Among the different types of scientific knowledge, are likely to be modified or discarded most frequently. In the 1600s, scientists discarded the phlogiston theory because new evidence didn’t support it.
Phlogiston Theory
The phlogiston theory is a defunct scientific idea that proposed the existence of phlogiston, a fire-like element stored within combustible bodies and released after combustion. The name is derived from Ancient Greek. Johann Joachim Becher first introduced the notion in 1667, and Georg Ernst Stahl later formalised it. Phlogiston theory sought to explain chemical processes like combustion and rusting, which are now referred to as oxidation. It was challenged by the resulting weight gain, and it was abandoned before the end of the 18th century as a result of experiments by Antoine Lavoisier and others. Phlogiston theory led to tests, which resulted in the discovery of oxygen.
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Please please help asap thank you!!!!!
Answer:
A. Indicator Species
Explanation:
which two lobes of the brain allow a person to pick out the scent of a rose in a mixed bouquet of flowers? (1 point)
occipital and temporal
frontal and temporal
parietal and occipital
frontal and parietal
Answer:
B) frontal and temporal
They are frequently linked to memory encoding and the processing of auditory information. The processing of affect/emotions, language, and some aspects of visual perception all require the temporal lobes. Thus, option B is correct.
What are the function of frontal and temporal?The temporal lobes' primary duties include language comprehension, memory development, face and object recognition, perception, and the processing of auditory information.
The temporal lobe, which is located behind the frontal lobe and is divided from it by the lateral fissure, has sensory processing areas as well.
These areas are crucial for hearing, understanding language, and creating memories.
Therefore, frontal and temporal are the two lobes of the brain to allow a person to pick out the scent of a rose in a mixed bouquet of flowers.
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An investigation was done to see if the diameter of rubber tubbing affects the time to siphon water out of a container what would the manipulated variable be
Answer: The factor of safety in a plumbing system and determination of the upper limit of service for a 3-inch soil stack. 146. Establishment of a factor of safety.
Explanation:
The manipulated variable in the investigation is the diameter of the rubber tubing to determine its impact on siphoning time.
In the investigation exploring the impact of rubber tubing diameter on the time required to siphon water from a container, the manipulated variable is the diameter of the tubing. This variable is intentionally altered by the researcher to assess its influence on the siphoning process. By testing various tubing diameters, the researchers aim to observe any patterns or trends regarding the time it takes for water to be siphoned out.
This investigation seeks to determine if there is a correlation between tubing diameter and siphoning time. Controlling other factors, such as the volume of water, height difference, and tubing length, allows for a focused examination of the specific impact of tubing diameter on the efficiency of the siphoning process.
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The complete question is:
An investigation was done to see if the diameter of rubber tubing affects the time to siphon water out of a container. What would the manipulated variable be?
Cellular respiration is an exothermic reaction and photosynthesis is an endothermic reaction. How does the required activation energy compare for these two reactions?
A:Photosynthesis needs a higher amount of energy to activate the reaction because the products are at a lower energy state than the reactants.
B:Cellular respiration needs a higher amount of energy to activate the reaction because the products are at a lower energy state than the reactants.
C:Photosynthesis needs a smaller amount of energy to activate the reaction because the products are at a lower energy state than the reactants.
D:Cellular respiration needs a smaller amount of energy to activate the reaction because the products are at a lower energy state than the reactants.
Answer:He uses Framton's fearfulness, which is inappropriate because the hunters are not ghosts. He uses Mr. Sappleton's curiosity about Framton's sudden departure to highlight Framton's rudeness.
Explanation:
Which chemical equation shows the relationship between ADP and ATP
All plant and animal cells include the chemical compounds adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate, sometimes known as nucleotides. The equation can be written as ADP + P + energy = ATP.
What is a chemical equation?
All plant and animal cells include the chemical compounds adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate, sometimes known as nucleotides.
A high-energy phosphate group is added to ADP to convert it to ATP for energy storage. The conversion occurs either in mitochondria, which are specialized energy-producing structures or in the cytoplasm, the fluid-filled space that lies between the cell membrane and the nucleus.
Adenosine diphosphate with inorganic phosphate plus energy results in adenosine triphosphate, which is the product of the conversion of ADP to ATP.
Therefore, All plant and animal cells include the chemical compounds adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate, sometimes known as nucleotides. The equation can be written as ADP + P + energy = ATP.
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I need help this is worth 20 points
Every enzyme has a different specific heat.
The amount of heat needed to raise a substance's temperature by one degree Celsius in one gramme is also known as specific heat. Typically, calories or joules per gramme per degree Celsius are used as the units of specific heat. For instance, water has a specific heat of 1 calorie (or 4.186 joules) per gramme per degree Celsius.
The notion of specific heat was developed by the Scottish scientist Joseph Black in the 18th century as a result of his discovery that equal masses of different substances required varying quantities of heat to raise them through the same temperature range. The French scientists Pierre-Louis Dulong and Alexis-Thérèse Petit showed in the early 19th century that measurements of a substance's specific heat allow one to calculate its atomic weights.
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The bacterium in the diagram has been magnified so that it appears to be 2.0 cm in length. If its actual length is 2.0 µm, how many times has it been magnified?
The bacteria shown in the figure has been magnified ten thousand times, as indicated by the value of the magnification factor.
What is the magnification of an object?When examined using a magnifying device such as a microscope, the size of an item seems to have expanded by a certain degree or quantity. This phenomenon is referred to as the magnification of the thing in question.
Magnification = size of the image/size of the actual object
Therefore
[tex]1 µm = \frac{1}{00 000}--- > 1 µm = \frac{1}{10 000 }cm[/tex]
Therefore
2.0 µm = 2.0 * 1/10 000 cm
= 2.0 * 10^{-4} cm
Hence, Magnification
M= 2.0 cm /2.0 * {-4} cm
M = 10000 X
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What is a key difference in gene expression between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?
Answer:The main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression is that the entire prokaryotic gene expression occurs in the cytoplasm whereas a part of the eukaryotic gene expression occurs inside the nucleus while rest occurs in the cytoplasm.
Explanation:Prokaryotic gene expression (both transcription and translation) occurs within the cytoplasm of a cell due to the lack of a defined nucleus; thus, the DNA is freely located within the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic gene expression occurs in both the nucleus (transcription) and cytoplasm (translation)
which organism does not perfom photosynthesis
Answer:
Animal cells and fungal cells do not have chloroplasts and, therefore, cannot photosynthesize. That is why these organisms, as well as the non-photosynthetic protists, rely on other organisms to obtain their energy. These organisms are heterotrophs.
Explanation:
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Which occurs during cytokinesis?
Answer:
HERE'S YOUR ANSWER.
Cytokinesis is the physical process of cell division, which divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into two daughter cells. It occurs concurrently with two types of nuclear division called mitosis and meiosis, which occur in animal cells.
Cytokinesis takes place in four stages: initiation, contraction, membrane insertion and completion. The events occurring within these stages differ in animal and plant cells.
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One loop of a trna molecule includes the ______, which is complementary to an mrna codon, and the other end of the trna molecule carries an ______ corresponding to that mrna codon.
One loop of a tRNA molecule includes the anticodon, which is complementary to an mRNA codon, and the other end of the tRNA molecule carries an amino acid corresponding to that mRNA codon.
What are tRNA and mRNA?The transference RNA or tRNA is a molecule that serves to connect the amino acid code on the mRNA sequence in the ribosome to synthesize a polypeptide chain, while the messenger (mRNA) is the nucleotide sequence used to create a protein.
In conclusion, one loop of a tRNA molecule includes the anticodon, which is complementary to an mRNA codon, and the other end of the tRNA molecule carries an amino acid corresponding to that mRNA codon.
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According to locke, punishing someone for behaviors he/she has no recollection of doing is equivalent to punishing him/her for actions that were never performed? do you agree with him? why or why not? defend your answer.
Yes, a person that has no recollection of performing any unconscious act does not deserve to be punished.
It is no less unjust, if Locke is correct, to hold someone responsible for actions about which he has a distorted memory. That is, if his memory of behaviour consists of his admirable intent and the righteousness of act, then to punish him for such act is itself unjust. His biased memory makes it impossible to punish him without also acting unjustly; for he finds your punishment incongruent with his laudable behaviour.
The punishment does not match his skewed memory because the circumstance of unconsciousness could not be deliberately affected.
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Describe how both a scientist and an engineer
could contribute to reducing the use of a
nonrenewable resource
Scientist make research to reduce the use of nonrenewable resources by using renewable sources and engineers work on manufacturing renewable resources CNG and ethanol fuel tanks etc.
Using electric and hybrid automobiles, installing solar panels on and well-insulating your commercial enterprise and home, and the use of strength-efficient home equipment are all smaller-scale adjustments that you can make to reduce your nonrenewable resource utilization.
A non-renewable useful resource is a herbal useful resource that cannot be simply changed through natural means at a pace quick and sufficient to hold up with consumption. An instance is carbon-based total fossil fuels. The unique organic be counted, with the resource of warmth and pressure, becomes gasoline including oil or gas
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You have joined a lab studying dna replication in e. Coli. The graduate student you are working with has identified a mutation in primase that makes primase very inefficient. Your project is to characterize the cells with this mutation. Predict the defects you would most likely see in the mutant e. Coli cells.
The defects we will most likely see in the mutant E.coli are C. a delay in DNA polymerase beginning the synthesis and D. a longer total time to replicate DNA.
The primase plays a crucial role in DNA replication as they are involved in the formation of primers. These primers are short RNA sequences that initiate transcription.
A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence. A mutation in the primase activity of E.coli will cause a delay in the process of replication, as without the formation of primers, DNA polymerase will delay its activity to synthesize a new strand by the addition of nucleotides. On the whole, it will take much longer for the replication process as the activity of DNA polymerase will take much longer.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
You have joined a lab studying DNA replication in E. coli. The graduate student you are working with has identified a mutation in primase that makes primase very inefficient. Your project is to characterize the cells with this mutation. Predict the defects you would most likely see in the mutant E. coli cells. Choose one or more: A. a delay in the unwinding of DNA B. rapid lagging-strand synthesis but slow leading-strand synthesis C. a delay in DNA polymerase beginning synthesis D. a longer total time to replicate DNA E. inefficient Okazaki fragment joining
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Jennifer is writing an algorithm to analyze a play that she is reading. What type of algorithm would be appropriate for this application? (1 p
O greedy algorithm
O graphing algorithm
O machine learning algorithm
O linear programming algorithm
O linear programming algorithm is the type of algorithm would be appropriate for this application
What three varieties of linear programming are there?The following are the several forms of linear programming: the Simplex technique for solving linear programmes.
Linear programming is a branch of mathematics that is heavily utilised in combinatorial optimization (LP). The LP problem is an optimization problem with a linear objective function and all associated constraints, thus the name.
Different approaches can be used to tackle a linear programming problem. Examples include the graphic technique, the simplex approach, the ellipsoid method, and interior point methods.
Identifying the quantities you need to know to solve the problem is the first step in constructing a linear programming challenge.
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Based on the information provided, a graphing algorithm would be most appropriate for analyzing a play.
Graphing algorithms are commonly used for analyzing relationships and connections between entities. In the context of analyzing a play, the algorithm could represent characters, scenes, or events as nodes in a graph and establish connections between them.
This would allow Jennifer to analyze the interactions, dependencies, and patterns within the play.
Greedy algorithms, machine learning algorithms, and linear programming algorithms are not specifically tailored for analyzing literary works like plays.
While they may have applications in other domains, they are not the most suitable choice for analyzing the structure and content of a play.
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How are the chemical senses different from the non-chemical senses?
O You must experience chemical stimulus in order for your senses to work.
O You must be careful that you don't burn your neurons with the ingested chemicals.
O Chemical senses are less strong than the non-chemical senses.
O They require chemical receptors in addition to neurons for sending messages to your brain.
In order to communicate with your brain, they need chemical receptors in addition to neurons.
THE CHEMICAL SENSES Because both taste (gustation) and smell (olfaction) include sensory receptors that react to molecules in the food we consume or the air we breathe, they are referred to be chemical senses.
Taste, also known as gustation (for dissolved chemicals that reveal the palatability of food), and smell, sometimes known as olfaction, are the two most common categories of the external chemical senses (for airborne chemicals that inform about events at a distance). Humans' sense of taste is restricted to the mouth, particularly the tongue.
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Facilitated diffusion requires energy and can transport molecules against a concentration gradient. True or false?.
Identify the macromolecule based on the structure.
Answer:
It's a carbohydrate more specifically It's a ribose C5H10O5
2. Would a sea otter catch these prey items alone or with help from others? Using the quantitative data provided in
Table 1 below, prove which method of hunting your sea otter must utilize to obtain its daily energy needs. You
will answer this question on the next page when you complete your Claim-Evidence-Reasoning but you must first
work out the math below. Using the "observed sea otter diet" above, calculate the energy consumed to
determine if it satisfies this female's daily needs.
Table 1
Individual food item
Clam
Mussel
Urchin
Crab
Mollusk (small octopus or snail)
OBSERVED SEA OTTER DIET: After observing the same female sea
otter for a day, you collected the following feeding data:
40 urchins, 12 mussels and 4 crabs.
print privile
Average mass of individual prey (kg)
0.057
0.085
0.099
0.085
0.080
Energy available per prey (kcal)
40
75
126
80
70
Show your work here using the data in Table 1 to calculate the energy consumed by this female sea otter:
Sea otters eat 25 percent of their body weight each day in the form of sea urchins, crabs, mussels, clams, snails and other invertebrates.
1 urchin that weighs around 15 grams provides 20 calories of energy.
So,
40 urchins = 800 calories of energy.
Similarly,
1 mussel = 146 calories of energy.
So,
12 mussels = 1752 calories of energy.
And,
1 crab = 381 calories of energy
So,
4 crabs = 1524 calories of energy
Hence, the total amount of calories consumed by the sea otter is equals,
= 4076 calories of energy per day approximately.
Female otter needs about 7,500 calories per day.
Therefore, the given diet does not satisfy this female otter's daily needs.
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Pg 36 Explain: The body relies on positive and negative feedback loops to maintain
homeostasis. One such feedback loop returns the body to homeostasis when it becomes
dehydrated? Use evidence from the lesson to support your answer. (5 sentences)
A feedback mechanism is a physiological control system in a living organism that functions to bring the body back to its stable internal condition, also referred to as homeostasis.
When a change in the system results in an output, the feedback mechanism is activated. Chemicals, genes, and the regulatory relationships between them make form the biochemical control system in living things.
There are two types of feedback mechanisms; these are positive and negative feedback mechanisms.
When a change in one direction is followed by another change in the same direction, positive feedback loops develop.When a change in one direction results in a change in the other, negative feedback loops are created. For instance, feedback results from an increase in a substance's concentration, which lowers the substance's content. Mechanisms called negative feedback loops appear to be stable by nature.Feedback loop for dehydration.
A stimulus is reversed or turned off by negative feedback. Antidiuretic hormone, which acts to reduce urine production and enable the body to save fluids, is secreted when the body is dehydrated. Negative feedback stops the release of the antidiuretic hormone when the body's fluids are replenished.
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Which of the following is not part of the cell theory? (4 points) a Every living thing is composed of cells. b Cells come from pre-existing cells. c Cells are the basic unit and structure of all living things. d Every cell has a nucleus that contains genetic material.
Answer:
I think the correct answer is D.
55. cytochemical stains were performed on bone marrow smears from an acute leukemia patient. the majority of the blasts showed varying amounts of myeloperoxidase positivity. some of the blasts stained positive for chloroacetate esterase, some were positive for alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase, and some blasts stained positive for both esterases. what type of leukemia is indicated? a. lymphocytic b. myelogenous c. myelomonocytic d. erythroleukemia
In the given question where cytochemical stains were performed on bone marrow smears from an acute leukemia patient, the type of leukemia indicated is Myelomonocytic leukemia.
Cytochemical diagnosis of acute myelomonocytic leukemia
In a third group, leukemic cells contain both esterase in the same cell, and this group is thought to represent "true" myelomonocytic leukemia.
Blood and bone marrow smears from adult patients with acute leukemia were stained for esterase reactions sequentially with naphthol AS D-chloroacetate (chloroacetate esterase) followed by alpha-naphthylbutyrate (non-specific esterase). Two substrates were specific for granulocytes and monocytes, respectively.
This method allows her to distinguish between three subgroups of acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. Leukemia cells can be positive for either chloroacetate esterase or non-specific esterase, and the authors suggest that these two subsets can be divided into 'true' granulocytic leukemia and 'pure' monocytic leukemia.
In the majority of patients in this group, leukemia developed from the preleukemia stage. Using Romanovsky-stained smears alone, the monocyte-like features and absolute increase in monocyte count in acute granulocytic leukemia may lead the leukemia to be misdiagnosed as acute myelomonocytic leukemia.
This occurred in 5 of the 13 cases in the study. The presence of granulocyte- and monocyte-specific esterase in single cells supports the notion of a common origin for granulocytes and monocytes.
The authors conclude that the combined esterase reaction can distinguish between acute granulocytic leukemia, acute monocytic leukemia, and acute myelomonocytic leukemia.
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The human population has changed in ways that are similar to other populations. How has the human population changed since it first appeared on earth?.
The human population has changed since it first appeared on earth as b. the population has generally increased, and at rates that have varied over time.
The increase or decrease of a population depends on the environmental conditions and the factor of how a population tends to adapt to the changing conditions on the Earth.
The human population has managed to change over time with the changing conditions of the earth and they are able to implement adaptative changes into their genomes with time.
The human population has increased since the beginning of time as humans managed to make adaptations for themselves to survive in the changing conditions of the earth.
However, the rates at which the human population increased were not always the same. Sometimes, a factor such as an infectious disease caused the human population to grow slowly whereas other times, the growth was rapid.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
The human population has changed in ways that are similar to other populations. How has the human population changed since it first appeared on earth?
a. The population has generally increased at a relatively constant rate
b. the population has generally increased, and at rates that have varied over time
c. The population increases rapidly until it reaches carrying capacity, where it has remained for thousands of years
d. The population increases rapidly until it reaches carrying capacity, and then decreased at a constant rate
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What evidence can be found at the peaks of the Himalayas that show the vast changes the earth has undergone?
Fossils found in the sandstone layers is the evidence which can be found at the peaks of the Himalayas that show the vast changes the earth has undergone.
What is Fossil?This referred to as the remains of plants and animals which have been preserved in the earth crust. This give more information about the plants and animals which were present during that period on earth.
Fossils are made up of bones, cartilage etc due it not being totally decomposed by organisms which is why it is used while flesh will be totally decomposed.
The fossilized structures are studied and the parts available are noted with different forms of comparison being done. Fossil in the sandstone layers of the Himalayas peak is the area where the various vast changes in the earth was proven.
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a cell nucleus has an average length of 6 micrometers. Calculate the order of magnitude comparison between the nucleus of a cell and:
a) a small animal cell b) a large plant cell
URGENT!!!!
Answer:
A small animal cell is about 10 micrometers so:
10/6 = 1.7
The length of small animal cell is same order of magnitude as cell nucleus.
A large plant cell is about 100 micrometers so:
100/6 = 16.7
The length of large plant cell is an order of magnitude (10^1, or ten times) bigger than cell nucleus.
A small animal cell is about 10 micrometers so: 10/6 = 1.7
What is plant and animal cell?Plant cell contains cell wall. Animal cell do not have cell wall. The length of small animal cell is same order of magnitude as cell nucleus.
A large plant cell is about 100 micrometers so: 100/6 = 16.7. The plant cell is 10 times than nucleus of the cell.
Nucleus of the plant or animal cell is much smaller than the cell itself. The size of the cell is much more than size of nucleus.
Therefore, A small animal cell is about 10 micrometers so: 10/6 = 1.7
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1.2.2 Quiz: Themes in Biology
Question 2 of 10
What is the name of a group of connected and related organisms?
A. Flow
B. Matter
C. Energy
D. System
Answer:
D
Explanation:
What is an important difference between mitosis and meiosis that explains
why sexually-reproducing organisms use meiosis to generate cells for
reproduction?
All that apply
1. The process of meiosis includes crossing over and independent assortment, which increases genetic diversity.
2. Meiosis generats haploid (n) Cells
3. Meiosis generates geneticslly unique cells.
4. Meiosis generates dipload (2n) cells
5. Meiosis generates geneticslly identical cells
The most important differences between mitosis and meiosis includes crossing over and independent assortment, genetically unique cells (Options 1 and 3)
What is meiosis?Meiosis is a special type of cell division characterized to increase genetic variation due to the emergence of recombination and independent separation of homologous chromosomes during this process.
In conclusion, the most important differences between mitosis and meiosis that explains why sexually-reproducing organisms use meiosis to generate cells for reproduction include the process of meiosis includes crossing over and independent assortment, which increases genetic diversity and meiosis generates genetically unique cells (Options 1 and 3)
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predict the outcome of pasteur's experiments testing spontaneous generation if he used the same type of swan-necked flasks, but he worked with and incubated the flasks in a sterile environment with no air flow.
Pasteur's swan-neck flask experiment proved that spontaneous generation was false.
What is experiment ?An experiment is a technique used to verify or disprove a theory, as well as assess the likelihood or effectiveness of something that has never been tried before. By showing what happens when a certain element is modified, experiments shed light on cause-and-effect relationships. The purpose and scope of experiments vary widely, but they all rely on a repeatable process and logical analysis of the outcomes. Additionally, there are research conducted through natural experimentation.
While teams of professionals may spend years conducting methodical research to increase their grasp of a phenomenon, a toddler may conduct simple experiments to discover how objects fall to the ground. In the science classroom, experiments and other practical activities are crucial to students' learning.
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NEED HELP ASAP! WORTH 50!!!
Answer:
Genotype of Parent 1: Aa
Genotype of Parent 2: aa
Probability of offspring having freckles: 50%
Explanation:
The genotypes of the parents are actually given in the Punnett Square. And, since out of 4 options 2 are all freckles, probability is 50%.
Justin is listening to the radio when he hears the sound of sirens, which he mistakes for the police turning on their sirens behind him. He immediately presses on the brakes, has an accelerated heartbeat and higher blood pressure, as well as sweaty palms. His reaction is known as?.
Justin's reaction is a stress response. It is due to presence of fight-or-flight hormone. Adrenaline triggers fight-or-flight response. It is released by the adrenal glands.
What is Stress Response?
Stress hormone is epinephrine or adrenaline. It is secreted by the action of sympathetic nervous system which is a part of Autonomic Nervous System. Adrenaline controls tachycardia, blood glucose, and muscle tension.
This hormone helps an individual to prepare for the situation of danger or stress. Adrenaline hormone released from the adrenal glands which are present on the top of each kidney.
Justin is experiencing accelerated heartbeat, high blood pressure and sweaty palms due to secretion of epinephrine hormone.
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