Table 2: Translation of mRNA molecules
Codons
tRNA Anticodons
Amino Acid
Number of Water
Molecules
Produced
AUG (start)

People who hold a radical left political stance contend that drug laws penalize minorities and the poor while serving the interests of the wealthy and powerful.

A drug is a chemical compound that, when administered to a living entity, has a biological effect. In pharmacology, a drug is often a chemical compound with a well-known structure. A chemical substance known as a pharmaceutical medicine is used to treat, cure, prevent, or diagnose illnesses as well as to enhance wellbeing. It is also referred to as a drug or medicine.

Drugs by category:

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Explanation:

The stalk of the leaf is called petiole.

Functions :-

(i) It helps to hold the leaf blade to the light.

(ii) It also helps the blade to flutter in wind.

Answer:

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Explanation:

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Yes, According to this definition, the cell in Model 1 is undergoing diffusion from a higher concentration inside the cell to an area of low concentration outside the cell.

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Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. One hormone could have opposing effects on different organs as e. cells in the different tissues would have epinephrine receptors coupled to different signaling pathways.

Hormones can help a cell to perform various specialized functions after it activates the receptors of the cell through which signal pathways are activated for the cell.

The receptors of a cell are linked to different cell signaling pathways and this is the reason that a hormone can produce two opposing effects in different types of cells.

The epinephrine hormone activates receptors of muscle cells that help in signaling pathways for the production of glycogen. The same epinephrine, in the airways, couples with a receptor that activates an inhibitory pathway for muscle contraction.

In this way, hormones help specialized cells to perform their functions by activating different signaling pathways.

Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:

Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. How could one hormone have opposing effects on different organs?

a. Cells in the tissues that are suppressed do not express an epinephrine receptor.

b. Cells in responsive tissues have signal transduction pathways.

c. Only responsive tissues are exposed to the epinephrine in the blood stream.

d. Cells in tissues that are not responsive contain enzymes that break down epinephrine when it enters the cell.

e. Cells in the different tissues would have epinephrine receptors coupled to different signaling pathways.

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The sugar and the starch both are carbohydrate but there are differences is well. Sugar is in the form of monosaccharide while the starch is in the from of polysaccharide.

What is the difference in the molecular structure of table sugar vs. chains of starches, such as those found in potatoes?

The molecular structure of sugar is C12H22O11. Generally this formula is known as for the sucrose but the sucrose means the sugar molecule contains 12 atoms of carbon, 22 atoms of hydrogen and 11 atoms of oxygen.

Actually both these sugar and starch are the carbohydrates but there is a great difference between them. Sugar have the ability to form simple carbohydrate molecules like monosaccharides while starches form more complex carbohydrates linked together by different bonds.

So we can conclude that the sugar and the starch both are carbohydrate but there are differences is well. Sugar is in the form of monosaccharide while the starch is in the from of polysaccharide.

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Answer: Rain shadow deserts are created when mountain ranges lie parallel to moist, coastal areas.

Explanation: im smart

Structures called the perforating canals house blood vessels that carry blood from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon.

The blood vessels that go via the central canals can link to the blood vessels in the periosteum that covers the bone through perforating canals, which act as conduits. Trabeculae, or thin, atypically formed plates, are organised in a latticework network to make up trabecular bone.

Osteocytes are found in lacunae that are located in between calcified lamellae in trabeculae, just like osteons are in osteons. Similar to osteons, trabeculae have canaliculi that link the osteocytes. However, each osteocyte can exchange nutrients with neighboring blood vessels since each trabecula is only just a few cell layers thick. Therefore, a central canal is not required.

Therefore, perforating canals house blood vessels that carry blood vessels from the medullary cavity and periosteum to the osteon.

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Answer:

In biology, a carrier protein is a type of protein that transports a specific substance through intracellular compartments, into the extracellular fluid, or across cells as opposed to channel proteins, which is another membrane transport protein, that is less selective in transporting molecules.

Explanation:

The conclusion can be made about the nutrients in relation to this plant is that the nitrogen is a limiting nutrient.

Reason why Nitrogen is the limiting factor- In most natural systems, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are the predominant rate-limiting nutrients and the main ingredients of agrochemical fertilizers.

Fertilizers- Material, whether natural or manufactured, that contains the chemical components that help plants grow and produce more. Fertilizers may restore chemical components that previous crops removed from the soil or increase the land's inherent fertility.

Nutrient- The body requires nutrients for energy, building blocks, and the regulation of bodily functions. Based on biochemical characteristics, there are six main categories of nutrients: carbs, proteins, fats, water, vitamins, and minerals.

The complete question is missing, click on the below link,

Q. In a nutrient addition plant experiment, a scientist adds (1) nitrate to the media and plant shows significant growth or (2) phosphorus to the media no significant effect is noted. What conclusion can be made about the nutrients in relation to this plant?

a)Phosphorus is a limiting nutrient.

b)The plant had an excess of nutrients, limiting its growth.

c)The plant does not require nitrogen.

d)Nitrogen is a limiting nutrient.

e)The plant does not require phosphorus.

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Due to difference in their density and polarity, vinegar and olive oil do not mix with each other. Thus, oil is hydrophobic whereas vinegar is hydrophilic.

Vinegar is commonly known as acetic acid (CH3COOH). Vinegar contains around 6 to 8% of acetic acid in water. It is hydrophilic i.e. polar in nature. Vinegar is commercially manufactured by the technique called fermentation.

Vinegar is widely used in industries as well as it has domestic uses. It is commercially used as flavouring agent in the preparations of many food items. It is widely used as a food preservative. It is also used in certain beverages, nutritional drinks and in salad dressings.

Thus, vinegar has many practical applications.

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Calorie restriction (CR) is a properly-installed nutritional intervention for delaying growing old and inhibiting most cancers in a lot of animal fashions.

Calorie food regimen regimens in numerous forms  are the maximum generally advocated method in human beings for stopping or reversing obesity, an difficulty of developing situation withinside the United States (where >35% of ladies are obese) and at some point of the world. Obesity will increase the threat of growing and/or loss of life from a number of diseases, along with breast cancers in postmenopausal ladies.

The useful results of CR, normally regarding a 20–40% discount in general strength intake, however isonutrient for vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, and amino acids relative to an advert libitum fed manipulate food regimen regimen) on mammary tumor burden in experimental fashions are properly documented.

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The statement: Positive feedback mechanisms tend to enhance the original stimulus so that the response is accelerated, is true.

Positive feedback mechanism occurs for the maintenance of homeostasis. The positive feedback functions to amplify of increase the output of a reaction. For the maintenance of homeostasis, the positive feedback directs the body towards equilibrium.

Stimulus is any signal that stimulates the body to react or simply produce an action. For example, when the body suddenly touches any hot object, the touch acts as a stimulus, for which the action produced is to remove the hand instantly. The nerve cells acts in this process of carrying the signals inside the body.

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Answer:

G2 phase occurred in mitochondria

Answer:

uhhhh please give more context in the comments so I can help

Explanation:

you didn't give enough context for me to answer your question, if you want me to give an answer, please put the entire question and i can help

Microscopes helps to see cells by magnifying the sample using the different magnification strength of lens.

Microscopes- A laboratory tool called a microscope is used to look at items that are too tiny to be seen with the human eye. The study of tiny objects and structures under a microscope is known as microscopy. The microscope has 4 objective lenses: Scanning (4x), Low (10x), High (40x), and Oil Immersion (100x).

Cell- The analysis of structure and function of cells is known as cell biology, and it is based on the idea that a cell is the basic building block of all life. A thorough grasp of an organisms and tissues that cells make up is made possible by concentrating on the cell.

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Answer:

1 anabolism

2 catabolism

3 enzymes

The largest empires, in order from smallest to largest, are: Zhou, Neo-Assyrian and Persian.

The Zhou dynasty was the third Chinese dynasty in its traditional history, which was the last in which the dynasties of kings occurred. This dynasty was within what we now know as China, occupying part of its center. This dynasty is divided into two: Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou.

The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the last and largest phase of Assyria to occur in the Iron Age. It was one of the largest empires in the world, they had as an idea the domination of the world leading them to dominate the ancient Near East, parts of the Arabian peninsula and North Africa, among other parts through which it spread.

Finally, we have the Persian empire, which is one of the most recent, which was a series of imperial dynasties that centered in what we now know as Iran. Which after the revolution in this country the monarchy was overthrown and replaced by the Islamic Republic.

Therefore, we can confirm that the largest empires, in order from smallest to largest, are: Zhou, Neo-Assyrian and Persian.

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Biological fluids regulate pH values using buffers. This is achieved by accepting H⁺ ions when pH is low and donating H⁺ ions when pH is high.

pH is the potential of hydrogen, that gives an idea about the acidity of basicity of a solution. pH can have values ranging from 0 to 14. A pH value of 7 is neutral. Values below 7 are acidic and values above 7 are basic.

Buffers are the solutions that have the ability to resist any change in pH when any acidic or basic component is added to them. A buffer solution consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base or vice versa. The human body consists of natural buffer, which is blood.

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When incorporated into a polypeptide chain not at the n or c terminus, Arginine would make the charge of the polypeptide more positive.

Arginine- One of the 20 amino acids required for human ribosomal protein production is arginine (2-amino-5-guanidinovaleric acid). Arginine has a variety of important jobs in the body besides being a fundamental component of numerous proteins, making it essential for good health.

Polypeptide Chain- An unbroken, continuous chain containing amino acids connected by peptide bonds is referred to as a polypeptide. The peptide bond joins the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amine group of the following amino acid to produce an amide.

The given question is incomplete, the complete question is:

Q. Which of the following amino acids would, when incorporated into a polypeptide chain (not at the N or C terminus), make the charge of the polypeptide more positive?

A. Alanine

B. Arginine

C. Aspartate

D. Serine

E. Cysteine

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B.) Phages may contribute beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase enzymes for healthy colon function.

D.) Phages may limit bacterial numbers, thus maintaining gut homeostasis.

Phage- Bacteriophages, or phages as they are commonly called, are viruses that only infect and multiply in bacterial cells. They are regarded as the most prevalent biological agent on earth and are widely distributed throughout the environment.

Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase- UDP-alpha-D-galactose to substrates having a terminating beta-N-acetylglucosamine (beta-GlcNAc) residue is transferred by the beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase. Involved in the production of glycolipid and glycoprotein carbohydrate molecules.

Homeostasis- The capacity of an organism to retain internal stability in response to external changes is known as homeostasis. The finest illustration of homeostasis is the body's internal temperature.

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The example that is most clearly narrated in third-person omniscient point of view is as follows: everyone, including Daniel, believed that he wad destined for greatness (option D).

The third person omniscient point of view is the most open and flexible POV available to writers. As the name implies, an omniscient narrator is all-seeing and all-knowing.

It is a method of storytelling in which the narrator knows the thoughts and feelings of all of the characters in the story.

Therefore, an example that is most clearly narrated in third-person omniscient point of view is Everyone, including Daniel, believed that he wad destined for greatness

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(A) "The cyanide will prevent movement of electrons along the electron transport chain." will be the likely outcome if mitochondria are exposed to high levels of cyanide when purified cytochrome oxidase is exposed to cyanide, the cyanide binds reversibly and with high affinity to the enzyme’s active site.

An electron transport chain (ETC) is a collection of protein complexes and other molecules that connect protons (H+ ions) across a membrane with the transfer of electrons (through redox processes, where both reduction and oxidation occur concurrently) from electron donors to electron acceptors. a collection of proteins found in mitochondria's inner membrane.

Four multi-subunit big enzyme complexes and two mobile electron carriers work together to transport the electrons from NADH and FADH2 to the ETC. The electron transport chain's enzymes are mostly membrane-bound.

It takes energy to move electrons via the electron transport chain. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is synthesized by using the energy from redox processes to produce an electrochemical proton gradient.

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Question correction:

When purified cytochrome oxidase is exposed to cyanide, the cyanide binds reversibly and with high affinity to the enzyme's active site. What will be the likely outcome if mitochondria are exposed to high levels of cyanide?

A. The cyanide will prevent movement of electrons along the electron transport chain.

B. The cyanide will block movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

C. The cyanide will inhibit transfer of electrons from NADH to initiate electron transport.

D. The cyanide will prevent oxygen from reaching the mitochondrial matrix.

You are doing a study on the enzymatic effects of lysosomes and want to follow the whole process from the formation of the enzymes to their use in the lysosome. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the place where this observation will begin.

As all enzymes are proteins hence we will begin with the endoplasmic reticulum to study the whole process from the formation of enzymes. The endoplasmic reticulum is the site that plays a central role in the synthesis of a protein.

Ribosomes, the sites where proteins are formed after the translation of mRNA, are present on the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). After the synthesis of a protein, the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) also transports the proteins to the Golgi apparatus where the protein is packaged and processed.

Hence, to study the formation of enzymes, we will start with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) whose membrane is the place where all proteins are made.

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Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. One hormone could have opposing effects on different organs as e. cells in the different tissues would have epinephrine receptors coupled to different signaling pathways.

A hormone uses a cell signaling pathway to induce a response from a cell and help in the proper functioning of the cell. It depends on the receptors of the hormone in different cells that decide which signaling pathway will be taken by a hormone.

A hormone will have two opposing actions in two different cell types based on the receptors present for that hormone on these cells. The receptors for epinephrine in the muscle cells activate a signaling pathway that stimulates the production of glycogen. Yet, the receptors for the same hormone i.e epinephrine present in the airways inhibit the salivary gland activity.

Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:

Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. How could one hormone have opposing effects on different organs?

a. Cells in the tissues that are suppressed do not express an epinephrine receptor.

b. Cells in responsive tissues have signal transduction pathways.

c. Only responsive tissues are exposed to the epinephrine in the blood stream.

d. Cells in tissues that are not responsive contain enzymes that break down epinephrine when it enters the cell.

e. Cells in the different tissues would have epinephrine receptors coupled to different signaling pathways.

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