Temperature Increases.
For every 100 meters as we move above the surface of the earth , temperature decreases by 1 degree celsius. Because there is less air above you as you rise in elevation, the pressure drops. Air molecules spread out more when the pressure drops, causing the air to expand, and the temperature to drop.
But, near 135- 140 Km lies the thermosphere region.
Thermosphere- Between 80 and 400 km above the Mesosphere, this layer can be found. This layer reflects radio waves that are emitted from the earth. In this location, the temperature starts to rise once more as the altitude rises.
The gases of the thermosphere get denser even if they are still very thin. As a result, the molecules in this layer start to absorb incoming high intensity ultraviolet and x-ray light from the sun, which leads to a significant temperature increase.
Also the formula to calculate temperature-
For 135 km -
T = -131 + (0.003 * altitude in meters)
T = -131 + (0.003 x 135000)
T = -131 + (405)
T = 274 ° C
For 140 km-
T = -131 + (0.003 x 140000)
T = -131 + (420)
T= 289 ° C
Hence, Temperature increases drastically.
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How are brain and nerve cells function related to their structure?
Specialized projections called axons allow neurons to transmit electrical and chemical signals to other cells.
What is the mantle composed of? *
O Magma
Lava
O Liquid metal
O Solid rock
H
Eukaryotic cells store their dna in the form of linear chromosomes. This creates problems for replication of dna at the ends of the chromosomes because.
Answer:
DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction.
Explanation:
I did this already. "If it is a written answer, make sure you change wording!"
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what’s the answer? i need it for my biology homework.
Answer: (C) The sodium-potassium pump, which restores resting membrane potentials in neurons through the use of ATP
pls i need correct answer :(
Of the five characteristics of living things, which one is required for the species to survive but does not have to apply to an individual?(1 point)
response to the environment
use of energy to function
reproduction
growth and change over a life cycle
Answer:
Reproduction
Explanation:
A species cannot survive if there is no reproduction but the individual can survive.
What monomers do shapes B, C, D and E represent?
Which macromolecule did you build?
The macromolecule which is formed or build is lipid.
What is lipid?
Lipid has been described as an organic compound which has been not able to dissolve in the water. The example of the lipid are oils, waxes, hormones, as well as fats. The main function or performance of the lipid has to maintain the structure or the components of the cell membranes, that storage site of energy, and important molecule of the cell signaling.
A monomer has been defined as a type of molecule that is able to make chemical bond with any of the molecule and has been form a long chain and polymer in a sequence of the chain of an unspecified or unknown number of the monomers.
Therefore, the macromolecule which is formed or build is lipid.
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The genome of escherichia coli consists of 4380 genes, encoding 4290 proteins, in just 5175720 base pairs. what percent fraction of the escherichia coli genes encode proteins?
According to the above formula, the percentage of genes that code for proteins is 97.95%.
Briefing:4380 genes are found in total.
4290 total proteins are encoded by the genes.
There are 5175720 base pairs overall.
Percentage of genes that code for proteins: Although there are 4380 genes overall, only 4290 of them code for proteins.
Total number of protein-coding genes divided by the total number of genes present gives the fraction of protein-coding genes (4290/4380), which equals 0.9795.
Percent fraction of genes encoding proteins
= Fraction of genes encoding proteins * 100
= 0.9795*100
The percentage of genes that code for proteins is 97.95%.
Where are the genes in DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) segments called genes are responsible for carrying out specified protein functions in one or more types of bodily cells. The structures called chromosomes found in cells house a person's genes. Chromosomes, which are found in the cell nucleus, are where genes are found.
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PLEASE HELP ME WITH THIS
Answer:circle pentagon rectangle
Explanation:
In a classic medical case study, it was written that phineas gage became emotionally labile and unable to restrain his impulsive behaviors after a severe head injury. While this account appears to have been vastly overstated, because of this story, these functions were associated with damage to which part of the brain?.
The functions are associated with damage to the frontal lobes part of the brain.
The frontal lobe is a part of the brain that controls important processes such as consciousness and communication, memory, attention, and others. In the brain, the frontal lobe is a part of the cerebral cortex. Injury to the prefrontal cortex in the frontal lobes of the brain can create dramatic personality changes in the absence of any obvious neurological impairments, as in Gage's case.
The prefrontal cortex's cardinal role is temporal organization of behavior, which is supported by the subordinate functions of short-term memory, motor attention, and inhibitory control. Gage's personality shift would be compatible with injury to the orbitofrontal cortex of his frontal lobe's ventral aspect, influencing his emotions.
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you would like to see if the gene that you are studying in mouse has a homolog in humans. to do this you decide to do a southern blot. you believe the gene sequence will be not be highly conserved. therefore, you would like to select conditions to hybridize your probe with low stringency to find as many candidates as possible. which condition (relatively) will you use? select one: a. at higher annealing temperature b. at lower annealing temperature
So option a(High stringency) is the correct answer. You will employ (relatively) high stringency.
The gene sequence will be not be highly conserved. As a result, you want to choose criteria to hybridise your probe with minimal stringency in order to find as many candidates as feasible.
What exactly is a gene?
A gene is the most basic physical and functional component of heredity. The building block of genes is DNA. Some genes act as blueprints for protein synthesis. However, many genes do not encode proteins. Human genes range in size from a few hundred to over 2 million DNA bases.
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Biology and geology are two very different sciences, but biologists and geologists use scientific knowledge in the same way. These scientists both use scientific knowledge to
answer questions and solve problems affecting the natural world.
investigate the chemical composition of the Earth’s different layers.
observe and classify living organisms into groups.
explain the rituals and traditions of human cultures.
Biologists and Geologists use scientific knowledge to answer questions and solve problems affecting the natural world.
Biologists specialize in the study of living things. Geologists are considered physical scientists since they study the earth. Geology and biology are generally unconnected areas, despite the fact that they are both natural sciences, or studies that investigate the physical universe.
Scientific knowledge is what Biologists and Geologists gain from the experimental and data-gathering phases of the scientific method. Data gathering for scientific research is done in order to study and understand a phenomenon with help of which questions are answered and problems are solved.
While biology is the study of living things and rocks are not live things, geology is the study of rocks. A biologist, however, may find geologist information beneficial, and vice versa.
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if you want to determine the proportion of cells that have been killed by a particular antimicrobial treatment, it would be best to do which type of cell count before and after that treatment?
Agar plates are the standard solid support material for growing microorganisms.
What is Agar plates?Agar plates are Petri dishes used to cultivate microorganisms that contain a growth media that has been hardened with agar. Antibiotics are one example of the selective chemicals that are occasionally added to affect growth.
96 pinner for use in spot experiments with yeast, fungal, or bacterial cells
Individual microorganisms placed on the plate will develop into distinct colonies, each of which is a clone genetically identical to the distinct ancestor organism (except for the low, unavoidable rate of mutation). As a result, the plate can be used to estimate the number of organisms in a liquid culture or a suitable dilution of that culture using a colony counter, as well as to create genetically pure cultures from a mixed culture of genetically diverse organisms.
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How does eye location best represent the relationship between structure and function?
The location of the eyes are how they select favorable mates.
Predator eye location on the front of the head allows them to see prey hiding off to the side .
The eyes that are located in the front can see better at night .
Prey eye location on sides of the head allow for greater field of view.
Answer: Prey eye location on sides of the head allow for greater field of view.
Explanation: I am like 99% sure that is correct if not pls let me know I remember doing this exact paper
Please help!
the trait for blue eyes in humans is caused by a recessive allele. if this gene is named e, what is the genotype of a blue-eyed person?
1.) ee
2.) ee
3.) e
4.) ee
Answer: ee
Explanation:
just took the test :)
Answer: the order i have them in here may or may not have the same answers unless its genetic research quick check
1. A version of a gene is called a. answer allele
2. The trait for blue eyes in humans is caused by a recessive allele. If this gene is named capital e, what is the genotype of a blue-eyed person? answer ee lowercase ee not capital ee
3. Describe the relationships among genes, dna, and traits. answer Traits are determined by genes, which are composed of dna.
4. In mice, the gene for tail length has two alleles. A long tail is dominant to a short tail. If a long-tailed mouse that is heterozygous mates with a short-tailed mouse, what are the chances of having offspring with short tails? answer 50%
5. What is meant by a phenotype ratio in a Punnett square? answer the fraction of possible offspring that can be observed to have a trait
hope i helped
Explanation:
The introductory passage discusses the importance of being able to study anme in a pure culture instead of in the consortium that exists in nature. Many bacteria exist in biofilms in nature. Based on the information in the passage and in the chapter, is it possible to create a pure culture of a species that normally exists in biofilms?.
Yes, as a biofilm can include a single species and numerous species can have planktonic growth or reside there.
Plankton- Microalgae, sometimes referred to as phytoplankton, are comparable to photosynthetic organisms in that they have chlorophyll and need sunlight to survive and develop. The upper ocean, where sunlight may reach the water, is where the majority of phytoplankton floats since they are buoyant. The growth of plankton is known as Planktonic growth.
Biofilm- An extracellular polymeric material matrix surrounds an assembly of surface-associated microbial cells that is known as a biofilm. Van Leeuwenhoek is credited with discovering microbial biofilms because he discovered bacteria on tooth surfaces using his crude microscopes.
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Which test would measure the coating of red cells by antibody as occurs in hemolytic transfusion reactions? *
Answer:
DAT(Direct Antiglobulin Test)
You are doing a study on the enzymatic effects of lysosomes and want to follow the whole process from the formation of the enzymes to their use in the lysosome. In what location of the cell would you begin this observation?.
You are doing a study on the enzymatic effects of lysosomes and want to follow the whole process from the formation of the enzymes to their use in the lysosome. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the place where this observation will begin.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the site of the body which is involved in protein synthesis. The Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) has ribosomes attached to it. The ribosomes are the sites where the process of translation occurs. The Endoplasmic reticulum is known to play a central role in not only the formation of proteins but also the formation of lipids.
Hence, if we want to study lysosomes from the beginning i,e from the formation of enzymes present in lysosomes, then we will start from the Endoplasmic reticulum as it is the membrane is the place where lysosomes along with various other proteins are formed.
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Will U and T ever appear in the same strand together?
What impact does photosynthesis have on atmospheric carbon dioxide? Does it use or produce carbon dioxide?
Answer:
As photosynthetic organisms, plants take up atmospheric CO2, chemically reducing the carbon. This represents not only an acquisition of stored chemical energy for the plant but also provides the carbon skeletons for the organic molecules that make up a plant's structure. Plants use photosynthesis to capture carbon dioxide and then release half of it into the atmosphere through respiration. Plants also release oxygen into the atmosphere through photosynthesis.
Explanation:
4. Calculate the actual size of one cell in each of the following microscope Images, as seen on low
power. Assume the FOV is 5.0 mm.
To calculate the size of the magnified cell we can use the following formula
Actual size = Image size(with ruler) / Magnification.
How does a microscope function to determine the size of a cell?Divide the number of cells that span the field of view's diameter by the field of view's diameter to determine a cell's length. If 50 cells are aligned end to end to form a field with a diameter of 5 mm, then 5 mm/50 cells equals 0.1 mm/cell.
What is the equation for magnification image size and actual size?Actual size = image size / magnification.
Image size = magnification x actual size.
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the ganglion that supplies postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands to increase their secretions is the
-The Submandibular Ganglion is the ganglion that provides postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands to augment their secretions.
-The human autonomic nervous system includes the submandibular ganglion, often known as the submaxillary ganglion in earlier sources. It belongs to the head and neck's four parasympathetic ganglia. (The otic ganglion, pterygopalatine ganglion, and ciliary ganglion are the others.)
Where is it found?
Little and fusiform in shape, the submandibular ganglion is modest. It is located on the hyoglossus muscle, close to the posterior border of the mylohyoid muscle, over the deep part of the submandibular gland.
The ganglion "hangs" from the lower border of the lingual nerve by two nerve filaments (itself a branch of the mandibular nerve, CN V3). Two anterior and two posterior filaments support it from the lingual nerve. It receives a branch from the chorda tympani nerve, which runs in the sheath of the lingual nerve, through the posterior of these.
Fibers:
The submandibular ganglion, like other parasympathetic ganglia of the head and neck, serves as the synapse for parasympathetic nerve fibres as well as carrying other types of nerve fibre that do not synapse in the ganglion. The following is a list of the fibres carried in the ganglion:
sympathetic fibres from the face nerve and its branches, which travel through the external carotid plexus. In this ganglion, they do not synaptize.
Preganglionic parasympathetic fibres from the superior salivary nucleus of the Pons travel to this ganglion through the chorda tympani and lingual nerve.
salivary glands of the submandibular, sublingual, and oral mucosa are all served by postganglionic parasympathetic fibres. They act as these glands' secretomotors. After re-entering the lingual nerve, some postganglionic fibres travel to the sublingual gland.
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.The protective outer shells of coral animals are formed from
Answer: limestone
or a calcium carbonate
Explanation:
People see bullfighting as many different things. which of these does carmen not mention? a sport an art form a game a form of cruelty to animals
These does carmen not mention a sport an art form a game a form of cruelty to animals.
Given name Carmen has two distinct antecedents. Its primary roots are Spanish and Italian, and it is a shortened form of the Hebrew word for a mountain range in northern Israel, Karmel, which is used for Carmel and Carmelo.The Latin word carmen, which means "ode" or "poem" and is also the source of the English term "charm," is where the second derivation comes from. The word Carmenta, which derives from this root, is Latin in origin, as is the portion of archaic Latin known as "Carmen Saliare." The name is unisex in English, although it is typically given to women in Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, French, and Romanian; it is frequently given to men in Italian.To learn more about Carmen.
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If a plant's stomata were temporarily inhibited from opening during the daytime, how would this affect the plant?
The plant would be unable to perform cellular respiration, and cells would become starved for energy.Carbon dioxide wanted for photosynthesis is acquired thru open plant stomata. At night time, whilst daylight is not to be had and photosynthesis isn't occurring, stomata near. This closure prevents water from escaping thru open pores.
Because flowers should change gases thru their stomata, final them prevents flowers from taking on carbon dioxide (CO2). Without CO2, flowers can't make carbohydrates, and flowers can most effective reap this vital molecule whilst stomata are open.
Plants lose the bulk in their water thru stomata. Thus, they near their stomata at night time to save you extra lack of water thru them. Stomata cannot be closed withinside the daytime, due to the fact the plant has to consumption carbon dioxide for the manner of photosynthesis.
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answer this please!!!!!!!!!
Which part of the phospholipid bilayer is hydrophobic? Which direction does it face?
Wild-type mice have brown fur. You have two strains of pure breeding mutant mice, both of which have white fur. When you cross the two strains with each other, all of the progeny have wild-type brown fur. What does this genetic complementation tell you?.
The phenotypic of coat color is influenced by several genes.
A gene have 2 alleles which decide the phenotype character. By crossing 2 mutant strain can result in the formation of wild type mice which have brown fur.
Gene- In every type of living creature, a gene is a highly precise sequence of nucleotide monomers that has the power to fully or partially regulate the expression of one or more features. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and, in the case of certain viruses, ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymers are used to create genes.
Phenotype- An observable characteristic is simply referred to as a "phenotype." Pheno, which has the same origin as the term "phenomenon," simply means "observe." It may therefore relate to anything ranging from a common attribute, like height or hair color, to the absence or presence of a disease. It is also an observable kind of an organism.
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1. . What is facilitated diffusion?
2. Name one type of proteins are involved in facilitated diffusion?
3. True / False: Diffusion of water and facilitated diffusion require energy from a cell.
4. Diffusion of water and facilitated diffusion are forms of
transport.
__________________
5. What is osmosis?
6. Controlling osmosis is important in helping a cell maintain
which is a stable internal environment.
_____________________
7. In osmosis, water molecules move toward the region of
concentration.
___________________
8. Osmosis works because water molecules (solvent) can move through a membrane, but __________________________ cannot.
Numbers 9 and 10 are on the next page.
9. Two solutions that have equal concentrations are said to be ________________.
10. If a red blood cell is placed into a hypertonic solution, what will happen to that red blood cell?
Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport of molecules across the plasma membrane.
What is facilitated diffusion?1. Facilitated diffusion is a passive transport of molecules, which means that it does not spend energy to be able to generate the passage through the membrane. So the molecule is going to be passing down its concentration gradient.
2. One class of proteins involved in facilitated diffusion is carrier proteins.
3. False: Diffusion of water and facilitated diffusion does not require energy expenditure.
4. Diffusion of water and facilitated diffusion are forms of passive transport.
5. Osmosis is a process in which there is a movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane.
6. Controlling osmosis is important in helping a cell maintain which is a stable internal environment it's true.
7. In osmosis, water molecules move toward the region of higher concentration of molecules.
8. Osmosis works because water molecules (solvent) can move through a membrane, but solutes cannot.
9. Two solutions that have equal concentrations are said to be isoosmotic.
10. If a red blood cell is placed into a hypertonic solution, the cell will shrink as the water will leave it in order to equalize the concentrations.
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Predict what happens to cell membrane composition in the brain of a wolf living in yellowstone national park with hot summers and cool winters.
Which part of the scientific method might happen when an idea from biology is combined with an idea from engineering?
Formulation of a Hypothes is a part of the scientific method might happen when an idea from biology is combined with an idea from engineering.
When an idea from biology is combined with an idea from engineering, the formulation of a hypothesis is likely to occur. This involves generating a testable statement or prediction that can be investigated through experimentation and testing.
In this case, the integration of biological and engineering concepts could lead to the development of a hypothesis that aims to solve a specific problem or address a question by utilizing both fields' principles and knowledge.
The given question is incomplete, the complete question is
Which part of the scientific method might happen when an idea from biology is combined with an idea from engineering?
A. Observation and Data Collection
B. Formulation of a Hypothesis
C. Experimentation and Testing
D. Analysis and Conclusion
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