In eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes, ribosomes find the start site of translation by scanning along the mRNA from the 5′ end.
Translation- A cell's method of producing proteins by using the genetic information contained in messenger RNA (mRNA). The information included in the mRNA, which is created by replicating DNA, instructs the cell on how to assemble proteins from amino acids.
mRNA- The cytoplasm is where the mRNA that is produced in the nucleus connects to the ribosomes after being transferred from the nucleus. The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA serves as a guide for the assembly of proteins on ribosomes. The cytoplasm receives a "message" from the nucleus through mRNA.
The given question is incomplete, find below the complete question,
Q. In eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes, ribosomes find the start site of translation by ____________________________.
Select one:
a. binding directly to a ribosome-binding site preceding the initiation codon.
b. scanning along the mRNA from the 5′ end.
c. recognizing an AUG codon as the start of translation.
d. binding an initiator tRNA
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When purified cytochrome oxidase is exposed to cyanide, the cyanide binds reversibly and with high affinity to the enzyme’s active site. What will be the likely outcome if mitochondria are exposed to high levels of cyanide?.
(A) "The cyanide will prevent movement of electrons along the electron transport chain." will be the likely outcome if mitochondria are exposed to high levels of cyanide when purified cytochrome oxidase is exposed to cyanide, the cyanide binds reversibly and with high affinity to the enzyme’s active site.
An electron transport chain (ETC) is a collection of protein complexes and other molecules that connect protons (H+ ions) across a membrane with the transfer of electrons (through redox processes, where both reduction and oxidation occur concurrently) from electron donors to electron acceptors. a collection of proteins found in mitochondria's inner membrane.
Four multi-subunit big enzyme complexes and two mobile electron carriers work together to transport the electrons from NADH and FADH2 to the ETC. The electron transport chain's enzymes are mostly membrane-bound.
It takes energy to move electrons via the electron transport chain. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is synthesized by using the energy from redox processes to produce an electrochemical proton gradient.
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Question correction:
When purified cytochrome oxidase is exposed to cyanide, the cyanide binds reversibly and with high affinity to the enzyme's active site. What will be the likely outcome if mitochondria are exposed to high levels of cyanide?
A. The cyanide will prevent movement of electrons along the electron transport chain.
B. The cyanide will block movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.
C. The cyanide will inhibit transfer of electrons from NADH to initiate electron transport.
D. The cyanide will prevent oxygen from reaching the mitochondrial matrix.
The estimated heritability of 48 percent for neuroticism in the population supports the claim that.
The estimated heritability of 48 percent for neuroticism in the population supports the claim that the variability in neuroticism is due partly to genetic variability in the population.
What is neuroticism?The tendency to experience unpleasant emotions such as rage, anxiety, self-consciousness, irritability, emotional instability, and depression is known as neuroticism.
Negative emotions including anxiety, melancholy, wrath, and guilt are more likely to occur in neurotic persons.
According to empirical research, excessively high degrees of neuroticism are linked to a lifelong state of misery that affects everyone around the neurotic person.
For instance, excessive concern or dread before social contact.
Social encounters are uncomfortable and accompanied by severe self-consciousness. Self-censorship and the tendency to overthink everything they say or do in a conversation.
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PLEASE I NEED HELP NOW
Which statement describes a possible negative impact of scientific research
regarding genetically modified crops?
A. Genetically modified crops may reduce the risk of starvation in
countries with high rates of poverty.
B. Genetically modified crops may produce more food than original
varieties.
C. Genetically modified plants may require more water to be
productive.
D. Genetically modified crops may require less pesticides than
original varieties.
The possible negative impact of scientific research regarding genetically modified crops is option C, that is genetically modified plants may require more water to be productive
Genetically modified crops (GM crops) are agricultural plants whose DNA has been altered through the application of genetic engineering techniques. Plant genomes can be modified physically or by transferring sequences contained in T-DNA binary vectors using Agrobacterium. The objective is mainly to give the plant a new characteristic that does not develop naturally in the species.
Thus, option C is correct, the possible negative impact of scientific research regarding genetically modified crops, is genetically modified plants may require more water to be productive.
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Which concept was proposed by darwin? which concept was proposed by darwin? ocean warming natural selection ecosystem structure energy flow
Darwin proposed a theory of natural selection
What is the Darwinian theory in ?Darwin argued that species can evolve through time, that new species develop from older ones, and that all species descended from a single progenitor. According to this theory, every species has its own distinct set of heritable (genetic) differences from the common ancestor, which have been slowly accruing over very long time periods.
Charle's darwin theory of evolution by natural selection is the foundation upon which modern vocabulary theory is built.
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quizlet what is false concerning the sense of smell? question 7 options: the binding of an odorant to a receptor protein in the olfactory hair cell triggers second messengers to amplify the signal. a minute (very small) quantity of an odorant can trigger the olfactory pathway to elicit the sensation of smell. the olfactory system evolved into the limbic system, which controls emotions. cell bodies of mitral cells, tufted cells, and granule cells reside in the olfactory bulb. central processes of bipolar olfactory neurons travel through the internal acoustic meatus.
Central processes of bipolar olfactory neurons travel through the internal acoustic meatus is false concerning the sense of smell.
The olfactory neurons are special sensory nerves that provide the sense of smell. They arise in the receptors of the olfactory epithelium and pass via the olfactory foramina in the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone, up to the olfactory bulbs.
Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are bipolar neurons that are triggered when airborne molecules in inhaled air bind to olfactory receptors present on their cilia. The olfactory receptors belong to a G-protein-coupled receptor family. The Olfactory receptor neurons are present high within the nasal cavity in the olfactory epithelium.
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4. If you were to revise this activity to include the enzyme DNA polymerase, which step in the directions
would you add it too?
Answer:
S phase
Explanation:
In the eukaryotic cell cycle, chromosome duplication occurs during "S phase" (the phase of DNA synthesis) and chromosome segregation occurs during the "M phase" (the mitosis phase). During S phase, any problems with DNA replication trigger a ‘'checkpoint" — a cascade of signaling events that put the phase on hold until the problem is resolved. The S phase checkpoint operates like a surveillance camera; we will explore how this camera works on the molecular level. The last 60 years of research in bacterial species (specifically, Escherichia coli) and fungal species (specifically, Saccharomyces cerevisiae), have continually demonstrated that several major processes during DNA replication are evolutionarily conserved from bacteria to higher eukaryotes.
Amongst the array of proteins at the replication fork, DNA polymerases are central to the process of replication. These important enzymes can only add new nucleoside triphosphates onto an existing piece of DNA or RNA; they cannot synthesize DNA de novo (from scratch), for a given template. Another class of proteins fills this functional gap. Unlike DNA polymerases, RNA polymerases can synthesize RNA de novo, as long as a DNA template is available. This particular feature of de novo synthesis is similar to what happens during mRNA transcription.
I hope this helps and answers your question I hope this is the answer you were looking for! Have a great day!
We have to add s phase in the process of cell cycle at which the enzyme DNA polymerase have the significant role.
What is cell cycle?Cell cycle is the process of regenerating new cells by dividing the existing cell through several stages namely prophase, telophase, s-phase etc. Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes undergo cell division and produce the identical daughter cells.
Between G1 phase and G2 phase, the cell cycle's S phase (also known as the "synthesis phase") is when DNA replication occurs. [1] Since precise genome duplication is essential for effective cell division, the S-phase mechanisms are strictly regulated and highly conserved.
One nucleotide at a time, DNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the three prime (3')-end of a DNA strand. DNA polymerases are necessary to replicate the cell's DNA during cell division in order for a copy of the original DNA molecule to be transferred to each daughter cell. Genetic information is transmitted in this manner from one generation to the next.
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Which of the following is not true about cells?
Which of the following is not true about cells?
All living cells always come from other living cells.
All living thing begins life as a single cell.
It takes many cells to make a living organism.
The cell is the basic unit of the structure and function of life.
what is the
function of Petiole
Explanation:
The stalk of the leaf is called petiole.
Functions :-
(i) It helps to hold the leaf blade to the light.
(ii) It also helps the blade to flutter in wind.
Sandy Soils have large particles and have large air spaces. How does this affect
the way the soil holds water way the air
Since sandy soils have large air spaces and large particles it cannot hold water. Light, warm, and dry sand has a tendency to be acidic and deficient in nutrients. Due to their high sand content and low amount of clay, sandy soils are frequently referred to as "light soils" (clay weighs more than sand).
These soils are simple to work with and have quick water drainage. Compared to clay soils, they warm up more quickly in the spring, but they tend to dry up in the summer and have low nutrient levels that are washed away by rain.
By enhancing the soil's ability to store nutrients and water, the addition of organic matter can assist in providing plants with an extra boost of nutrients.
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Structures called _________ house blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon. these passages run perpendicular to the long axis of the bone.
Structures called the perforating canals house blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon.
What are perforating canals?The blood vessels that go via the central canals can link to the blood vessels in the periosteum that covers the bone through perforating canals, which act as conduits. Trabeculae, or thin, atypically formed plates, are organised in a latticework network to make up trabecular bone.
Osteocytes are found in lacunae that are located in between calcified lamellae in trabeculae, just like osteons are in osteons. Similar to osteons, trabeculae have canaliculi that link the osteocytes. However, each osteocyte can exchange nutrients with neighboring blood vessels since each trabecula is only just a few cell layers thick. Therefore, a central canal is not required.
Therefore, perforating canals house blood vessels that carry blood vessels from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon.
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Which of these are gymnosperms?
(A) conifers
(B) cycads
(C) ginkgoes
(D) all of these
Autotrophs:____.
a. are able to survive without oxygen.
b. cannot assimilate carbon.
c. are primary consumers.
d. use photosynthesis.
Autotrophs: use photosynthesis.
What are Autotrophs?
Autotrophs are living things that can make their own nourishment from inorganic resources. The roots of the terms "autotroph" are "self" and "troph," which refer to nourishment. An autotroph is an organism that can sustain itself entirely without the help of other living things.
Because they are necessary for the existence of all other life forms, autotrophs are very significant. For instance, there would be no herbivorous animals and no carnivorous creatures that consume herbivores if there were no plants that used carbon dioxide gas and sunshine to produce carbohydrates. Autotrophs are frequently referred to as "producers" because of this. They give the energy that all heterotrophs (organisms that must obtain their food from others) need in order to thrive, and they are the foundation of an ecosystem's energy pyramid.
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Which phases of cellular respiration occur in the mitochondria?
Answer:
G2 phase occurred in mitochondria
How can glucose be linked together to form both cellulose and carbohydrates? (I really need help)
Glucose polymerizes to form starch or carbohydrates by condensation.
What is glucose?Glucose is a monomer that contains six carbon atoms. We know that both starch and carbohydrates are all macromolecules. This implies that they are formed by the linkage of smaller molecules.
As a macromolecules, several glucose molecules are joined together in a long chain. This sort of chain could be obtained for both glucose and starch and the number of monomer units run into thousands of molecules.
In this case, the smaller molecules that are linked are the glucose molecules. This occurs by the process of condensation. There is a molecule of water lost as the glucose molecules are agglomerated together to form glucose or carbohydrates.
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Extra neurotransmitters are absorbed into the presynaptic neuron through __________. a. pumps b. osmosis c. terminals d. reuptake please select the best answer from the choices provided a b c d
D. Reuptake helps to absorb neurotransmitters into presynaptic neuron.
Substances that neurons utilize in communicating with one another are called Neurotransmitters. When an action potential reaches the terminal, presynaptic neurons release neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synapse and attaches to post-synaptic cell receptors. Reuptake or the reabsorption of a neurotransmitter occurs when a neurotransmitter transporter found at the pre-synaptic neuron at a synapse or along the axon terminal plasma membrane or along a glial cell has completed its job of sending a neural impulse.
When a neurotransmitter is broken down by an enzyme into smaller inactive products, which are subsequently reabsorbed by the presynaptic neuron and resynthesized into active neurotransmitter, this might result in reuptake.
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An epithelium that has several layers, with an apical layer of flattened cells, is called:____.
Answer: Stratified squamous epithelium
Explanation: because it has multiple layers of cells becoming flattened as they move from the basal layer to the apical layers. It provides protection from abrasion and is keratinized on the external surface of the body.
Question 1
After the shake mix has thawed what are the first six
items you must remove?
LECT ONE
The lid, carburetor, hopper, plunger, dasher and
cap
b) The lid, carburetor, hopper, o-rings, float and
cap
c) The lid, carburetor and hopper, o-rings
C
d) The lid carburetor, hopper, drip tray, dasher
and cap
Answer is B. The lid, carburetor, hopper, o-rings, float and cap
Step 1: Disassemble the assemblies: To disassemble the stationary half of the shaft seal assembly, the dasher valve assembly, and the dispensing valve assembly, follow the instructions in the owner's handbook.
Step 2: Remove the carb tube. Take the carb tube out of the hopper's bottom. Make sure the O-rings are removed.
Step 3: Remove the drip tray. Empty the product within the drip tray after removing it.
Step 4: Thoroughly wash every component that was taken apart, including the hopper for mixing materials and frozen cylinder.
Step 5: Brush the valve body and plunger bore - Use a medium brush to scrub the plunger bore and bottom of the valve body completely.
Step 6: Clean the machine's exterior. Use a soft cloth towel to do this. Never clean with abrasive pads, towels, or cleaners. The machine's surfaces may be harmed and scratched by these.
Hence answer is B. lid, carburetor, hopper, o-rings, float and cap.
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Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. How could one hormone have opposing effects on different organs?.
Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. One hormone could have opposing effects on different organs as e. cells in the different tissues would have epinephrine receptors coupled to different signaling pathways.
Hormones can help a cell to perform various specialized functions after it activates the receptors of the cell through which signal pathways are activated for the cell.
The receptors of a cell are linked to different cell signaling pathways and this is the reason that a hormone can produce two opposing effects in different types of cells.
The epinephrine hormone activates receptors of muscle cells that help in signaling pathways for the production of glycogen. The same epinephrine, in the airways, couples with a receptor that activates an inhibitory pathway for muscle contraction.
In this way, hormones help specialized cells to perform their functions by activating different signaling pathways.
Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:
Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. How could one hormone have opposing effects on different organs?
a. Cells in the tissues that are suppressed do not express an epinephrine receptor.
b. Cells in responsive tissues have signal transduction pathways.
c. Only responsive tissues are exposed to the epinephrine in the blood stream.
d. Cells in tissues that are not responsive contain enzymes that break down epinephrine when it enters the cell.
e. Cells in the different tissues would have epinephrine receptors coupled to different signaling pathways.
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How does the function of the receptor (carrier) protein differ from that of a carrier protein?
Answer:
In biology, a carrier protein is a type of protein that transports a specific substance through intracellular compartments, into the extracellular fluid, or across cells as opposed to channel proteins, which is another membrane transport protein, that is less selective in transporting molecules.
Explanation:
Of the total solar energy that reaches the earth, ------ percent is captured by the cells of photosynthetic organisms.
On average, leaves and other surfaces reflect between 98 and 99 percent of the solar energy that enters the Earth. These reflections are then absorbed by other molecules, who then turn the energy into heat. Only 1 to 2 percent is therefore available for plants to absorb.
What is photosynthetic active radiation?Plants use a region of the light spectrum called photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), or light with wavelengths between 400 and 700 nanometers, for photosynthesis.
Only around 10% of the energy is transferred to the following trophic level as a result. The ecosystem has a particular energy flow.
Therefore, only 2% solar energy is captured by the cells of photosynthetic organisms.
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Biological fluids regulate ph values using __________. This is achieved by accepting _________ when ph is low and donating _________ when ph is high.
Biological fluids regulate pH values using buffers. This is achieved by accepting H⁺ ions when pH is low and donating H⁺ ions when pH is high.
pH is the potential of hydrogen, that gives an idea about the acidity of basicity of a solution. pH can have values ranging from 0 to 14. A pH value of 7 is neutral. Values below 7 are acidic and values above 7 are basic.
Buffers are the solutions that have the ability to resist any change in pH when any acidic or basic component is added to them. A buffer solution consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The human body consists of natural buffer, which is blood.
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3. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular
respiration?
* 17 points
O
A. The reactants of cellular respiration and photosynthesis are the same but their
products are different.
B. Cellular respiration is one of the steps in the process of photosynthesis.
C. Photosynthesis is one of the steps in the process of cellular respiration.
D. The reactants of cellular respiration are the products of photosynthesis and the
reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration.
phase 1 dose escalation trial of the safety and pharmacokinetics of cabozantinib concurrent with temozolomide and radiation or temozolomide post-radiation in newly diagnosed high
For patients with newly diagnosed high-grade gliomas , Cabozantinib at a dose of 40 mg daily with RT + TMZ and post-RT TMZ was generally well tolerated.
How would you define diagnosed?The procedure of determining a diagnosis, disease, or injury based on its indications and symptoms. To aid in the diagnosis, testing like blood tests, imaging tests, and biopsies may be done in addition to a physical examination and health history.
How do doctors make their diagnosed?A doctor or other healthcare professional often makes a diagnosis after a physical examination and a thorough review of the patient's medical history. The next step is to prescribe tests and other diagnostic procedures to identify the underlying disease or injury that is causing the symptoms.
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Identify the characteristics of organisms in the animal kingdom?
There are different kingdoms in the world such as the kingdom Plantae, kingdom Animalia.
What are the characteristics of kingdom animalia?This animals are multicellular organisms which do not contain chlorophyll.They are heterotrophic organisms. That is they have to depend on other organisms for their food.They require oxygen for aerobic respiration.They have legs to walk, Wings to fly and have forelimbs and hindlimbs.They do not posses cell wall.
Therefore, There are different kingdoms in the world such as the kingdom Plantae, kingdom Animalia.
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State the form in which the energy is present in the carbohydrate eaten by the wildebeest
The energy present in the carbohydrate eaten by the wildebeest is stored in the form of chemical energy.
After digestion, carbohydrates are converted into glucose for quick energy uptake or immediate energy requirements. Carbohydrates are converted into glycogen or fat for long-term energy storage.Sugars serve as the building blocks for the polymers that make up carbohydrates.In humans and other vertebrates like wildebeest, glucose is stored in the form of glycogen, which is composed of glucose monomers. Glycogen, a very branched molecule that is often retained in muscle and liver cells, is the animal analogue of starch. Glycogen is broken down to release glucose whenever blood glucose levels drop.Therefore, energy of carbohydrates is stored as chemical energy in the form of glycogen in herbivorous mammals such as the wildebeest.
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The plasma (cell) membrane
O is composed of a bilayer of proteins
O is composed of a bilayer of phospholipids
O is composed of chains of carbohydrate molecules
O is a complex of carbohydrates and proteins
The plasma (cell) membrane
Answer:is composed of a bilayer of phospholipids.
Explanation:The principal components of the plasma membrane are lipids (phospholipids and cholesterol), proteins, and carbohydrate groups that are attached to some of the lipids and proteins. A phospholipid is a lipid made of glycerol, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate-linked head group.
- Examples of small subunits include nucleotides, which form?
……….?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.?.
Answer:
???????
Explanation:
?????
Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated. True or false?.
The statement: Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated, is true.
Positive feedback mechanism occurs for the maintenance of homeostasis. The positive feedback functions to amplify of increase the output of a reaction. For the maintenance of homeostasis, the positive feedback directs the body towards equilibrium.
Stimulus is any signal that stimulates the body to react or simply produce an action. For example, when the body suddenly touches any hot object, the touch acts as a stimulus, for which the action produced is to remove the hand instantly. The nerve cells acts in this process of carrying the signals inside the body.
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How big were the neo-assyrian, persian, and zhou polities in comparison to one another? place them in order from smallest to largest, measured as their maximum extent, east to west.
The largest empires, in order from smallest to largest, are: Zhou, Neo-Assyrian and Persian.
What were these kingdoms?The Zhou dynasty was the third Chinese dynasty in its traditional history, which was the last in which the dynasties of kings occurred. This dynasty was within what we now know as China, occupying part of its center. This dynasty is divided into two: Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou.
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the last and largest phase of Assyria to occur in the Iron Age. It was one of the largest empires in the world, they had as an idea the domination of the world leading them to dominate the ancient Near East, parts of the Arabian peninsula and North Africa, among other parts through which it spread.
Finally, we have the Persian empire, which is one of the most recent, which was a series of imperial dynasties that centered in what we now know as Iran. Which after the revolution in this country the monarchy was overthrown and replaced by the Islamic Republic.
Therefore, we can confirm that the largest empires, in order from smallest to largest, are: Zhou, Neo-Assyrian and Persian.
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