for thousands of years, clams have been dug up along the beaches of california for food, first by native americans, and these days by tourists. today, the clam population is at an all-time low, and many scientists agree that several species of clams will inevitably become extinct in california. dr. clay, a marine biologists, believes that ddt (a pesticide) dumped into the ocean during the 1950’s and 60’s could be another factor in the dramatic decrease in the clam population.

Answer: A plasma, membrane, DNA and ribosomes

Explanation:

Answer:

The macromolecules that forms pumps and channels in the cell membrane, allowing the entry and exit of molecules to the cell are protein.

Explanation:

Membrane integral proteins are a type of macromolecule attached to the structure of the membrane and have ends in contact with the cytoplasm and the extracellular medium.

These protein molecules can act as channels and transporters or pumps, to facilitate the passage of substances through the membrane. An example of transmembrane channels are ion channels, while a protein transporter is the sodium potassium ATP-ase pump.

Membrane proteins can also act as surface receptors and enzymes linked to the cell membrane.

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The change that resulted from the heating of the planets as they formed are the structures differentiated into distinct layers.

Around 4.5 billion years ago, when the solar system was still in its current form, gravity dragged spinning gas and dust in, creating Earth, the third planet from the Sun. Earth has a central core, a rocky mantle, and a solid crust, just like its sister terrestrial planets.

First of all, gravity is what pulls creatures to the surface of the Earth, keeps the planets in their orbits around the Sun, and is what creates planets, stars, and galaxies. Second, electromagnetic forces control how matter produces electricity and magnetism and reacts to them.

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Compare the differences in the amount of lightness between different batches of blue jeans made at various temperatures while using the same enzyme concentration.

Temperature is an indication of hotness or coolness on a variety of scales, such as the Celsius and Fahrenheit systems. Heat energy will logically go from a hotter (something with a high temp) to a colder (body with such a lower temperature) according to temperature (one at a lower temperature).

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Answer:The answer is true

Explanation:please give brainliest if right.

Many studies that cannot ethically be conducted as experiments with typical human participants are possible to test with animal studies.

This is referred to as a procedure which is used to support or refute a hypothesis and it is also done by other peers in other to ascertain the authenticity of a law or principle.

They are used in medicine to test the efficacy of drugs during production so as to ensure that is very potent. It is also tested to ensure it is safe for consumption and the necessary side effects are studied before they are put in the market.

There are some experiments which can't be done with the use of humans because of ethical and health reasons which is the reason why animals have been used as a form of alternatives because of the identical body system they have with humans.

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The pseudostratified epithelium is the type of epithelium that is composed of a single layer of cells that are attached to a basement membrane, but not all the cells reach the apical surface of the epithelium.

Columnar epithelium cells are the types of cells that form the pseudostratified epithelium. This kind of epithelium is made from a single layer of cells although it appears to be multilayered because of stratification. The single layer of the pseudostratified epithelium cells is attached to the basement membrane. However, not all cells from the pseudostratified epithelium reach the apical surface of the epithelium.

These pseudostratified epithelium cells also show the property of either possessing cilia or being nonciliated.

Pseudostratified epithelium cells are generally present in the mucus-secreting areas of the body. The respiratory tract is the place where the pseudostratified epithelium is present in the majority.

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Answer : D

Explanation:

The example where a bee is carrying pollen from one flower to another (pollen contains sperm and the flower an egg) makes reference to sexual reproduction.

Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves the fusion of two (2) gametic germinal cells, in this case the egg cell and the sperm cell, which form a zygote (diploid cell).

In conclusion, the example where a bee is carrying pollen from one flower to another (pollen contains sperm and the flower an egg) makes reference to sexual reproduction.

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Space exploration unites us in ways that other global efforts do not because we see ourselves as humans first. This advantage won’t solve our problems, but it can shift our attitude toward something that is healthier than our current state. We know more about our planet thanks to our efforts to explore space.

In accordance with Newton's third law, whenever objects A and B come into contact, they exert forces on one another. A downward force is applied to the chair by your body while an upward force is applied to your body by the chair while you are seated. A force on the chair and a force on your body are created as a result of this contact.

In accordance with Newton's third law of motion, these two forces are referred to as action and reaction forces. The formal formulation of Newton's third law is: There is an equal and opposite reaction to every action. The answers for Newton's third law are listed below.

1. Laws of motion.

2. Fall

3. 9.8 m/s²

4. Free fall

5.  Weightlessness

6. Equals

7. Velocity

8. Terminal velocity

9. Satellites

10. Air resistance

11. Decelerate

12. Straight line

13. Momentum

14. Continues

15. Accelerate

16. Conservation of momentum

17. Momentum.

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Compared to most eukaryotic cells, the cells of bacteria and archaea have higher surface-to-volume ratios, causing higher nutrient exchange and growth rates.

Eukaryotic cells are those that have well developed nucleus and also have all the cell organelles. The organisms possessing the eukaryotic cell may range from unicellular to multicellular to organisms with complete organ systems. The examples are: fungi, protists. plants and animals.

Bacteria are the prokaryotic organisms that have primitive type of nucleus. The nucleus is not surrounded by any membrane and lies openly in the pool of cytoplasm. These are unicellular only. The examples are: E. coli, Salmonella, Bacillus, etc.

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According to the given statement Bacillus cereus It is the cause of two different kinds of food poisoning.

Etiologic agents include those mentioned in 42 CFR 72.3 as well as any other agent that causes or may cause a severe, incapacitating, or deadly disease. Etiologic agents are living microorganisms or their toxins.

The five classes of pathogenic organisms include viruses, bacteria, fungus, protozoa, and helminths (worms).

Direct touch, droplets, a vector like a mosquito, a vehicle like food, or the airborne route are all possible modes of transmission. The vulnerable host has several portals of entry such as the mouth or a syringe.

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Answer:

B) has no nucleus; found in unicellular organisms

Explanation:

Prokaryotes, such as bacteria, have a single cell without a nucleus and lack organelles, so prokaryotic cells don't have a nucleus and lack most organelles that would usually be found in eukaryotes.

Therefore, the answer is B) has no nucleus; found in unicellular organisms.

The relationship between the single celled paramecium and the multicellular giraffe in terms of the cell theory is that both organisms are made of cells.

In taxonomy, we often try to classify life. The classification of life often starts from the simplest to the complex levels of the organization of life. All the organisms that exists in the universe must falls somewhere into this strata of life. We know that the simplest unit of life is the cell. It is defined as the simplest independent unit of an organism.

According to the cell theory, all organisms are composed of cells and the cells that we have in existence are always derived from pre existing cells. The cells was first discovered by Robert Hooke as he was working with his crude compound microscope.

Now, since all organisms are composed of cells, the relationship between the single celled paramecium and the multicellular giraffe in terms of the cell theory is that both organisms are made of cells.

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The graph looks different because the plotted data are in a single line.

The conclusion that could be made by an indiscriminate viewer is that the temperature remained stable from the year 1880 to year 2018.

Temperature is defined as the degree of hotness or coldness of a body surface which can be measured in °C or °F.

The temperature of a body surface changes with time depending on the effects of the immediate external environments.

From the plotted graph above, the same data is being collected over a long period of time.

The graph appears different because the temperature of the surface remained stable from the year 1880 to year 2018.

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The amount of money that was raised for conservation from the sale of firearms is = $8,455,000,000

The number if firearms sold in U.S. during 2020= 19,000,000

The cost of an average firearm = $500

The tax collected per firearm by Pittman-Robertson Act = 11%.

That is, 11% of $500

= 11×500/100

= $55 for every firearm

The total cost of 19million firearms

= 19,000,000 × 500

= 9,500,000,000

The total tax collected form 19 million firearms,

= 55 × 19,000,000

= 1,045,000,000

The amount raised for conservation;

= 9,500,000,000 - 1,045,000,000

= $8,455,000,000.

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Answer:

To calculate the amount of money raised for conservation from the sale of firearms during 2020, we'll follow these steps:

Step 1: Calculate the total revenue generated from firearm sales.

Total revenue = Number of firearms sold * Price per firearm

Total revenue = 19,000,000 * $500

Total revenue = $9,500,000,000

Step 2: Calculate the amount of excise tax collected.

Excise tax = Total revenue * Excise tax rate

Excise tax = $9,500,000,000 * 0.11

Excise tax = $1,045,000,000

Therefore, the amount of money raised for conservation from the sale of firearms during 2020, based on the given information, is $1,045,000,000.

Answer:

Archaea

Explanation:

Most archaea species are epiphytes (for example, thermophiles or halophiles), which means they live in harsh environments where few or no other organisms can survive.

The frequency of a1a2 genotype is a population is 0.4.

Formula to calculate the a1a2 genotype frequency is: -

[tex]\frac{a1a2 genotype}{total genotype}[/tex] = [tex]\frac{80}{20 + 80 +100}[/tex] = 0.4

Genotype- The word "genotype" refers to an organism's whole gene pool, or, in other words, the genetic make-up of that creature. The phrase can also be used to describe to the alleles, or different versions of a gene, that an organism carries in a more specific meaning.

Population- A population is described as a collection of people who belong to the same species and cohabit a certain region. In order to survive throughout time, individuals of a population frequently rely on the same resources, are susceptible to the same environmental restrictions, and affect the availability of other members.

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Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. One hormone could have opposing effects on different organs as e. cells in the different tissues would have epinephrine receptors coupled to different signaling pathways.

It is through the cell signaling pathway that a hormone is able to cause a cell to cause an action. The activity of a cell that is performed under the influence of a hormone depends on cell signaling.

A hormone might cause two opposing actions for different cell types depending on how the cell perceives the hormone through its receptors. As muscle cells require glycogen hence epinephrine couples with receptors that promote this activity in muscle cells through cell signaling. However, it inhibits this activity in the salivary gland due to the coupling with a receptor of salivary gland cells that inhibit this pathway.

The activity of a hormone through cell signaling helps the cell to complete its specialized functions.

Although a part of your question is missing, you might be referring to this question:

Epinephrine inhibits salivary gland activity and muscle cell contraction in the airways, yet stimulates glycogen release in muscle cells and heart muscle cell contraction. How could one hormone have opposing effects on different organs?

a. Cells in the tissues that are suppressed do not express an epinephrine receptor.

b. Cells in responsive tissues have signal transduction pathways.

c. Only responsive tissues are exposed to the epinephrine in the blood stream.

d. Cells in tissues that are not responsive contain enzymes that break down epinephrine when it enters the cell.

e. Cells in the different tissues would have epinephrine receptors coupled to different signaling pathways.

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Answer:

The synthesis of sugar molecules through the process of photosynthesis requires energy absorbed from sunlight. Bearing this in mind, what kind of reaction is photosynthesis? A particular chemical reaction is exergonic.

What is Photosynthesis?

the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.

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The synthesis of sugar molecules through photosynthesis requires energy to be absorbed from the sunlight. Bearing this in mind, photosynthesis is an exergonic chemical reaction.

Photosynthesis is the process of formation of sugars in the chloroplast of plant cells. The synthesis requires energy which is absorbed from the sunlight. This sunlight is trapped in the chlorophyll pigment of plant cells. This energy converts carbon dioxide and water into sugars.

Photosynthesis is an exergonic reaction as this reaction releases free energy in the form of sugars (carbohydrates) in the process of the reaction. In exergonic reactions, energy is produced hence the reaction occurs spontaneously. The reactants does not require any energy to react and form product.

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Answer: I believe it´s A. hope this helps

Explanation:

In eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes, ribosomes find the start site of translation by scanning along the mRNA from the 5′ end.

Translation- A cell's method of producing proteins by using the genetic information contained in messenger RNA (mRNA). The information included in the mRNA, which is created by replicating DNA, instructs the cell on how to assemble proteins from amino acids.

mRNA- The cytoplasm is where the mRNA that is produced in the nucleus connects to the ribosomes after being transferred from the nucleus. The nucleotide sequence of the mRNA serves as a guide for the assembly of proteins on ribosomes. The cytoplasm receives a "message" from the nucleus through mRNA.

The given question is incomplete, find below the complete question,

Q. In eukaryotes, but not in prokaryotes, ribosomes find the start site of translation by ____________________________.

Select one:

a. binding directly to a ribosome-binding site preceding the initiation codon.

b. scanning along the mRNA from the 5′ end.

c. recognizing an AUG codon as the start of translation.

d. binding an initiator tRNA

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Answer: Two life functions performed by all living organisms are nutrition and respiration. Identify two other life functions that are essential for the survival of all living organisms. Explain how each of the two life functions you identified maintains homeostasis.

Explanation:

The membrane is composed of phospholipids that will form a lipid bilayer through which products pass through it.

The plasma membrane is made up, among other components, of phospholipids that will generate a phospholipid bilayer due to its amphipathic nature. Due to its conformation, different molecules will not find it easy to pass through the plasmatic membrane into and out of the cell, for this reason, the cell will have types of transport to be able to allow the passage of substances.

Within these forms of transport, we find endocytosis, which is when the cell enters bulky materials inside the cell, exocytosis, which is when it takes bulky materials out of the cell, is the facilitated diffusion by which molecules pass without spending energy thanks to its concentration gradient and active transport in which the channels need ATP to be able to pass the molecules through it since it is done against its concentration gradient.

Therefore, we can confirm that the membrane is composed of phospholipids that will form a lipid bilayer through which products pass through it.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

A box represents a carbon sink that holds carbon compounds for the shortest period of time. So, the correct option is A.

A carbon sink is defined as a natural or otherwise that accumulates and stores some carbon- containing chemical compound indefinitely and thereby removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. The two most important carbon sinks are vegetation and the ocean where soil is an important carbon storage medium.

A carbon sink is describe as something which absorbs more carbon from the atmosphere than it releases – for example, plants, the ocean and soil. Carbon dioxide can move to plants to be stored as glucose much more rapidly than in sedimentary rocks and fossil fuels where carbon compounds are most likely to be retained for the shortest time in vegetation.

Thus, A box represents a carbon sink that holds carbon compounds for the shortest period of time. So, the correct option is A.

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The measurement of energy consumption while a person is awake, seated, and inactive is known as resting metabolism or resting energy expenditure. The amount of energy the body needs each unit of time to stay alert yet not moving.

Any increase in resting energy expenditure is crucial to your weight loss efforts because it makes up 60% to 75% of the calories you burn each day.

Walking quickly for two kilometers or riding a bike uphill are examples of intense activities that might boost your metabolism.

Additionally, different body types have varied amounts of muscle and fat, which affects how much energy they require.

Therefore, calories measurement is the amount of energy required by the body to maintain a nonactive but alert state.

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Answer:

The answer is A.

Explanation:

the person who is paid obviously make the source reliable.

The question that can be used to  to evaluate reliability of a source is : "is this data challenged by anyone in the public?"

Option (C) is correct.

It assesses the credibility of the data by considering whether it has been scrutinized, questioned, or challenged by members of the public or experts in the field. When multiple individuals or experts have reviewed and found the data to be accurate and valid, it increases the likelihood that the source is reliable.

Question C addresses a crucial aspect of source reliability. If data or information presented in a source is being actively challenged or critiqued by individuals in the public or experts within the relevant field, it indicates a healthy level of scrutiny and engagement with the content. A reputable and reliable source should be open to evaluation and discourse within the community it pertains to.

Challenging data indicates that it has undergone a peer-review process, which enhances the source's credibility. It's important to distinguish valid challenges from baseless ones, as a well-supported challenge reinforces the reliability of the source, while unsubstantiated claims may not.

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The complete question is:

A. “Who was paid to do this research?”

B "Is the author American?"

C “Is this data challenged by anyone in the public?”

D “Is this research relevant to me?”