is defined because the ratio of alcohol within the gadget to Blood within the system.
As soon as alcohol and different pollution are absorbed into the body, the Liver begins removing them as alcohol cannot be stored in tissue.
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the change in organisms over geologic history is known as the . group of answer choices evolution of life biogeochemical cycle evolutionary cycle biospheric change
The change in organisms over geologic history is known as evolution of life .
What is the life's evolution?According to the idea of evolution in biology, the many species of plants, animals, and other living things on Earth descended from earlier species, and their recognizable differences are the result of changes made by subsequent generations. One of the main cornerstones of contemporary biological science is the hypothesis of evolution. The process of biological evolution involves descent with modification. The lineages of organisms change with time, diversity results from the divergence of the lineages descended from the same ancestors.
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Which conservation effort specifically benefits species that are almost extinct?
A. National Parks
B. reducing pollutants put into the air
C. Endangered Species Act
D. habitat preservations
Endangered Species Act, specifically benefits species that are almost extinct.
Define Endangered Species.An endangered species is one that is thought to be on the verge of extinction, whether it be an animal or a plant. A species may be designated as endangered at the state, federal, and international levels. The list of endangered species is governed by the Endangered Species Act, which is handled at the federal level.
Define Endangered Species Act.The Endangered Species Act (ESA) was approved by Congress in 1973. The federal government has a responsibility under the ESA to protect threatened species, endangered species, and critical habitat. Threatened species are those that are on the verge of going extinct throughout much or all of their range (areas vital to the survival of endangered or threatened species)
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the goal of thermoregulation is to maintain the core temperature of the body steady at around .
The goal of thermoregulation is to maintain the core temperature of the body steady at around 97.7-99.5 degrees F.
Thermoregulation- Through a process known as thermoregulation, mammals carefully and independently control their body temperature. Temperature regulation is a technique for preserving the normal internal temperature (homeostasis) required for living.
Homeostasis- Any self-regulating process, such as homeostasis, helps an organism retain stability while responding to environmental factors that are favorable for its survival. If homeostasis is effective, life goes on; if it is not, the organism dies or suffers a catastrophe. For Example, Body temperature control in humans is one of the most familiar examples of homeostasis.
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in the ux textbook is defined as the entire set of surrounding parts of the world ... with which the user interacts. group of answer choices ecology culture environment system
User experience design can be thought of most simply as a verb and a noun. A UX designer conceptualizes, plans, and alters elements of a system or service that have an impact on users' perceptions and reactions.
The method design teams employ to produce products that offer customers meaningful and pertinent experiences is known as user experience (UX) design. UX design includes components of branding, design, usability, and function in the design of the full process of obtaining and integrating the product.
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Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water allows it to prevent large fluctuations in body temperature?.
Water has a high heat capacity, or the ability to "hold on to" heat well; this property aids in the regulation of body temperature in both organisms and cells. Sweating is another way that water can be used to cool down an overheated organism.
Warm-blooded animals employ water's high heat capacity to more efficiently distribute heat throughout their bodies.Water works like a car's cooling system, moving heat from warm to cold areas and allowing the body to maintain a more constant temperature.The body requires water to maintain temperature because it is a good heat conductor and absorber. Water can absorb a lot of heat before its temperature increases because of its large heat capacity. This characteristic enables the water to function as a buffer against abrupt temperature changes in every cell of the human body.Learn more about water here:
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b. If at your solar noon, the chronometer reads 10 a.m. What is your longitude?
The longitude if at your solar noon, the chronometer reads 10am is 77.4.
How to calculate longitude?
In a single day, the Earth spins 360o of longitude. As a result, it rotates one degree of longitude every four minutes, or every 1/360th of a day. You only need to determine the time difference between noon at your location and noon at the Prime Meridian in order to get your longitude.
The first half of the eighteenth century saw the development of John Harrison's longitude by chronometer technique, which uses a marine chronometer to determine longitude in navigation. The longitude at which a position line traced from a sextant sight of any celestial objects crosses the observer's posited latitude is determined using an astronomical method.
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PLEASE HELP!! (WORTH 10 PTS)
Image of color spectrum. Color spectrum band is across the top with a body of water from surface to a depth of 300 m underneath it. The color spectrum starts with the sun at the top with white light (all colors). Colors are separated for visualization with arrows pointing out to the colors. Ultraviolet light starts at the left end with a range of 300-400 nm wavelength. At 300 nm the light is labeled UV and penetrates the water to about 40 m. Violet ranges from 400 to 450 nm. At 400 nm the light is labeled V and penetrates the water to about 100 m. Blue is labeled at 450 nm and penetrates the water to about 270 m. Green light is labeled at 490 nm and penetrates the water to about 120 m. Yellow is labeled at 570 nm and penetrates the water to about 80 m. Orange light is labeled at 600 nm and penetrates the water to about 30 m. Red light is labeled at 720 nm and penetrates the water to about 10 m. Infrared light is labeled at 800 nm and penetrates about 5 m.
At what depth would organisms that rely on infrared light (IR) most likely be found in the ocean? Justify your answer by using the provided data.
The depth at which organisms that rely on infrared light (IR) most likely be found in the ocean is 5 meters.
What is the spectrum of light?We know the spectrum of light to imply the arrangement of light according to wavelength. The spectrum of light shows the wavelength sf the different kinds of light in the proper order.
As was shown in the question, infrared light is one of the kinds of light that can penetrate the water at a certain depth. We can see that the kind of light depends on the depth of the water.
From the question, the depth at which organisms that rely on infrared light (IR) most likely be found in the ocean is 5 meters.
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